Effects Of Illness Research Articles

Mental health problems and eating disorders: a student teacher’s perception of current challenges facing pastoral care in education

ABSTRACT Pastoral care in education aims to promote the holistic development of all pupils whilst supporting those who experience challenging personal circumstances. Significant developments have been made in this field in recent years, including increased focus in Initial Teacher Education, yet major challenges remain to be addressed nationally and internationally, particularly in terms of mental health among children and young people where the rising incidence and negative consequences of poor mental health and mental illness are sobering. Although the past decade has seen significant progress in terms of positive mental health promotion within schools, this paper argues that mental health-related programmes and support in schools require planned, effective and consistent collaboration between education professionals and mental health professionals. Additionally, schools have an integral role to play in the education and promotion of healthy lifestyles among pupils. However, some school-based healthy eating messages have the potential to trigger the development of unhealthy food relationships and disordered eating behaviours among children and young people. Thus, looking ahead, comprehensive, in-depth eating disorders awareness training is essential for all educational professionals (including trainee teachers), equipping them to deliver effective and consistent health promotion programmes to all of our children and young people.

Pandemic Revealed Unique Aspects of Sexual Addictions

Pandemic Revealed Unique Aspects of Sexual Addictions

Bilateral megalocystic ovaries in frozen-thawed embryo transfer detected during cesarean section: A rare case presentation

In cases of in vitro fertilisation and extremely infrequently with frozen embryo transfer, hyperstimulated, enlarged ovaries and their consequences might be detected in the late stages of pregnancy, even at term.. Ovarian torsion induced by hyperstimulated ovaries can be difficult to diagnose during pregnancy, hence pregnant IVF patients should be closely monitored whether or not they have OHSS.. Although severe and critical OHSS cannot be totally prevented, early detection of high-risk variables, as well as sensible prevention and treatment techniques, can help to minimise the complications and long-term consequences of this iatrogenic illness.

Comparative effectiveness of group-analysis therapy and psychoeducation in patients with different somatoform disorders

IntroductionPsychological interventions including group analysis (Leichsenring et al., 2015, Beutel et al., 2008) are effective with patients having somatoform disorders.ObjectivesTo reveal differences in dynamics of pathological bodily sensations, quality of life, illness representation in patients with somatoform disorders undergoing group analysis and psychoeducation program.Methods100 patients with somatoform disorders (undifferentiated somatoform disorder – 42, somatization disorder – 10, somatoform autonomic disfunction – 36, persistent somatoform pain disorder and other SD – 12) were randomly assigned randomized to psychoeducation intervention and to the group analysis psychotherapy. Before and after treatment they filled Screening for somatoforms symptoms (Rief, Hiller, 2003), Illness Perception Questionnaire - Revised (Moss-Morris et al., 2002), Cognitions About Body And Health Questionnaire (Rief et al., 1998), Scale for the Assessment of Illness Behaviour (Rief et al., 2003), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnairie-18 (Ritsner et al., 2005).ResultsIn both conditions decrease in complaints was the most in patients with undifferentiated somatoform disorder and the least in somatoform autonomic disfunction (F=6.19, p<.01, η²=.17). In patients with somatization disorder there was the most increase in quality of life in leisure time, beliefs about intolerance to bodily sensations, rechecking the diagnosis (F=3.32-4.87, p<.05, η²=.10-.14). Decrease in beliefs about bodily weakness, illness consequences was the most prominent in patients with somatization disorder undergoing group therapy (F=2.90-4.46, p<.05, η²=.09-.13).ConclusionsPatients with undifferentiated somatoform disorder demonstrate most clinical improvement in interventions while patients with somatization disorder – the most psychological improvement. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00799.DisclosureResearch is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00799.

Depression and health-related quality of life in critical COVID-19 survivors

IntroductionLong-term neuropsychiatric consequences of critical illness are well known. Therefore, it is expected that critical COVID-19 patients might also present several psychiatric symptoms such as depression, with inevitable negative effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), commonly used as an indicator of illness and treatment impact.ObjectivesTo identify depressive symptoms in critical COVID-19 survivors and to examine its association with HRQoL domains.MethodsThis preliminary study involved critical COVID-19 patients admitted into the Intensive Care Medicine Department (ICMD) of a University Hospital, between October and December of 2020. Patients with an ICMD length of stay (LoS)≤24h, terminal illness, major auditory loss, or inability to communicate at the follow-up time were excluded. From 1-2 months after discharge, all participants were evaluated by telephone at follow-up appointment, with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (depression) and EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level EQ-5D-5L (HRQoL). This study is part of the longitudinal MAPA project.ResultsEighty-three patients were included with a median age of 63 years (range: 31-86) and the majority were male (63%). The most reported problems on EQ-5D-5L domains were usual activities (82%) and mobility (76%). About 27% presented depressive symptoms, and with more problems of self-care (68%vs41%; p=0.029), pain/discomfort (86%vs49%; p=0.002), and anxiety/depression (96%vs54%; p<0.001).ConclusionsThese preliminary results are in line in previous studies in critical COVID-19 survivors, with depression being associated with worse HRQoL. Bearing this in mind, follow-up approaches with an early screening and treatment of these psychiatric symptoms will be fundamental to optimize the recovery of these patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

What should General Adult Psychiatrists know about Reproductive Counselling of Women with Severe Mental Illness?

A notable part of psychiatry is prevention. Our job, as psychiatrists, is not only to treat mental disorders, but also to prevent them. Treating mothers in postnatal period reducing the negative consequence of depression for child development, for example. General adult psychiatrists face the challenge of having patients, who receive psychiatric health care, while also planning to have a child. Many professionals may find themselves in a situation, when they feel clueless on what to advise regarding pharmacotherapy and realistic expectations on having a child. The presentation will focus on some crucial topics. What should counselling include when planning pregnancy, highlighting differences among first and second or further children. Potentials risks and harms on the fetus / new-born baby will be introduced with emphasis on pharmacological/chemical agents, infectious effects and social, relational and family stressors. What the guidelines are for Covid-19 vaccination and pregnancy. Relative and absolute contraindications of planned pregnancy will be discussed. The crucial question of artificial/therapeutic abortion; are there any psychiatric conditions, when a psychiatrist can/should suggest it? The advantage and knowledge of perinatal mental health guideline papers, bio-ethical aspects will be discussed, along with the consequences of untreated mental illness. Advantage of breastfeeding and an up-to-date view on what should be psychiatrists’ aim will be introduced. Why is it inevitable to cooperate with GPs, obstetric- and gynecology colleagues and further medical professionals? The essential aspect and advantages of involving fathers and extended family members in this approach also will be explained.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Lived Experiences of Persons with Chronic Schizophrenia Living in the Community.

Each individual with schizophrenia experiences life uniquely, despite the sameness in their diagnosis. Understanding their experiences is vital for their better community integration and social work practice. We used the interpretative phenomenological approach. Persons with schizophrenia seeking outpatient services at a tertiary care institute in Bengaluru, India, were recruited through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted with six participants. Some of the meta-themes and subthemes identified were as follows: (a) perception about self (struggling with the sense of self, desire for normalcy, wanting to be in control of self and desire to live independently), (b) relationship with others (feeling supported by others and feeling rejected by others), (c) coping with consequences of illness (coping with disruptions in personal life and coping with disruptions in family life), and (d) experience of seeking treatment (reasons for seeking treatment, being on medication, and behavior of mental health professionals). The participants tried to find meaning in their lives by making sense of their illness. Family and community can have a significant impact on how persons with schizophrenia perceive their lives. Mental health professionals need to encourage persons' and their families' greater participation in treatment planning and clinical interventions, which will enhance persons integration within the community and will help decrease the feeling of isolation commonly experienced when one lives with chronic mental illnesses.

Progress in Rehabilitation Treatments for Sepsis Patients in ICU

Early active mobilisation and rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is being used to prevent the long-term functional consequences of critical illness, sepsis patients need early rehabilitation treatment. Individualized rehabilitation is a safe and effective approach for patients with sepsis. This review aimed to introduce the necessity of rehabilitation for patients with sepsis in the ICU, the composition of the rehabilitation team, the time to begin rehabilitation, the focus of rehabilitation, and the main approaches.

An internet of things-based medication validity monitoring system

Medicine is <span>critical to our everyday lives and to the well-being of individuals of all ages and backgrounds. With the beginning of the Corona pandemic and a rise in Corona virus infection cases, the use of medications to prevent and recover from infection has increased, as well as to treat illness consequences, has grown. The effectiveness of medicines is greatly influenced by the expiration date. In this paper, a system for pharmacy or medical store's information storage system was developed and enhanced by automatically monitoring the validity of medications on a periodic basis and sending expiry reports to medicine authorities through e-mail to warn them that a medicine is approaching expiration. The system was also enhanced with </span><span lang="EN-ID">internet of thing </span><span>(IoT) for fast and secure delivery of the medicine validity report.</span>

"Not by Our Feeling, But by Other's Seeing": Sentiment Analysis Technique in Cardiology-An Exploratory Review.

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a novel branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that measures emotions or attitudes behind a written text. First applications of SA in healthcare were the detection of disease-related emotional polarities in social media. Now it is possible to extract more complex attitudes (rank attitudes from 1 to 5, assign appraisal values, apply multiple text classifiers) or feelings through NLP techniques, with clear benefits in cardiology; as emotions were proved to be veritable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our narrative review aimed to summarize the current directions of SA in cardiology and raise the awareness of cardiologists about the potentiality of this novel domain. This paper introduces the readers to basic concepts surrounding medical SA and the need for SA in cardiovascular healthcare. Our synthesis of the current literature proved SA's clinical potential in CVD. However, many other clinical utilities, such as the assessment of emotional consequences of illness, patient-physician relationship, physician intuitions in CVD are not yet explored. These issues constitute future research directions, along with proposing detailed regulations, popularizing health social media among elders, developing insightful definitions of emotional polarity, and investing research into the development of powerful SA algorithms.

The developmental high wire: Balancing resource investment in immunity and reproduction.

The strategic allocation of resources into immunity poses a unique challenge for individuals, where infection at different stages of development may result in unique trade‐offs with concurrent physiological processes or future fitness‐enhancing traits. Here, we experimentally induced an immune challenge in female Gryllus firmus crickets to test whether illness at discrete life stages differentially impacts fitness. We injected heat‐killed Serratia marcescens bacteria into antepenultimate juveniles, penultimate juveniles, sexually immature adults, and sexually mature adults, and then measured body growth, instar duration, mating rate, viability of stored sperm, egg production, oviposition rate, and egg viability. Immune activation significantly impacted reproductive traits, where females that were immune challenged as adults had decreased mating success and decreased egg viability compared to healthy individuals or females that were immune challenged as juveniles. Although there was no effect of an immune challenge on the other traits measured, the stress of handling resulted in reduced mass gain and smaller adult body size in females from the juvenile treatments, and females in the adult treatments suffered from reduced viability of sperm stored within their spermatheca. In summary, we found that an immune challenge does have negative impacts on reproduction, but also that even minor acute stressors can have significant impacts on fitness‐enhancing traits. These findings highlight that the factors affecting fitness can be complex and at times unpredictable, and that the consequences of illness are specific to when during an individual's life an immune challenge is induced.

Parent-child agreement on health-related quality of life: the role of perceived consequences of the child’s chronic illness

Objective We aimed to assess the parent-child agreement on various domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a Hungarian pediatric sample. We examined the associations of demographic, illness-specific factors and the perceived consequences of the illness with the parent-child disagreement. Design A cross-sectional study was carried out with child-parent pairs in a heterogeneous pediatric sample (n = 259). Outcome Measures Child and parent versions of Kidscreen-52 and the consequences scale of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) were applied. We used intraclass correlation coefficients to measure agreement. We computed directional discrepancies as dyadic indexes and applied them in multinomial regression analysis to identify factors influencing agreement. Results Agreement between children and parents on the KIDSCREEN-52 instrument was moderate to good (ICC = 0.41 to 0.66). Significant (p < 0.005) parent-child disagreement was observed on 6 out of 10 dimensions of HRQoL: Parents rated their children’s well-being lower on Physical Well-being, Psychological Well-being, Parent Relations and Home Life, Social Support and Peers, and Financial Resources scales and rated higher on Moods and Emotions compared to child-reported HRQoL. Both parent’s and child’s higher perceived illness consequences made disagreement significantly more likely on various domains. Conclusions Direction of disagreement may draw attention to potentially vulnerable domains of the child’s well-being, like moods and emotions and self-perception.

A Silver Lining in a Dark Cloud? Pandemic Hospitalizations in Children With Medical Complexity.

A Silver Lining in a Dark Cloud? Pandemic Hospitalizations in Children With Medical Complexity.

Characterizing Beliefs About Breast Cancer and Comorbid Diabetes After Cancer Treatment.

To investigate how breast cancer survivors with comorbid diabetes mellitus (diabetes) conceptualize their illnesses. 19 community-dwelling, English- or Spanish-speaking women with diabetes in New York, New York, who received chemotherapy or hormone therapy for stage I-IIIA breast cancer in the past five years. Semistructured interviews were administered by trained research staff, and were audio recorded and transcribed. Three coders reviewed transcripts through an iterative coding process. An interpretive descriptive approach was used to identify themes. Major themes included an inverse relationship between illness control and concern, variation in perceived illness permanence, and differences in illness consequences. Women with a greater perceived control over breast cancer viewed their diabetes as a larger concern; others felt that their breast cancer could not be controlled but diabetes could. Understanding how breast cancer survivors view diabetes and cancer may explain the variation in survivors' self-management behaviors, and how it may influence their attitudes and behaviors in the context of cancer treatment.

Catabolism in Critical Illness: A Reanalysis of the REducing Deaths due to OXidative Stress (REDOXS) Trial.

Ongoing risk of death and poor functional outcomes are important consequences of prolonged critical illness. Characterizing the catabolic phenotype of prolonged critical illness could illuminate biological processes and inform strategies to attenuate catabolism. We aimed to examine if urea-to-creatinine ratio, a catabolic signature of prolonged critical illness, was associated with mortality after the first week of ICU stay. Reanalysis of multicenter randomized trial of glutamine supplementation in critical illness (REducing Deaths due to OXidative Stress [REDOXS]). Multiple adult ICUs. Adult patients admitted to ICU with two or more organ failures related to their acute illness and surviving to day 7. None. The association between time-varying urea-to-creatinine ratio and 30-day mortality was tested using Bayesian joint models adjusted for prespecified-covariates (age, kidney replacement therapy, baseline Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, dietary protein [g/kg/d], kidney dysfunction, and glutamine-randomization). From 1,021 patients surviving to day 7, 166 (16.3%) died by day 30. After adjustment in a joint model, a higher time-varying urea-to-creatinine ratio was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; 95% credible interval, 1.66-2.82, for a two-fold greater urea-to-creatinine ratio). This association persisted throughout the 30-day follow-up. Mediation analysis was performed to explore urea-to-creatinine ratio as a mediator-variable for the increased risk of death reported in REDOXS when randomized to glutamine, an exogenous nitrogen load. Urea-to-creatinine ratio closest to day 7 was estimated to mediate the risk of death associated with randomization to glutamine supplementation (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.38; p = 0.014), with no evidence of a direct effect of glutamine (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.62-1.30; p = 0.566). The catabolic phenotype measured by increased urea-to-creatinine ratio is associated with increased risk of death during prolonged ICU stay and signals the deleterious effects of glutamine administration in the REDOXS study. Urea-to-creatinine ratio is a promising catabolic signature and potential interventional target.

Sociocognitive Functioning and Psychosocial Burden in Patients with Brain Tumors.

Simple SummaryAfter years of gauging the efficacy of tumor-directed therapies primarily by means of survival, a broader perspective on therapeutic outcome also focusses on patients’ everyday functional abilities. Besides neurocognition, a matter of high clinical relevance, “social cognition” may also affect well-being and quality of life (QoL) in brain tumor patients. Abilities that enable individuals to establish and maintain social relationships are summarized under the umbrella term “sociocognitive functioning”. These abilities encompass the understanding and sharing of emotional and mental states of other individuals as well as skills to detect and resolve interpersonal problems. These sociocognitive abilities may be challenged in highly demanding life situations such as brain tumor diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we summarize the literature on psychosocial burden and sociocognitive functioning in adult brain tumor patients.Brain tumors may represent devastating diseases and neuro-oncological research in the past solely focused on development of better treatments to achieve disease control. The efficacy of tumor-directed treatment was evaluated by progression-free and overall survival. However, as neuro-oncological treatment became more effective, preservation and improvement of quality of life (QoL) was noticed to represent an important additional outcome measure. The need to balance between aggressive tumor-directed treatment and preservation of QoL was increasingly acknowledged in brain tumor patients. QoL is comprised by many determinants; one of those may have been rather neglected so far: social cognition. Since diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors represent demanding life situations, patients may experience increased psychosocial burden and the negative consequences of illness on well-being may be buffered by intact social relationships. These skills to build and maintain supportive social relationships essentially depend on the ability to empathize with others and to recognize and appropriately address social conflicts, i.e., “sociocognitive functioning”. Therefore, sociocognitive functions may influence QoL and treatment outcome. In this article, we review the literature on psychosocial burden and sociocognitive functioning in adult brain tumor patients.

Conceptualizing the Relationship between Stress, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance Using the Job Demand Control Support Theory: The Case of Firefighters in Malaysia

Malaysia's Fire and Rescue Department is the country's primary rescue organisation. However, in recent years, severe issues of stress affecting firefighters' job performance have been exposed in the media. The study aims to delve deeper into this topic by conceptualizing the impact of stress on job satisfaction and performance. The issue is conceptualized employing Karasek et al. (1988)'s Job Demand Control Support theory, which anticipated that the consequences of work stress or psychiatric illness are caused by the combination of job demand and job control. In terms of theoretical contributions, the study has enriched knowledge of JDCS theory in the context of firefighters in Malaysia. Meanwhile, in terms of human resource management contributions, this conceptualization will assist the Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department in better understanding the effects of stress on job performance and satisfaction, contributing to the emergence of efficient human resource policies to improve employee retention.

The Impact of Illness Perceptions on Depressive Symptoms Among Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptom.

ObjectiveThis study aimed at exploring whether illness perceptions may mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients.MethodsThe Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) for the severity of LUTS and the brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) for illness perceptions (IPs) were used among the 157 BPH patients with LUTS. Pearson’s correlation test and hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess the correlations between LUTS, depressive symptoms and IPs.ResultsOur study found that the severity of LUTS was associated with depressive symptoms and subscales of illness perception; meanwhile, IPs were associated with the level of education. A positive relationship was found between the scores of PHQ9 and the B-IPQ subscales of illness consequences, identity, timeline, concern and emotion; thus, a negative correlation was found between scores of PHQ9 and the B-IPQ subscales of illness coherence, personal control and treatment control. The hierarchical regression analysis showed IPSS and the B-IPQ subscales of illness consequences, concern and emotion were significantly associated with depression, and explained 85.1% of the variance in depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.851, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe relationship between LUTS and depressive symptoms may be mediated by the negative IPs, including consequences, concern and emotions. Clinicians should not only focus on the LUTS but also on the IPs to improve depressive symptoms among BPH patients.

Reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) in individuals with a recently acquired spinal cord injury

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and possible subscales, and to interpret Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total scores, in individuals with a spinal cord injury. Design Cross-sectional Setting Seven Dutch rehabilitation centres Subjects Individuals with a recently acquired traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury at the start of inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation (N = 270). Main measure The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) consists of eight items on an individual's cognitive and emotional representation of one's health conditions. Principal component analysis was performed to identify possible Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) subscales. Validity was assessed by testing hypotheses on correlations between the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and other measures. Cut-off points of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total score were determined. Results Mean (SD) age of participants was 60.1 (16.5) years, 188 (71%) were male, and 119 (44%) had tetraplegia. Three potential subscales were revealed. Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for only one subscale. This subscale was named ‘consequences’ and included the items ‘consequences’, ‘symptom burden’, ‘concern’, and ‘emotions’. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total and the consequence subscale showed the expected strong correlations (>.50) with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Mean (SD) scores were 40.9 (12.3) on the 8-item Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) (range 0–80) and 25.1 (8.1) on the consequences subscale (range 0–40). Cut-off points for the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total score were determined as follows: <42 indicating low experienced threat, 42–49 indicating moderate experienced threat, and ≥50 indicating high experienced threat. Conclusion The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total and consequences subscale seem applicable in individuals with a spinal cord injury in the rehabilitation practice and research.

Understanding relationships between general self-efficacy and the healthy ageing of older people: An integrative review.

The aim of this integrative review was to investigate current literature exploring relationships between general self-efficacy and the healthy ageing of older people. Enhancing the health and well-being of older adults, while mitigating consequences of illness and frailty are important priorities in healthy ageing. General self-efficacy is closely associated with human behaviour and has been linked with improved health and well-being. An integrative review using the five-stage method described by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005, 52, 546). Academic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo were searched between 2010 and 2020 for original, peer-reviewed papers, published in English that investigated general self-efficacy and factors associated with the healthy ageing of older people. Included papers were critically appraised using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, and underwent data abstraction and synthesis via a constant comparative method. This review was also evaluated using the PRISMA checklist. Twenty-one papers were included in this review. Two main themes emerged. The first highlights positive relationships between general self-efficacy and health and ageing perceptions, with subsequent influence on health behaviours. The second includes two sub-themes, which explores general self-efficacy's role in maintaining well-being through its effects on psychological health and overcoming physical decline through adaption to changing physical and health conditions. Promoting general self-efficacy has potential benefits for the healthy ageing of older people through positive effects on ageing and health perceptions, health behaviours, psychological health and overcoming physical decline. Understanding how general self-efficacy facilitates healthy ageing can guide nursing practices that reduce or mitigate consequences of illness and physical decline on the health and well-being of older people. Strategies aimed at increasing older people's general self-efficacy can help to facilitate subsequent positive effects on factors that promote healthy ageing.