Conditions Of Economic Instability Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ КЛЮЧЕВЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ БАНКОВСКОГО СЕКТОРА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

In conditions of economic instability, the banking system is the most important factor in the development of the country's economy, and commercial banks are the main link of the market economy, significantly affecting the functions of money. The article provides an analysis of the key indicators of the Russian banking sector at the present stage, the trends of its further development are considered.

FEATURES OF ENTERPRISE CAPITAL FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY

The paper examines methodological aspects of enterprise capital formation and management. Inaccuracies in this matter lead to the decline in development of business entities and, as a consequence, the economy in general, which should be stable to face today's challenges. Therefore, the purpose of our paper is to investigate the aspects and problems of the enterprise capital formation and management in the context of ensuring the effective production and economic activity of the enterprise in conditions of economic instability. The research reveals the presence of financially unstable enterprises in Ukraine , taking into account both the dynamics of their profits and the indicators of autonomy, which is exacerbated by the economic instability and leads to a decrease in business activity in the state. It determines that an important aspect in ensuring the effective activity of the enterprise is the optimal approach to the formation of its capital. The essence of capital and its role in the general system of enterprise management are described. The sources from which it is possible to ensure the process of capital formation and the requirements for its structure are outlined. In particular, it is important to have a variety of sources and prevent the predominance of borrowed capital over own capital, which can be achieved by effective management of working capital as a requirement of the enterprise productive forces development and the achieving of growing economic benefits. An expedient method and indicators regarding the analysis of the effectiveness of enterprise capital formation and management is proposed. There are horizontal and vertical assets and liabilities analysis and an assessment of the enterprise financial condition. It is emphasized that special attention should be paid to the effect of financial leverage, which makes it possible to assess the level of obtaining additional profit on one's own capital due to the use of various parts of loan funds in general enterprise capital structure. Understanding this is an important factor in finding the best solutions for the formation of enterprise capital. Estimation and regular monitoring of the enterprise capital state, according to the approach formed in this paper, is able to provide economic entities with the optimal volume of the resource base. This will maintain their expanded reproduction and will contribute to the development of the economy as a result of the effective functioning of economic entities.

Business strategies of meat industry enterprises in conditions of economic instability

Business strategies of meat industry enterprises in conditions of economic instability

Особенности проявления новых внутренних и внешних шоков в лесном комплексе ДФО и их возможные последствия

The purpose of the article is to study the situation in the forest complex of the Far Eastern Federal District under the conditions of economic instability that arose under the influence of a number of internal and external shocks. Some preliminary assessments of the reaction of the forest complex of the macroregion to institutional and sanctions restrictions in 2022 are given. It is concluded that these restrictions have only exacerbated the situation in the heavy forested regions of the Far East, which was previously formed by innovations in customs regulation and the «pandemic» crisis, but so far it is not critical. The total ban on the export of raw timber, introduced in 2022, is partially offset by supplies to the domestic market, but with sanctions restrictions on processed products, a further reduction in domestic demand for raw materials is possible. It is shown that investment intentions remain in the forest complex, mainly these are medium and small-scale projects with a short payback period, aimed at expanding production, with increased orientation towards the intra-regional market, and relying on state support. It was revealed that the main limitations for the development of the Far Eastern forest complex in the short term are: increased competition in the forest markets of North-East Asia from exporters from the central part of Russia, which leads to an increased risk of losing their niches in these markets while maintaining sanctions restrictions; infrastructural restrictions that have arisen due to the reorientation of commodity flows to the East of Russia, which narrows the possibilities of the Far Eastern timber exporters in traditional directions; demand restrictions associated with a ban on the import of processed wood products in Japan, which increases the risk of becoming more tied to the Chinese market; strengthening of the ruble exchange rate, reducing export earnings

Шляхи підвищення ефективності управління ІТ-підприємством за допомогою цифровізації бізнесу в умовах воєнного стану

In conditions of economic instability and during martial law, the choice of the right strategy for the development of enterprises plays a huge role in strengthening the company's position on the market. For enterprises in the field of telecommunications, it is important to choose a development path that corresponds modern trends in business digitalization. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the need for business digitalization as a way of increasing the IT enterprise management efficiency in the conditions of martial law. The article examines the ways of improving such management efficiency. Different approaches to defining the concept of "efficiency" are systematized, namely: functional (selective) approach; system approach; targeted approach; process-oriented approach. It is proposed to consider the management efficiency under the concept of quality of the organization of the management process through the coordination of the actions of management personnel to other personnel of the enterprise in order to obtain certain results, which allows you to clearly determine what caused the current state of the enterprise: a wrong strategy (caused by the fact that the goals were formulated incorrectly) or a non-rational use of resources. The main factors affecting the efficiency of the enterprise are analyzed. A characterization of the process of digitalization of the business of telecommunications enterprises is given. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the main ways and measures to increase the efficiency of the telecommunications enterprises activities in the state caused by military actions on the territory of Ukraine were considered. Prospects for further research in this direction are the formation of a road map for enterprises in the field of telecommunication services regarding the implementation of digitalization measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of operations in crisis market conditions.

Features of regulation of national development of franchising

Methods. The methodological tools of the study are a systems approach to scientific knowledge of economic phenomena and processes, adapted to identify problems of youth employment at the national and global levels. Specific methods in the study are as follows: historical-genetic method – in the study of trends in youth employment in the pre-crisis, post-crisis period and the period of pandemic reality; method of general and special – in characterizing global challenges and their impact on youth employment; comparative analysis – in identifying trends and features of youth employment in the world. Results. The article provides a theoretical study of the features and problems of employment in the world in the context of global challenges and economic instability. Based on the classification of youth employment and unemployment, the features of youth employment, which are manifested in economic instability, vulnerability, psychological instability, as well as an increase in the European Union NEET – young people who «do not work, do not study». It has been argued that in developed countries and countries undergoing transformational reforms, the COVID-19 pandemic and Industry 4.0 processes exacerbate employment problems and increase youth unemployment. Generation Z, which belongs to the category of young people and will be involved in the labor process in the near future, is analyzed through the «generation theory». Novelty. On the basis of theoretical and analytical generalizations on employment, the problems of youth employment in the conditions of economic instability, global challenges and postcognitive reality are classified and outlined. Practical value. Isolation and classification of youth employment problems allows forming an effective strategy of youth employment and developing an effective mechanism for its implementation, and recommendations for collaboration between business, education, international and government institutions serve as a basis for minimizing youth unemployment in the world.

Resurfacing the exhaust valve by plasma spraying versus electric arc and gas flame methods

In modern conditions of economic instability in various sectors of industry for the national economic complex, it is important to improve the technology for repairing parts of power units, while the development of modern technological methods for restoring the contact surfaces of parts should be carried out in the conditions of enterprises and be accessible. The article compares the most common methods of surface parts restoration, such as flame, plasma spraying and electric arc surfacing. Studied experience of various specialists working in this direction made it possible to implement these reduction methods using a charge based on a mineral tungsten-containing concentrate, boron and carbon. The process of alloying the resulting coatings was investigated, where tungsten is in the form of tungsten trioxide (WO3) and calcium tungstate (CaWO4). A comparative analysis of the methods for restoring the surface of the exhaust valve cone of the D49 diesel engine has been carried out. The article presents results of microand macroanalysis of the structures of the obtained coatings and the base metal of the restored part, the results of the analysis of the chemical composition, the evaluation of the microhardness and adhesive strength of the adhesion of the obtained coatings to the surface of the base metal. Authors substantiated the prospect of applying the methods of gas-thermal restoration of the surface of parts in relation to the method of electric arc surfacing. Subsequent studies will focus on the installation of remanufactured parts in the internal combustion engine of the locomotive, their operation in real conditions, and the assessment of reliability and durability. Research in this direction will improve the quality indicators of the restored surfaces of power unit parts of rolling stock.

РАЗВИТИЕ МАЛЫХ ФОРМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to consider the problems of the development of small forms of management in conditions of economic instability using analytical and statistical methods. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) determine the contribution of small-scale farming to the food security of the country; 2) consider state support for the development of small forms of farming in the countryside. Results. The advantages of small forms of management, as well as the factors hindering their development, are identified. The conclusion is made about the reduction in the number of representatives of small forms of management in the agrarian sphere. The analysis of the number of workers in small forms of management and turnover is carried out. The place of peasant (farmer) households in the production of agricultural products is determined, the specialization of their production is revealed. The dynamics of production by personal subsidiary plots of the population is considered. The indices of production of products in peasant (farmer) households and in personal subsidiary plots are compared. The analysis of the federal budget expenditures to support small forms of farming in agriculture is carried out. The scientific novelty of the study consists in substantiating the need to improve measures of state support for production in small forms of management and in arguing the need to redistribute state support funds in favor of small forms of management.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИНЖИНИРИНГА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

The COVID-19 pandemic has really become a real shock for the whole world. The way of life has changed not only for people, but also for companies in various industries. Today, the real estate market, like many other industries, is in conditions of economic instability. The study highlights the problems faced by the construction sector in the current conditions of the coronavirus pandem-ic. One of these problems is the sustainable competitiveness of construction and its compliance with new consumer preferences. Aim. The study of the influence of engineering solutions and other fac-tors on the competitiveness of construction in modern economic conditions, the definition of key criteria. Development and description of the decision-making methodology for choosing the optimal construction enterprise from the point of view of competitiveness. Materials and methods. The methods of system analysis, optimization methods, hierarchy analysis and decision theory are ap-plied in the work. Within the framework of the proposed methodology, the author's method of identifying key competitiveness criteria has been developed. Since the problem of choosing the optimal solution from among the alternatives is based on a multi-criteria approach, the use of this method is quite appropriate. The template for the formation of the methodology was identified based on the analy-sis of existing research in this area. Results. The author summarizes and supplements the criteria and factors affecting the competitiveness of construction organizations in the study. The author's method of making a decision on determining the optimal construction enterprise from the point of view of competitiveness based on the criteria considered by the author is presented. This technique includes several stages: 1) forming a goal; 2) formation of criteria by which organizations will be evaluated; 3) calculation of criteria for each organization and bringing them to a homogeneous type of data; 4) building a tree of goals and a matrix of priorities; 5) Determining the values of priority vectors for each organization under study. Conclusion. The total influence of criteria and engineering solutions on the competitiveness of construction is determined. In this regard, the implementation of the con-struction project should be carried out taking into account the strategic goals of the organization and binding to the identified criteria. The proposed methodology is developed for Russian construc-tion companies operating in modern economic conditions.

Effective budgeting as a priority of the company›s development

In the modern world, in the conditions of economic instability and fierce competition, companies need to have effective tools that can provide an opportunity to study the current financial condition, compare cash inflows and outflows, approve the right decisions that contribute to the subsequent formation and development of the enterprise, as well as optimize management costs. In a company, such an important tool for financial planning, as well as control, is budgeting.This article discusses the tasks, goals, methods, disadvantages and advantages of budgeting, illustrates the full continuous cycle of budget management and the stages of development of the concept of budgeting. In addition to the theoretical aspects, the article considers the empirical and methodological aspects. The purpose of this article is to generalize the theoretical provisions and develop the organizational and methodological aspects of the application of budgeting and the impact of effective budgeting on the development of the overall company. The article uses complex and systematic approaches to the processes and phenomena under study, which is achieved through the methods of analysis and synthesis, review and collection of information, statistical analysis, scientific abstraction and visualization.In the conclusion of the article, the conclusions are made, that a properly formed concept of budgeting, improvement of methods and elements of the budget process will make it possible to manage the capital, as well as a single commercial, and the company as a whole, establishing the sequence of business types, terms and trends of restructuring. This will allow the owners of companies to adapt their business in time to all possible changes in market conditions.

PLANNING OF RESOURCE CONSUMPTION INDICATORS

The article is devoted to the problem of effective management of resource consumption processes at industrial enterprises in the conditions of economic instability and financial crisis. In the course of the research the current state of development of methods and tools of resource management processes of economic entities of Ukraine is considered. The components of the formation of the process of resource consumption management at industrial enterprises are identified and negative trends in the field of resource consumption management are identified. As a result of the study, recommendations for stabilization of resource consumption processes by using all the principles of building complex processes are developed. A qualitatively new approach to planning the level of resource consumption of industrial enterprises as a whole and by stages of its course is formulated.

Development of New Methods for the Production of Large-Diameter Double-Seam Pipes

Modern metallurgical industry consists of many of supporting and main plants, which require constant material investments. The issue of saving material resources, raw materials, etc., as well as reducing the expenditure coefficient of the metal, optimization and flexibility of production, is an important part for metallurgical companies in the conditions of economic instability in the industrial sector. This article describes the newly developed methods for the production of expandable electric welded pipes from two sheets (double-seam). An assessment of the feasibility of implementing the developed methods was made for the production of large diameter double-seam pipes, using modern engineering analysis methods, based on the finite element method (FEM). Technological modes of shaping were selected to produce products that meet customer requirements. The article describes the results of the experimental work, assesses the convergence of the results obtained using CAE-systems and the experimental work in the plant. The developed mathematical models for the production of pipe billets in the main shaping operations have high convergence and can be used in the calculation of new sizes. The use of the developed mathematical models in the specialized software package MSC Software allows evaluating new technological modes and various production methods without risks and financial losses. The proposed new methods for the production of large-diameter double-seam pipes (forming a sheet from two halves and forming a half cylinder) increased productivity and flexibility of production, and also had a positive economic efficiency, due to lower costs for sheet billet. New production methods have proved their working ability and have proved the possibility of practical application (production of an experimental batch).

Conceptual Modeling of Construction Industry Enterprises Management Under Conditions of Economic Instability

The present article addresses the problems of effective management of building contractors under conditions of economic instability. The issue of sustainable development of enterprises is of particular relevance in the aftermath of the global financial and economic crisis, that has hit the world economy and has led to a significant deterioration of the key indicators o global economy, to declining trust in markets sustainable, in solvency of enterprises or even in suitability of economic systems around the world. One of the main reasons for this situation was the inefficient activities of the large enterprises, which assumed excessive risks in core activities, and after that they have hidden their failed results. The transition of the Russian Federation to a market economy has demanded from domestic economic science to review basic provisions of the concept of construction industry enterprises management. This is due to the fact that the unpredictability of rapid changes in the economic environment appeared and is growing at both micro and macro-level of fast-growing market. This resulted in an objective need to develop appropriate management methods for construction companies in conditions of instability and uncertainty engendered by the unpredictable changes of modern market. Complexity and uncertainty of the given problem have led to multifaceted research associated with development of management methods for the complex for socio-economic facilities in conditions of uncertainty of global economics.

Problems and Prospects of Ensuring Food Security in Conditions of Economic Instability: Regional Aspect

Food security has come to the fore in the last decade not only in the importance thereof, but also due to the fact that the government of the Russian Federation has given this problem a certain status and legislative support. The priority direction of the state policy for ensuring food security of the Russian Federation covers a wide range of issues related thereto: economic, social, demographic, environmental, etc. Republic of Bashkortostan is able to provide itself with the basic food products and to comply with the basic conditions of food security. However, in this regard, it is required to pursue a more effective investment policy in the agrarian sector of the economy, implement a radical modernisation of the agro-industrial complex, and significantly increase the average per capita income of the population.

ЕКОНОМІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТА ФАКТОРИ ВПЛИВУ НА НЕЇ

Introduction. One of the important strategic tasks at the present stage of enterprise development is to achieve a high level of its economic efficiency to ensure financial stability in conditions of economic instability. Factors of external and internal environment have an influence on this indicator, which actualizes the problem of their consideration in the process of enterprise functioning. The purpose of scientific research is to determine the essence of the concept of «economic efficiency», as well as to identify the factors of external and internal environment that affect it. © Олександр Іванович Петков, 2021 Results. Scientific interpretations of the essence of the concept of «economic efficiency» are given and analyzed. There are two main groups of factors influencing on this indicator: environmental factors and internal factors. According to the results of the study, the classification of factors of external influence on economic efficiency is generalized. It is determined that these factors can be the causes of problems in the enterprise, and, on the other hand, can be an impetus for finding more effective directions of development. The factors of influence of the internal environment on the economic efficiency of the enterprise are structured taking into account the functional sphere of activity of the economic object. Conclusions. The study of the essence of the concept of "economic efficiency" and the factors influencing on it indicates the need to adapt the existing classification of external and internal environmental factors to changing economic conditions. Key words: economic efficiency, external environment, internal environment, influencing factors.

Innovative solutions for forming supply chains in the conditions of economic instability

The article examines the changes in the requirements for the development and implementation of innovations in the process of forming and improving supply chains in the face of increasing economic instability. Economic instability is presented as the most important trend in the modern economy and significant factor forming new requirements for supply chains. This, in turn, involves the improvement of applied technologies and development of new technologies, as well as the search for progressive technical and managerial solutions to meet the interests of a wide range of business entities and consumers of goods and services. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that economic instability is viewed by the authors through the prism of both economic and non-economic processes having, inter alia, an impact on the economic system, including political, military, environmental, epidemiological and other processes. The article focuses on the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, as well as its impact on logistics solutions, and the specific demands on supply chains. It is substantiated that the introduction of technical and managerial innovations in this area will allow us to take into account the features and consequences of the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and to effectively influence the processes associated with improving supply chains. Thus, it will ensure compliance with the requirements and conditions determined by modern conditions associated with increased economic instability.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ АДАПТИВНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НЕСТАБИЛЬНОСТИ И ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО VUCA-МИРА

The article discusses the issues of increasing the adaptability of enterprise management in the conditions of economic instability and digitalization of the VUCA WORLD. It is emphasized that it is not easy for enterprises to become adaptive in modern conditions. The directions of increasing adaptability in a number of key areas are proposed: simplification of the business model, innovation, cooperation, acceleration of business processes, rapid decision-making, regular monitoring, digitalization of the enterprise and digitiza-tion of data.

ДІАГНОСТИКА РОЗВИТКУ КРИЗОВИХ ЯВИЩ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МЕТОДУ ТАКСОНОМІЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ

In conditions of economic instability, enterprises are forced to constantly monitor their financial state in order to prevent the development of crisis phenomena. There are a number of tools to carry out this monitoring but the most common and effective tool for diagnosing the development of crisis phenomena are discriminant models that make it possible to assess the financial state of the enterprise and draw conclusions regarding the presence of crisis phenomena in the enterprise. Also, discriminant models are actively used to assess the probability of bankruptcy of an enterprise. However, each model is calculated on the basis of indicators developed by its author and characterizing only some areas of the enterprise. Thus, the assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise is not objective, since not all indicators reflecting the state of the enterprise are taken into account in the calculations. The need to improve existing methods determines the relevance of further development of approaches to diagnosing the development of crisis phenomena at the enterprise, in particular, on the basis of taxonomic analysis, which allows us to develop a single indicator characterizing the rate of the crisis development at the enterprise. The study proposes an approach to the diagnosis of crisis phenomena in the enterprise using the method of taxonomic analysis based on the construction of partial and total integrated indicators of the level of crisis development. A system of indicators for assessing crisis phenomena has been formed, which is the result of a comparative analysis of models for assessing the probability of bankruptcy of enterprises. There are 3 groups of analytical coefficients for assessing the development of the crisis: indicators of the capital structure of the enterprise, efficiency indicators of use of enterprise resources and indicators of the structure of formation and financing of assets. The Harrington scale was used to assess the level of crisis development in the activities of enterprises. The system of integrated indicators was built and the level of crisis development in the activity of ceramic enterprises was assessed.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСАМИ ОПТОВИХ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

It is established that the transformation of the economy on the way to market relations forces to move to the creation of a new marketing management system of wholesale trade, which today is a lever to stimulate domestic production, in conditions of economic instability and changing customer tastes, intensification of competitors, price fluctuations, demand, business activity in the market. We have identified the need to find modern approaches to managing the business processes of wholesale enterprises, which requires the formation of a holistic, scientifically sound system of organization and an effective enterprise management system. Such a system should be a marketing management concept that would be aimed at meeting the needs and demands of the market, would adequately respond to changes in the internal and external environment, would increase the profitability of sales activities. The marketing concept of management differs from production and marketing flexibility, elasticity, efficiency and sensitivity to market changes, greater adaptability to various innovations. The marketing concept of wholesale trade management is directly correlated with business processes and is related to operations to study consumer demand, the needs of suppliers and buyers, the provision of wholesale services and the development of rational ways of moving goods. Commercial, logistics, production and financial business operations are modeled and implemented through a marketing management system, combining the needs of suppliers, customers and providing in their unity more rational ways to promote goods than in the case of their separate organization. Marketing management should combine and harmonize the main business processes of the wholesale company, the result of which is: for the manufacturer the best conditions of purchase; guarantee and prospects of sales channels; placing products on the market; transportation conditions; storage conditions, motivation of employees. Management decisions are presented, the adoption of which will help to combine and harmonize the main business processes of wholesale trade enterprises and ensure their more rapid adaptation to the market environment.

FOREIGN INVESTMENT OF UKRAINIAN BUSINESS

At the present stage of development of the world economy, an important and urgent issue is the development of investment activity, attraction and use of foreign investments. Almost all countries of the world focus their efforts on increasing the investment attractiveness of foreign investments and increasing their volume in the national economy. Ukraine's investment attractiveness is one of the most important elements on which the country's welfare, economic development, production, enterprises and business are based. The need to attract foreign investment is met by a decrease in investment activity of domestic companies, the need for technical and technological modernization of production and the entire market infrastructure, the need to introduce new management methods in management. Therefore, since the issue of foreign investment is important for the economic development of our country, the need to study and research the main types and forms of foreign investment is very relevant. The purpose of the qualification work is to study foreign investment in Ukraine, as well as trends and promising areas for improvement. In the process of research, depending on the goals and objectives, appropriate methods of research of economic processes were used, including systematization and generalization (with theoretical substantiation - the concept of investment process), comparative method (with dynamics of foreign investment), method of quantitative analysis, methods of induction and deduction. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: At the state level, it is necessary to continue to take a set of measures to stimulate investment processes in the economy of Ukraine, and thus it will help to attract investment by Ukrainian enterprises in conditions of economic instability. Improving the legislative and organizational framework to increase the capacity of mechanisms to ensure a favorable investment climate and forming a basis for maintaining and increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy is an urgent issue for further improvement of the investment climate in Ukraine A study of the main obstacles to foreign investment in Ukraine has shown that the country's judiciary ranks first, corruption second, and market monopolization and seizure of power by oligarchs third. In addition, investment returns in the years before and during the pandemic were compared. The obtained results can be used in the development process strategies of foreign economic development of Ukraine and evaluation of efficiency conducting policy in the field of currency regulation.