Conditions Of Uzbekistan Research Articles

FOREIGN EXPERIENCES IN ORGANIZING AND MANAGING THE USE OF LAND RESOURCES

The article analyzes the goals and objectives of the state regulation of land resources in different countries, as well as the goals and objectives of the implementation of land relations. The article also suggests ways to use the experience of foreign countries in the field of organizing and managing the use of land resources in the conditions of Uzbekistan.

ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF INCLUSIVE EMPLOYMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

In this study, persons with disabilities were selected as the main object of inclusive employment. The social, economic and political obstacles that they may face in the conditions of Uzbekistan were highlighted. The relevance of the topic is that disabled people are victims of labor market competition. Inclusion is an indicator that determines the level of development of each country. In these directions, the legal measures taken by our country are analyzed and the existing shortcomings in the field are listed. Significant work is being done in Uzbekistan to ensure inclusive employment. This article analyzes the legal basis of employment of people with disabilities, as well as what subsidies and tax incentives are available for employers. As a result of the research, existing shortcomings in the field were highlighted, and suggestions and recommendations were given to achieve the future.

Stages and Characteristics of the Formation of the Ownership System in Uzbekistan

In this article, the privatization of state property, which is considered an important part of the country's economic development, is carried out in the conditions of Uzbekistan and its results are analyzed based on scientific literature and statistical data.

Teaching the Russian Language in Online Courses

This article provides information on the introduction of online courses to the educational process, and the identification of positive and negative aspects of education. The importance and value of online education in the conditions of Uzbekistan is analyzed. As with everything, online education has its pros and cons.

FORECAST INDICATORS OF INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION ON THE BASIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPHERE OF TOURISM SERVICES

In the conditions of a modern, innovative economy, the article widely highlights the role of tourism services in the national economy of Uzbekistan and its role in the labor market. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, the problems of ensuring employment of the population on the basis of the rapid development of the tourism services sector are deeply analyzed and their prospective indicators are determined on the basis of econometric analysis. At the end of the article, the necessary recommendations are given to increase the employment of the population, based on the rapid development of the tourism services sector in the future.

An Innovative Method For Prevention Of Episodoic Emergencies - Testing Of A New Allergic Method For The Diagnostic Of Animal Brucelliosis

This article provides information on the research conducted in the conditions of Uzbekistan on allergy diagnostics, which is one of the new innovative methods for diagnosing brucellosis in small cattle, in particular, materials are given on the development of the production of allergens from brucella stored in a unique collection of animal microorganisms Veterinary Scientific Research Institute.

Anatomical and phytochemical studies and ethnomedicinal uses of Colchicum autumnale L.

Background: In the world, great importance is attached to the intensification of plants. To date, most medicinal plants are only partially used. In case of Colchicum autumnale L. currently mainly the corms are used for the extraction of alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intensification of the use of this perspective plant reported from the study area. This article examines the anatomy and phytochemistry of leaf and corm of C. autumnale, which is grown as a medicinal crop in Uzbekistan. Methods: The leaves were fixed in 70% ethanol according to the generally accepted method; transverse and paradermal sections were examined on the fixed material. When studying the anatomical features of the leaf, preparations was formed by manually cutting a transverse section of the leaf were observed by a MOTIC V1 microscope. The slides were stained with glycerin jelly having safranin. Cells and tissues were measured using a micrometer MOB-15. To determine the amount of alkaloids contained in the leaves and in corms, a chemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of alkaloids of the Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances. Results: On the transverse section of the stomata of the leaves of Colchicum autumnale anomocytic type, 2-3 rows of parenchyma and palisade cells, the characteristic size of the stomata. The root structure of C. autumnale consists of 4-5 rows of corolla, 4 protoxylems and 1 metaxylem, and the presence of rhomboid calcium oxalate crystals in its parenchyma is a characteristic feature of the species. As a result of studying the chemical composition of the plant in the conditions of the Tashkent region, it was observed that the amount of alkaloids in the aerial part of the colchicum, in the leaves was 0.4% and in the corm 0.14%. Conclusion: The current work sought to resolve taxonomic issues involving species that share the majority of their physical characteristics and to clarify relationships between important taxa by utilizing leaf epidermal characteristics. As a result of chemical analysis, it was revealed that the amount of alkaloids in the leaves of Colchicum autumnale, introduced in the conditions of the Tashkent region (Uzbekistan), is higher than in natural regions. This proves that in the conditions of Uzbekistan it is possible to grow Colchicum and obtain high-quality raw materials. Key words: autumn crocus, meadow saffron, anatomy, phytochemistry, ethnomedicine.

Biochemical composition of soybean foreign varieties and samples (under typical gray soil conditions of Uzbekistan)

Soybean stands out as a highly prized agricultural crop due to its exceptional nutritional attributes. The proteins found in soybean possess a distinctive profile, featuring essential non-exchangeable amino acids that closely resemble those present in animal proteins. This composition renders soybean proteins a valuable and comprehensive source of vital nutrients. This article offers insights into the biochemical characteristics of imported soybean varieties and samples grown under typical gray soil conditions in Uzbekistan. Specifically, it examines various parameters to assess the quality and composition of these leguminous crops. The study presents data on crucial components such as protein and oil content, both of which constitute the primary constituents of these crops. Additionally, the research delves into the moisture content of the seeds, which contributes to understanding their overall quality. Furthermore, the article provides information about the origin of the soybean varieties under investigation, shedding light on their respective countries of origin. By analyzing these biochemical indicators and considering the seeds’ moisture content and source, the study contributes to a comprehensive evaluation of the suitability, adaptability, and potential economic value of these foreign soybean varieties within the specific agroecological context of typical gray soils in Uzbekistan.

Growing of cabbage in water efficient irrigation methods in Uzbekistan

In world agriculture, efforts are being made to reduce water consumption in crop irrigation, to study the level of soil moisture and water consumption in different irrigation methods, to improve the agrophysical, agrochemical and microbiological properties of the soil, and to increase its productivity. Also, large-scale scientific research is being carried out on increasing the yield of vegetable crops in different irrigation methods and reducing the phytosanitary condition of the field (density of weeds and pests, level of disease). The development, improvement and widespread implementation of optimal and cost-effective irrigation methods for planting and caring for vegetable crops in the spring and summer periods in the conditions of water scarcity is one of the urgent issues in agriculture. The development of water saving irrigation technologies in conditions of Uzbekistan does not influence essentially on agro-application physical properties of typical grey soils. At application of water saving irrigation in conditions of a climate of Uzbekistan, it was noticed that the most effective way is drip irrigation. At this way of irrigation, water is saved by 50% and productivity of vegetable crops and fertility of soil increases by 10-15%.

Investigating the urban land pollution level according to the bioindicator properties of plants

In this article, the bioindicator properties of Taraxacum officinale, a common plant in urban areas, are studied. The existence of a correlation between the environment and the content of heavy metals in plants determines the use of plants as indicators of natural and anthropogenic landscapes. The existence of a relationship between the amount of heavy metals in the environment and plants determines their use as indicators of pollution of natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Plant organisms are recognized as adequate bioindicators of environmental quality. It is T. officinale that is suitable for identification and has adequate response to changes in environmental conditions. As a bioindicator, plants in urban and industrial areas are used for biomonitoring. In our scientific research, the use of T. officinale species as a bioindicator of atmospheric and soil pollution was investigated for the first time in the conditions of Uzbekistan. In order to determine the accumulation of some heavy metals in the observation areas, the correlation of climate, soil and plant indicators was determined using mathematical analysis methods.

Effectiveness of breeding larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia Illucens Linnaeus, 1758) on bran substrate

The black soldier fly Hermetia illucens breeding began in the 90s of the 20 century and was considered as an ecological solution for turning agricultural waste into a protein-rich organic compound. Two problems can be solved by breeding flies: firstly, agricultural and food waste is disposed of in an ecological way, and secondly, valuable protein raw materials are obtained. Through this technology, the shortage of important nutritional components for the aquaculture and poultry sector will be eliminated. In addition, this component is very close to the content of fish meal, which is deficient in composition, and can be used instead of fish meal within the specified amount. The advantages of this component are that the product reaches mass within 10 days and can be preserved by drying. The decrease in the price of this product, mainly due to the utilization of agricultural waste, shows that this product is promising. Today, the black soldier fly has been cultivated in Uzbekistan, and the technology of cultivation in bran has been mastered. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, the cultivation process requires scientifically based information in order to determine which feed substrate is cheap and convenient. The conducted research is aimed at determining the growth and nutritional coefficient of bran and the development cycle and cost of this nutritional substrate. The article presents information from tests on raising black soldier fly hatchlings on bran nourishment substrate. Based on the information gotten, the timing of the advancement of larvae within the bran item, as well as the wholesome esteem of the bran, were indicated.

Methodology for using forsight technology in training future ecologists in Uzbekistan

Foresight is one of the most modern technologies of environmental forecasting, and it is a relatively new technology in the conditions of Uzbekistan. In developed countries, eco-foresight is widely used in predicting the consequences of environmental problems and crises, but the theory, practice, and methodology of its use in the educational process have not been fully developed. Foresight studies and projects implemented by the authors in the international education system were analyzed. In the process of training future ecologists, the methodology of using foresight technology in the teaching of specialized subjects has been developed. According to this methodology, the use of the forosite in training sessions is divided into 3 blocks: preparation for training, organization of lectures and practical exercises using the foresite technology, and blocks of independent education. The development of “Eco-foresight competence” in future managers is based on the implementation of training sessions using foresight methods, the author's definition of foresight competence and competence is given

Technologies of cultivation and processing of Lycium chinense Mill. and Lycium barbarum L. fruits in the conditions of Uzbekistan

The scientific article presents the study results of the effectiveness production of Goji berries in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The agrobiological features and cultivation technology of L. Chinense Mill and L. barbarum L. were studied. Planting of 2-3 year old seedlings is effective compared to annual plants. After planting of seedlings, irrigation was carried out 400-450 m3. Improving the efficiency of plant development depends on the introduction of humus, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. The fruit of L. chinense is 2 nested, syncarpous. The walls of the outer epidermis are thickened and cutinized. This explains that the plant can be grown in arid conditions. The yield is determined by the increase in soil quality, you can get 540 kg/ha. The amino acid composition of the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. is represented by 16 amino acids, including 9 essential ones. The technology of drying Goji fruits in the shade is considered the most acceptable, as it does not lose taste and juiciness. Introduced environmentally friendly methods of production and storage of products. The preparation of compote, conserve, jam and dried products is recommended. The plants were fed. Economic efficiency and production volume on plantations are shown.

Determination of the quality of composite flour mixtures

This article presents the results of the analysis of wheat and lentil grains grown in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The chemical composition, protein content and amino acid content of lentils were determined. It is clearly stated how the analysis is carried out, what methods and formulas are used. In this regard, the study of the physicochemical characteristics of local varieties of lentil grain seems to be relevant. In recent years, much attention has been paid in the republic to the expansion of wheat and lentil grain sown areas. Such types of leguminous crops are the main sources of obtaining flour. The composition of fodder meal prepared using local lentil grains was analyzed. At the same time, the influence of the technology for obtaining composite mixtures from wheat and lentil flour on the composition of the product was studied. The quality indicators and physico-chemical characteristics of the composite mixture were established when the output amount of composite flour was introduced and simultaneously with the introduction of new technology. Classification of compound flour prepared on the basis of local varieties of lentils. The chemical composition was studied separately for each variety and the effect of composite flour on quality indicators was analyzed.

Physico-chemical analysis of pekmez products made from grape varieties grown in the conditions of Uzbekistan

This article presents the results of a study on the physical and chemical properties of pekmez products made from technical grape varieties grown in soil and climate conditions of the Parkent district of the Tashkent region. In the study, physico-chemical properties including water-soluble dry matter content (°Bx), pH level, titratable acidity, density, ash content, 5 phenolic compounds and active antioxidant content of pekmez obtained from technical grape varieties “Saperavi” (black-colored), “Hindogi” (black-colored), “Soyaki” (white-colored), “Bayan Shirey” (white-colored), “Muskat Rozovy” (pink-colored), “Morastel” (black-colored) were determined. According to the results of the analysis, the amount of water-soluble dry matter in the pekmez samples obtained from different grape varieties was in the range of 69.33-74.40%, the pH level was between 4.34-5.70, and the titratable acidity was 0.65-0.75 (gr-100gr/l) was determined that the total ash content was in the range of 1.40-3.30 (g/cm3). The amount of phenolic compounds preserved after thermal processing, including caffeic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumarinic acid, ellagic acid and active antioxidant, have also been analyzed. Among the studied acids, caffeic acid was the most abundant (9.10-11.40 mg/kg−1). Gallic acid (1.0-1.66), ferulic acid (0.70-2.10), p-coumarinic acid (0.68-2.67) and ellagic acid (0.20-0.40) tended to decrease during heat treatment. The highest antioxidant activity (66-68 µmol TE g/1) was recorded in black grape varieties, this indicator of pekmez made from white varieties was slightly lower (54-59 µmol TE g/1), the antioxidant activity of pink grape varieties had an intermediate expression (57.55 µmol TE g/1).

Size-mass indicators of soybean grown in Uzbekistan

In Uzbekistan, soybean is planted as a main crop in early Spring and as a follow-up crop after wheat in Summer. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, the height of soybean grown as a main and repeated crop is 63-99 cm on average, depending on the species and cultivation techniques, the diameter of the stems in the lower part is 4.1-7.1 mm on average, and it is higher in “Oyjamol” and “Amigo” sorts planted in the early period, after wheat and it was lower in the Selekta-201 sort planted as a repeated crop. It was found that the pod placement height was higher than 15 cm in the “Oyjamol” and “Amigo” sorts, while it was 6 cm in the Selekta-201 species , and this indicated the need to set the combine harvester height lower. It was found that the average number of pods in one bush of soybean is 21.0 - 29.8 pieces, the number of grains in a pod is 2-3 pieces, and the ratio of grain to stem is in the range of 1:1 - 1:1.8. This showed that the “Oyjamol” and “Amigo” species planted in the early periods have more grain and stem content than the Selekta-201 sort planted as a repeated crop.

Ecological and Faunistic Features of Helminths in Cattle in Uzbekistan

This article involves the fauna and ecological features of helminths of cattle in various biocenoses of Uzbekistan. Based on many years of our own research and analysis of literature data, 71 species of helminths were identified in cattle of Uzbekistan, of which 12 species belong to the class of cestodes, 12 species to trematodes and 47 species to nematodes. Of the 71 species of helminths identified in cattle of the Republic, 1 species (Stephanofilaria assamensis) was noted by us for the first time in the CIS and 11 species (Moniezia alba, Trichocephalus globulosa, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Cooperia punctate, C. pectinata, Grosspiculagia occidentalis, Nematodirus abnormalis, N. spathiger, Stephanofilaria assamensis, Thelazia skrjabini) in Uzbekistan. Among the identified parasitic worms of cattle in Uzbekistan, 37 species develop in a direct way, i.e. they develop without the participation of intermediate hosts. The remaining 34 species of helminths develop with the participation of intermediate and additional hosts. Their intermediate and additional hosts are freshwater and land mollusks, oribatid mites, grasshoppers, ants, dipterous insects, predatory mammals, and humans. Also, it was determined that of the 71 species of helminths Paramphistomum ichikawai, Taeniarhynchus saginatus, Trichocephalus globulosa, Aonchotheca bovis, Thelazia rhodesi, Th. gulosa, Th. skrjabini, Th. Petrovi, Onchocerca lienalis, Stephanofilaria stilesi and S. assamensis parasitize only cattle. Under the conditions of Uzbekistan, the total infection of cattle with helminths is 94.3%. At the same time, in some regions of Uzbekistan, infection of cattle with trematodes ranges from -34.0 to 66.6%, cestodes from 17.6 to 45.1% and nematodes from 70.0 % to 93.5 %. Among the widespread helminthiases of cattle that adversely affect their productivity are monieziosis, fascioliasis, paramphistomidiasis, trichuriasis, hemonchosis, parabronemiasis, thelaziosis, stephanofilariasis and other helminthiases.

The bioecological features of some species of the Cupressaceae introduced in the conditions of Tashkent City, Uzbekistan

Abstract. Temirov EE, Rakhimova NK. 2022. The bioecological features of some species of the Cupressaceae introduced in the conditions of Tashkent City, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 23: 5532-5538. For the first time, monitoring of the current state of previously introduced 19 species and 10 forms of the Cupressaceae family was carried out. Four species and five forms selected among them are distinguished by high decorativeness. The studied species and forms differ in the duration of the virginal period. Under the conditions of Uzbekistan, in forms of the genus Platycladus it lasts 4-5 years, in forms of the genus Thuja - 6-8 years, in the genera Chamaecyparis and Juniperus 6-9 years. The maximum growth and development indices under the conditions of Tashkent were observed in Platycladus orientalis f. compacta (East Asia), and the smallest ones are found in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (North America) and Juniperus squamata (Western China). Seed germination in forms of the genus Platycladus under laboratory conditions is 56-78% (optimal temperature 20-22°C), in forms of the genus Thuja 31-46%, in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana - 21% (optimal temperature 28-29°C), the maximum rate of seed germination in the field was noted in Platycladus orientalis f. compacta (90-95%), and the minimum is Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (6-8%). For the first time, the possibility of vegetative reproduction in open ground with a rooting rate of cuttings up to 95% has been shown. Vegetative propagation gives effective results compared to a seed. For the first time in Uzbekistan, such a study was conducted on conifers, until now, no one has previously studied the biological characteristics of Conifers within the country.

SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT FOR THE EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE SOYBEANS IN UZBEKISTAN

Vegetable soybeans are non-traditional crop in the Uzbekistan. The universality of the use of this crop testifies to its potential and value for agriculture, since cultivated soybeans are a food, technical, oilseed, fodder and siderate crop. The article describes the data for the production of high-quality seeds of vegetable soybeans in the conditions of Uzbekistan. It is necessary to comply with the rules of seed production, including individual and group selection in primary seed production and mass selection of elite seed production. It is necessary to select plants with a high yield of beans and well-ripened full-fledged seeds, the selection of beans with pronounced and corresponding to the variety morphological features.

Effective use of motor oil resources of the tractor of the company “Claas” in the conditions of Uzbekistan

AnnotationThe article describes in detail the reliable operation of modern high-performance and complex “CLAAS” techniques, the correct selection of lubricants and compliance with the optimal operating procedure, as well as the results of the analysis of friction elements of motor oils. It is necessary to compare the quality indicators determined on the basis of research and the concentration of friction elements in the oil with standard values. In order to determine the recommended engine oil change intervals in the engines of CLAAS tractors, it is necessary to determine their quality indicators and the concentration of friction elements in the oil. In order to maintain the performance of the oil, it is recommended to add additives during operation. Study of wear conditions of oils used in internal combustion engines. Determination and justification of the limit working life of oils used in internal combustion engines. Study and justification of properties of interchangeable oils used in internal combustion engines. It is necessary to develop scientific justification and recommendations for increasing the service life of the oils used in internal combustion engines.