Related Concepts Research Articles

Biogeography of Greater Antillean freshwater fishes, with a review of competing hypotheses.

In biogeography, vicariance and long-distance dispersal are often characterised as competing scenarios. However, they are related concepts, both relying on collective geological, ecological, and phylogenetic evidence. This is illustrated by freshwater fishes, which may immigrate to islands either when freshwater connections are temporarily present and later severed (vicariance), or by unusual means when ocean gaps are crossed (long-distance dispersal). Marine barriers have a strong filtering effect on freshwater fishes, limiting immigrants to those most capable of oceanic dispersal. The roles of vicariance and dispersal are debated for freshwater fishes of the Greater Antilles. We review three active hypotheses [Cretaceous vicariance, Greater Antilles-Aves Ridge (GAARlandia), long-distance dispersal] and propose long-distance dispersal to be an appropriate model due to limited support for freshwater fish use of landspans. Greater Antillean freshwater fishes have six potential source bioregions (defined from faunal similarity): Northern Gulf of México, Western Gulf of México, Maya Terrane, Chortís Block, Eastern Panamá, and Northern South America. Faunas of the Greater Antilles are composed of taxa immigrating from many of these bioregions, but there is strong compositional disharmony between island and mainland fish faunas (>90% of Antillean species are cyprinodontiforms, compared to <10% in Northern Gulf of México and Northern South America, and ≤50% elsewhere), consistent with a hypothesis of long-distance dispersal. Ancestral-area reconstruction analysis indicates there were 16 or 17 immigration events over the last 51 million years, 14 or 15 of these by cyprinodontiforms. Published divergence estimates and evidence available for each immigration event suggests they occurred at different times and by different pathways, possibly with rafts of vegetation discharged from rivers or washed to sea during storms. If so, ocean currents likely provide critical pathways for immigration when flowing from one landmass to another. On the other hand, currents create dispersal barriers when flowing perpendicularly between landmasses. In addition to high salinity tolerance, cyprinodontiforms collectively display a variety of adaptations that could enhance their ability to live with rafts (small body size, viviparity, low metabolism, amphibiousness, diapause, self-fertilisation). These adaptations likely also helped immigrants establish island populations after arrival and to persist long term thereafter. Cichlids may have used a pseudo bridge (Nicaragua Rise) to reach the Greater Antilles. Gars (Lepisosteidae) may have crossed the Straits of Florida to Cuba, a relatively short crossing that is not a barrier to gene flow for several cyprinodontiform immigrants. Indeed, widespread distributions of Quaternary migrants (Cyprinodon, Gambusia, Kryptolebias), within the Greater Antilles and among neighbouring bioregions, imply that long-distance dispersal is not necessarily inhibitory for well-adapted species, even though it appears to be virtually impossible for all other freshwater fishes.

Transdiagnostic clustering of self-schema from self-referential judgements identifies subtypes of healthy personality and depression.

The heterogeneity of depressive and anxiety disorders complicates clinical management as it may account for differences in trajectory and treatment response. Self-schemas, which can be determined by Self-Referential Judgements (SRJs), are heterogeneous yet stable. SRJs have been used to characterize personality in the general population and shown to be prognostic in depressive and anxiety disorders. In this study, we used SRJs from a Self-Referential Encoding Task (SRET) to identify clusters from a clinical sample of 119 patients recruited from the Institute of Mental Health presenting with depressive or anxiety symptoms and a non-clinical sample of 115 healthy adults. The generated clusters were examined in terms of most endorsed words, cross-sample correspondence, association with depressive symptoms and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire and diagnostic category. We identify a 5-cluster solution in each sample and a 7-cluster solution in the combined sample. When perturbed, metrics such as optimum cluster number, criterion value, likelihood, DBI and CHI remained stable and cluster centers appeared stable when using BIC or ICL as criteria. Top endorsed words in clusters were meaningful across theoretical frameworks from personality, psychodynamic concepts of relatedness and self-definition, and valence in self-referential processing. The clinical clusters were labeled "Neurotic" (C1), "Extraverted" (C2), "Anxious to please" (C3), "Self-critical" (C4), "Conscientious" (C5). The non-clinical clusters were labeled "Self-confident" (N1), "Low endorsement" (N2), "Non-neurotic" (N3), "Neurotic" (N4), "High endorsement" (N5). The combined clusters were labeled "Self-confident" (NC1), "Externalising" (NC2), "Neurotic" (NC3), "Secure" (NC4), "Low endorsement" (NC5), "High endorsement" (NC6), "Self-critical" (NC7). Cluster differences were observed in endorsement of positive and negative words, latency biases, recall biases, depressive symptoms, frequency of depressive disorders and self-criticism. Overall, clusters endorsing more negative words tended to endorse fewer positive words, showed more negative biases in reaction time and negative recall bias, reported more severe depressive symptoms and a higher frequency of depressive disorders and more self-criticism in the clinical population. SRJ-based clustering represents a novel transdiagnostic framework for subgrouping patients with depressive and anxiety symptoms that may support the future translation of the science of self-referential processing, personality and psychodynamic concepts of self-definition to clinical applications.

Pairing a bioinformatics-focused course-based undergraduate research experience with specifications grading in an introductory biology classroom.

Introducing bioinformatics-focused concepts and skills in a biology classroom is difficult, especially in introductory biology classrooms. Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) facilitate this process, introducing genomics and bioinformatics through authentic research experiences, but the many learning objectives needed in scientific research and communication, foundational biology concepts, and bioinformatics-focused concepts and skills can make the process challenging. Here, the pairing of specifications grading with a bioinformatics-focused CURE developed by the Genomics Education Partnership is described. The study examines how the course structure with specifications grading facilitated scaffolding of writing assignments, group work, and metacognitive activities; and describes the synergies between CUREs and specifications grading. CUREs require mastery of related concepts and skills for working through the research process, utilize common research practices of revision and iteration, and encourage a growth mindset to learning-all of which are heavily incentivized in assessment practices focused on specifications grading.

Paramedics as Researchers: A Systematic Review of Paramedic Perspectives of Engaging in Research Activity From Training to Practice

BackgroundThe need for a stronger evidence-base in paramedicine has precipitated a rapid development of prehospital research agendas. Paramedics are increasingly involved in research, leading to changes in their role. Yet, the integration of research responsibilities has proven to be challenging, resulting in varying attitudes and levels of engagement. ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to explore paramedics’ views and experiences of research as researchers during training and within practice. MethodsA systematic search was performed across six databases. Qualitative empirical peer-reviewed articles that discussed paramedic perspectives on engaging with research activity were included. Of 10,594 articles identified initially, 11 were included in the final synthesis after quality appraisal. Data were extracted and subjected to narrative synthesis. ResultsThe following four themes were identified: motivation to engage, moral dilemmas, structural issues within the profession, and reflections on trial involvement. Attitudes toward research, understanding of related concepts, and the drive for patient benefit were interwoven core issues. ConclusionsResearch was highly valued when links to patient benefit were obvious, however, this review highlights some cultural resistance to research, particularly regarding informed consent and changes to standard practice. Paramedic research methods training should provide structured opportunities to explore concerns and emphasize the role of research in developing a high-quality evidence base to underpin safe practice. Currently, there is inadequate organizational support for paramedics to engage effectively in research activity, with minimal allocations of time, training, and remuneration. Without properly integrating research activity into the paramedic role, their capacity to engage with research activity is limited.

Monitoring SDG 4.7: Assessing Education for Sustainable Development in policies, curricula, training of educators and student assessment (input‐indicator)

AbstractEducation is viewed as a critical keystone in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is meant to enable everyone to contribute to sustainable development (SDG 4.7). This target is monitored using the global indicator 4.7.1 – mainstreaming of ESD in policies, curricula, training of educators and student assessment. Here, we offer a conceptual and methodological framework for assessments of SDG 4.7.1 (input‐level) that addresses both quality and depth of implementation and speed of change. The approach combines document analysis with external expert evaluation and is applied to 10‐year data (&gt;11,000 documents) from all formal areas of education in Germany (early childhood education, school education, vocational education and training, higher education). Currently, ESD is mostly implemented in Germany as an “add‐on” to the educational system, with all sub‐indicators ranging from “isolated mentioning” of ESD and related concepts to “partial integration”. Across most areas of education, the sub‐indicator training of educators was evaluated as most deficient. With regard to the speed of change, it was found that the implementation of ESD is dynamic, with all sub‐indicators having been evaluated as increasing. The proposed framework can increase the validity, reliability, and comparability of both country reporting and scientific assessments of SDG 4.7.1. We argue for independent and integrative monitoring across input, process, output and outcome to complement self‐reporting and to support evidence‐informed policymaking on sustainability in education.

Adaptive Traffic Control Using Cooperative Communication Through Visible Light

The study aims to create a Visible-Light Communication (VLC) system for secure vehicle management at intersections. This involves enabling communication between vehicles and infrastructure (V2V, V2I, and I2V) using headlights, streetlights, and traffic signals. Mobile optical receivers gather data, determine their location, and read transmitted information through joint transmission. An intersection manager coordinates traffic and communicates with vehicles through embedded Driver Agents. The system utilizes a "mesh/cellular" hybrid network configuration and encodes data into light signals emitted by transmitters. Optical sensors and filtering properties enable reception and decoding. The study demonstrates bidirectional communication, employing queue/request/response mechanisms and relative pose concepts for safe vehicle passage. A deep reinforcement learning model controls traffic light cycles, validated via simulation in a Simulation of Urban Mobility simulator. Results show that this adaptive traffic control system effectively collects detailed vehicle data and ensures secure communication within the short-range mesh network.

A serious game approach for lake modeling and management: The EscapeBLOOM

Environmental models are valuable tools, yet, communication about model procedures and results between modelers and non-modelers is complicated by different levels of understanding. Game design may help to bridge this gap through learning by playing. Here we present the “EscapeBLOOM”, a digital “Escape Room” in which teams aim to save a lake from a harmful algal bloom while learning about lake models. The game consists of multiple puzzles reflecting the process and choices made by professional modelers in a specific lake management case. We show that the EscapeBLOOM has been positively received in multiple countries and cultures, and significantly contributed to perceived learning on lake modeling and nutrient management by non-modelers. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of our serious game to introduce models and related concepts. We envision that our serious game approach can inspire others to create their own “Escape-game” to aid the communication of environmental modeling cases.

Otoritas Ibn 'Asyur dalam Al-Tahrir Wa Al-Tanwir sebagai Pembentuk Wacana dalam Dunia Tafsir (Studi Pendekatan Michel Foucault)

This study aims to explore aspects of Ibn 'Asyur's authority in the tafsir al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir as a discourse shaper in the scientific world of Qur'anic interpretation. This type of research is library research with descriptive-analytical method. The approach to be used to achieve the research objectives is the archaeology of knowledge approach initiated by Michel Foucault in the concept of power and knowledge relations. The result of this research is that Ibn 'Asyur's tafsir al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir has an important authority in the scientific world of tafsir. This is characterized by several things. First, the complexity of Ibn 'Asyur descriptions that contain various opinions of scholars without favoring one opinion with another opinion without rational reasons creates new developments in the science of interpretation. This creates its own authority because it is able to release the tendency of laziness by moving to the aspect of rationality. Second, his expertise in the field of maqashid al-syari'ah makes him able to understand the differences in each of the arguments of the scholars of different schools and sometimes seem contradictory. With such insight, Ibn 'Asyur was able to escape the subjetivity of the madhhab and chose to be objective by containing all opinions.

Case Article—Locating a Truck Terminal in Texas

This case study introduces students to the decision-making process of a facility location problem and requires them to apply appropriate methods to recommend a desirable terminal location for CBT, a transportation provider in the United States. In response to the increasing number of drivers in the Texas market, CBT explored different options to better serve the rising demand, including a new and second terminal in a different geographic area. Students employ multi-criteria decision-making framework and optimization modeling to support their analysis using empirical data. While students use provided data to solve the problem in the base case, they need to research various publicly available databases in the case extension. This case can be used in undergraduate courses in logistics, transportation, operations, and supply chain management to apply facility location related concepts, or in a business analytics course to illustrate optimization modeling in a real-world context. Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0042ca . The Teaching Note is available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .

A unified theory for granular matter

Developing a unified theory to describe granular matter, which can behave like either solid or fluid, is one of the grand challenges in modern science. This is mainly because the current theories, rooted in different origins, interpret granular matter from disparate perspectives and are hard to merge. In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to generate such a generic theory by bridging the elastoplastic theory of solids with the rheological law of granular flow. The proposed theory or mathematical model can well explain the avalanching behaviours occurring in solid-fluid phase transition, and other related concepts such as interparticle interlocking, dilatancy, hysteresis, scaling law, and flow regimes in describing granular matter. Its applicability is tested in a variety of granular systems where solid- and fluid-like states coexist. This work therefore offers a simple but general theory to describe granular matter in a unified way.

Internet financial innovation and financial risk prevention

With the rapid development of e-commerce, the application of Internet technology has promoted the circulation of commodities and domestic consumption. However, with the development of Internet finance, there are also many unforeseen risks that traditional finance can not foresee. Therefore, at the same time of development, it is necessary to do a good job of regulation and prevention to ensure the healthy development of Internet finance. We must carefully sort out the impact of Internet finance on Chinese enterprises and the impact of traditional models, learn from the advanced concepts and models of Internet finance, constantly innovate and develop, improve business competitiveness, and consolidate our competitive position. This paper introduces the related concepts of Internet finance, analyzes the innovation bottleneck of Internet finance, and finally studies the countermeasures to solve the innovation bottleneck of Internet finance.

“Everything Arrives Energetically, at First”

ABSTRACT New narratives can emerge and arrive when categories and concepts can be radically reimagined. This essay is a collection of notes that play with the concept of object relations, considering the presence of non-object relations, which may appear in the form of vibration and/or sound. As a way of offering the reader examples and possibilities for non-object relations, these notes draw on theories of classical Chinese medicine, the concept of the fade-out in music, and the performance style of Pansori, a traditional form of Korean music.

Hölderlin’s Heraclitean Canon

This essay argues that Hölderlin develops a new understanding of canonicity by way of related concepts such as law, measure, and harmony. The final version of his novel Hyperion “bends” the straight rule of the canon—the metaphor underlying the notion of a literary canon—against itself, transforming it into a Heraclitean bow: a dynamic play of conflicting tones or voices. Diotima, the novel’s female protagonist, has an especially important role in this transformation: not simply through her diffuse physical beauty, which flows out into her surroundings rather than being concentrated into a plastic form, but through her voice and above all her words, which correct Hyperion’s own Platonizing interpretation of the Heraclitean doctrine—an interpretation that tries to conceive of the discordant unity as visual rather than radically acoustic and musical. This counter-Platonic reading of Heraclitus contributes to the political radicalness of Hölderlin’s novel, which regards the agonistic polis, ultimately extended to include the relationship between human beings and nature, as itself representing the highest unity.

The integrative potential of contemporary perspectives on the nature/culture conceptual relationship

In this paper, I analyze and compare Maria Kronfeldner?s and Tim Ingold?s views on the conceptual relationship between nature and culture. I show that despite the differences, their views remain close, particularly in terms of their integrative potential. The ultimate purpose of this examination is to lay the groundwork for further research on the problem of conceptual integration between sociocultural anthropology and evolutionary psychology. The paper comprises four main sections. First, I briefly explore the history of Darwinism to show how nature and culture were conceptualized within this framework. Second, I deal with Kronfeldner?s separationist stance and Ingold?s holistic perspective on the nature/ culture conceptual relationship. Third, I discuss the implications of their views on the choice of research heuristics in the sciences that study human nature and cultures. While I interpret Ingold as supporting methodological integration, Kronfelder argues for a version of integrative pluralism. Lastly, I provide an outlook for further discussions on conceptual integration and integrative pluralism.

FROM THE SEARCH FOR A NEW IDEOLOGY TO THE VALUES OF CULTURE, EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING

The article deals with the search for a new ideology or national idea as a superstructure to the values of culture, education and upbringing. The importance of sovereign thinking in culture and education is emphasized, the cor- relation of the concepts of «culture» and «intelligence» is considered. The humanitarian aspect of education related to the allocation of the ideological component as part of the national culture is presented. The essence of three inter- related concepts is revealed: identity, worldview, ideology. The present period is the renaissance of Russian society, reflected in the Decree on Values. Human capital is the main resource of the country, therefore, the education of a good person requires the search for a new methodology, pedagogical tools and technologies.

SOCIAL ORIENTATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A UNIVERSITY TEACHER

The article is devoted to the development of the social personality of a university teacher, the essence and the content of it. The authors explain the concept in relation to the development of the worldview of a university teacher and the teaching professional activity. It forms the basis of taking, keeping and involving personalities into the educational process with the meanings and values of the national culture. The teacher realizes the state social mission as the service to Motherland.

On the Epistemological Foundations and Issues of the Modern Legal Understanding Doctrine

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis and understanding of existing epistemological approaches to the study of legal understanding. The paper reveals modern doctrinal concepts in relation to the definition of the category “legal understanding”, its ontological, axiological and problematic aspects, provides and critically analyzes some methodological approaches to the organization of the content of the legal understanding doctrine. In particular, the author focuses on the theoretical characteristics of such ontological categories of legal understanding as the essence and definition of the concept of law, considered as its internal content and complete (idealized) form, their axiological problem and epistemological positioning in the structure of modern legal knowledge. From the standpoint of general scientific methods and requirements, the idea of the inadmissibility of ignoring the objective system- and structure-forming properties of these ontological categories, their universal (global) significance and the need to exclude their multivariance (multiplicity) is substantiated.It is concluded that the theory of legal understanding represents the fundamental direction of legal science for developing reliable, objective, and substantiated knowledge about the essence and understanding of law. The theory of legal understanding should be determined by specific (strict) requirements of scientific rationality, such as finding objective laws of change and development of law, establishing its essence, creating an idealized theoretical construct (concept definition) of law, and development of scientific foresight and forecasting of the future of law, etc.

Applications of the Balanced Scorecard concept in relation to social development

Applications of the Balanced Scorecard concept in relation to social development

EVOLUTION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE NOTION IN RELATION TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING OF STUDENTS AT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES

The article deals with the evolution of the «communicative competence» concept in relation to foreign language training of students at technical universities. The presented definitions show a gradual transition from understand- ing this concept solely from the perspective of linguistic and intercultural competences to understanding the impor- tance of the professional component in the structure of this competence.

“Reescrevendo a psicanálise à luz dos princípios etológicos”: sobre a pertinência da Teoria do Apego ao Campo Psicanalítico

Attachment theory is extremely important today, not only within psychology, but also in several other fields, such as psychiatry. John Bowlby, its creator, stated several times that his main theoretical basis was the work of Freud. However, the conceptual relationship between psychoanalysis and attachment theory is not universally agreed upon among researchers. In this article, we try to contribute to this discussion by analyzing Bowlby’s vocabulary, or rather, by analyzing the evolution of his vocabulary. If this author used a Freudian, psychoanalytic terminology until the end of the 1950s, by the end of the 1960s (when he began to publish his famous trilogy) there was no longer any trace of Freudian vocabulary in his work. Is belonging to a discursive field sustainable under these conditions?