Concept Of Class Research Articles

Open Marxism, social class, and social and political movements

Open Marxists argue that capitalist society is mediated through forms of alienated and dispossessed labour from the means of production. For Open Marxists, then, labour is fluid in its constitution because it is constantly struggling to various degrees in and against its alienated and dispossessed capitalist form. Static sociological concepts of social class therefore cannot fully grasp this fluid and antagonistic relationship between labour and capital. In this paper, we agree that the starting point for an analysis of class under capitalism is the dispossession of labour from its means of production. But we further argue that even at this relatively high level of theoretical analysis, it is still possible to isolate a more complex account of social class than many Open Marxists would accept. We then employ this alternative class perspective to highlight some weaknesses in respective Open Marxist accounts of class and social and political movements. Following these critical observations, and with the theoretical assistance of Gramscian analysis, we demonstrate how Open Marxism can develop a more robust account of the class nature of contemporary social and political movements.

On the Differentiation of Integrals in Measure Spaces Along Filters

It is known that the study of the boundary behavior of (harmonic or) holomorphic functions, to which N. Sibony has contributed with penetrating work, is linked to the differentiation of integrals. In 1936, R. de Possel observed that, in the general setting of a measure space with no metric structure, certain phenomena, relative to the differentiation of integrals, which are familiar in the Euclidean setting precisely because of the presence of a metric, are devoid of actual meaning. In the first part of this work, we introduce the concept of functional convergence class that provides a unifying framework for various limiting processes and enables us to establish a hierarchy between them, and show that, within this hierarchy, the notion of filter (introduced by H. Cartan just a year after De Possel’s contribution) occupies the position of wider scope. In the second part of this work, we show how to reformulate some of the contributions of de Possel in the language of filters.

Interrogating the Cultural Diversity and Livelihood of Tribal People on YouTube: A Case Study of ‘Original Village Cooking’

The article seeks to examine the role of ‘Original Village Cooking’, a YouTube channel, in upholding the diversity of particularly those Scheduled Tribe people whom they represent and their culture by highlighting the selective lifestyle of those people as cultural diversity. Moreover, this study examines the role of YouTube in empowering the marginalised section of India, and it looks particularly at the living conditions of tribal people. This article deploys McKenzie Wark’s (2021) concept of the vectoralist class and how these new emerging classes are changing the already established structures within ruling class dynamics. The article adopts the textual analysis method (that is, it reads YouTube videos as texts) as well as uses in-depth interviews. In the current article, tribal people’s depiction on YouTube can be divided into two broad sections: (a) Schedule Tribes of India: the question of diversity and inclusion on YouTube; and (b) digital labour and tribal empowerment: YouTube as a source of livelihood.

A Text-Mining and Bibliographic Analysis of the Economic Development Literature: 1959–2020

In this paper, I conducted a systematic review of the economic development literature from 1959 to 2020 to reveal the ebbs and flows of major research topics, combining the text mining technique with the bibliographic analysis. Topics such as “regional development” and “sustainable development” have gained importance over the decades, while “development strategy” has lost its prominent status. New topics such as “climate change” and “developing countries” have emerged in recent years. An analysis of the citation network reveals three distinctive research trajectories: One engages with the concepts of the creative class, human capital, clusters, and art and culture. Another centers around the topic of “regional development”, and a third, smaller group studies “new industrial district”. This study helps researchers understand the evolution of the roadmap in the field of economic development, properly situate their own work in the literature, identify influential citations, and discover novel research topics in need of further exploration.

Development of Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition Learning Model with Mind Mapping Method to Improve Students' Understanding of Mathematical Concepts

The development of the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method was based on the needs analysis results. The findings include that students' understanding of mathematical concepts is still not optimal, and teachers' selection of learning models is still not appropriate. The CIRC learning model applied in schools is still not optimal or has several shortcomings. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the development of the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts; (2) know the improvement of students' understanding of mathematical concepts who received the application of the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method; (3) knowing the difference in increasing students' understanding of mathematical concepts between those who received the application of the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method and those who received the application of the CIRC learning model; (4) knowing students' responses to the application of the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method. The results showed that: (1) the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method was included in the valid criteria and should be tested based on the product validation results. (2) there is an increase in students' understanding of mathematical concepts in the experimental class who get the application of the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method of 0.88 (high criteria). (3) there is a significant difference between the application of the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method and the application of the CIRC learning model to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts (4) The student response to the application of the CIRC learning model with the mind mapping method is 79% (very good) positive students (accept).

The grey matter of decolonial activism, or, socially engaged art as professional-managerial class

According to Yates McKee, socially engaged art reached its Situationist moment of sublation when the participants at the 2011 Creative Time Summit joined the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) protesters in Zuccotti Park. However, like the ‘Bernie Bro’ left and the Corbynistas, OWS was criticized for its ‘class reductionist’ focus on economic inequality. Through various affinity groups like Decolonize This Place (DTP) and actions like Strike MoMA, post-Occupy artists have increased their commitment to intersectional demands and the effort to decolonize museums. Making use of the Barbara and John Ehrenreich concept of the professional-managerial class (PMC), this article extends the PMC critique from the social democratic left to the realm of activist art, where the question of political representation is both assumed and avoided in calls for Black reparations and Indigenous restitution.

Efektivitas Pendekatan Contekstual Teaching and Learning terhadap Penguasaan Konsep Akuntansi

This study aims to determine the effect of the Contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach with modeling on the mastery of accounting concepts in class XII MA MA NW Keruak. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research method that provides treatment to the experimental group, considering that the data in this study do not exist properly, it is necessary to carry out an experiment or treatment to bring up the data. The population in this study were all students of class XII MA NW Keruak with a total sample of 54 students consisting of 2 classes where the experimental class was class XIIa, totaling 29 students, class XIIa. As for the control class, there were 26 students in class XIIb. Data collection techniques using questionnaires/tests, observation and documentation. The results showed that the ability to understand accounting concepts using the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach was higher than mastering accounting concepts without using the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach with modeling as seen from the average score obtained by students. In this study, the results of the analysis showed that the experimental group achieved a higher average score than the control group. This shows that the use of the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach has a positive and significant effect on the mastery of accounting concepts in class XII MA NW Keruak with the rejection rate limit being below or smaller than the t count or 6.28> 2.08 which means shows that there is a significant influence on the mastery of accounting concepts by using a contextual teaching and learning approach.

The Influence of Quantum Teaching Learning Approach on Science Activities of Elementary School Students

This study aimed to determine the effect of the quantum teaching approach on student learning activities on homogeneous and heterogeneous mixed materials. This study uses a quasi-experimental design method. The research design used in this study is a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study were all students of class VA and VB, as many as 62 students, while the sample in this study was class VA as the experimental class, as many as 30 students and class VB, as many as 32 students. They collected data using observation sheets, test sheets, and documentation—analysis of student learning activity data using the percentage formula and t-test. The results of data analysis show that the average student learning activity in the experimental class using the quantum teaching approach is classified as very active with a percentage value of 81%, and the average student learning activity in the control class with a conventional learning approach is classified as active with a percentage value of 72%. Thus, it can be concluded that the quantum teaching approach has a significant influence on science learning activities with homogeneous and heterogeneous mixed concepts for class V of the Mandai State Elementary School, Makassar City.

PENINGKATAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT (TIMES GAMES TOURNAMENT) PADA MATERI SISTEM SARAF DI SMA YABUJAH INDRAMAYU TAHUN 2020/2021

The reality in the field shows that student learning activities are still low, low learning activities can affect the mastery of student concepts, low student participation when teaching and learning activities, students are less enthusiastic about the delivery of teaching materials conducted by teachers (models / methods do not vary), student motivation in learning is still low. Learning objectives can be in the form of an increase in mastery of concepts and an increase in student learning activities or an increase in other potential students have. The application of the TGT Cooperative Learning Model (Times Games Tournament) is expected to be a solution for solving passive learning problems. The results showed: students' mastery of concepts increased after applying the TGT model, this can be evidenced by the difference in the pre-test average value of 40.8 and the post-test average value of 74.3. In addition there are differences in the mastery of the concept of the experimental class and the control class. Measurement of learning activities of control class students get the highest value on the listening activities indicator while in the experimental class the highest indicator leads to emotional activities. The implementation of the TGT (Teams Games Tournament) cooperative learning model to improve the mastery of concepts and student learning activities as a whole can be carried out well and can facilitate learning activities. The application of the TGT cooperative learning model gets a positive response from students

Supporting Concept Teaching with Activities in Primary School Third Grade Life Science Course

This research aims to support the "teaching of concepts" in the 3rd grade Life Science Course with activities. A quasi-experimental design (selective) with a pre-test and post-test control group, one of the quantitative research designs, was used in the research. Using songs, poems, rhymes, acrostics, stories, fairy tales, riddles/puzzles, animations, and traditional children's games, the experimental group's success in acquiring certain concepts from the third-grade life science course was enhanced by developing and implementing the above activities. Research data were collected with the "Concept Achievement Test" developed by the researcher by quantitative research data collection techniques. In the data analysis, arithmetic means were used to determine the academic success of the experimental and control groups. The Independent Sample t-Test was used for comparisons between groups. As a result of the research, there was a considerable achievement gap between the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group performing significantly better. According to these results, activities structured with songs, poems, nursery rhymes, acrostics, stories, fairy tales, puzzles/riddles, animations, and traditional children's games significantly impact student success in teaching concepts in third-grade elementary school biology classes. These activities apparently increase student success rates and are useful in this regard.

Word Use Equivalence and Hierarchical Word Tiers

ABSTRACT A ranked word list provides information about the position of each word in the list. However, retaining and employing the measure used to generate the ranked list can yield additional information about the words. If denotes the prevalence of a word in a corpus, then not only can the values of be ordered, their values can be compared to one another, and words having similar values can be grouped together into equivalence classes. Measures of word prevalence include mean text frequency, the dispersion of words across texts in a corpus, or a measure that combines frequency and dispersion. In this paper, we examine the concepts of word equivalence classes and hierarchical word tiers and apply these concepts to the words in the British National Corpus (BNC). Hierarchical word tiers can be constructed without the knowledge of all pairwise comparisons of the words under study. By grouping words that have similar values of prevalence, the ranked ordered list reduces to an informative set of hierarchical word tiers where each tier contains words that are similar to one another in terms of their use in the corpus.

Labour, capital and the struggle over history: Reconstructing Marxist class theory from the standpoint of alienation

During the last decade, class analysis has been re-invigorated as a response to increasing economic inequality, social fragmentation and political unrest. Somewhat paradoxically, however, the perspective that has traditionally been most associated with class analysis – Marxism – has largely been absent from these debates. This article reconstructs Marxist class analysis by considering the previously unexplored relationship between social class and alienation. Incorporating insights from alienation theory, we argue, allows for an expanded conception of class that avoids economism while also retaining the distinctness of Marxist theory as compared to other approaches. Our central argument is that Marxist class analysis cannot be reduced to an explanation of economic inequality but must instead be seen as a struggle over the conditions of social development. We conclude by demonstrating the theoretical, empirical and political implications of our analysis and by arguing for a shift in the politics of class from inequality to unfreedom.

On the Dichotomy of the Elegant and the Popular

The theoretical dichotomy of the elegant (ya) and the popular or common (su) has a long history and many branches, provoking Babel-like confusion of tongues. Both have their own aesthetic origins, and each is interpreted in relation to sociological categories such as social class and social strata. No abstract and absolute definition of the two concepts exists. The yayue (formal ceremonial music) of ancient China is an important early example of the elegant or refined, whereas the popular usually prevails at the lower levels of mass society. In the course of history, the accumulation of professional knowledge, selected classics, avant garde “art for art’s sake,” and leisure class activities have often been considered “elegant,” while the experience of the masses, folk revelry, and the content of mass media have been considered “popular.” In modern literary history, the concepts of enlightenment and class were drawn into the dichotomy of the elegant and the popular in different ways. In Chinese culture in the second half of the twentieth century, this dichotomy began to be reorganized around the notions of “art” and “commodity.” The reconceptualization of elegance and popularity at each stage of history has often indicated a reconnection between aesthetic tastes and history. In this sense, the differentiation of elegance and popularity has always testified to culture’s participation in history.

The Communist Manifesto in Indonesia

This article offers a new perspective on the reception of Marxism in Indonesia by examining the first Malay translations of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1923 and 1925. These translations, made from Dutch and German source texts, ‘domesticated’ the Manifesto by exchanging certain European terms for vernacular ones with greater resonance in the Indonesian context. They also introduced a wider Indonesian audience to Marxist class concepts, which offered a new international way of conceptualising political resistance, and terms from European philosophy and history. In the process, they broke down the barriers built up by Dutch colonial authorities to keep radical European political texts away from vernacular languages. After the failed communist uprisings of 1926–27, the increasingly intense colonial policing regime stifled further dissemination of the Manifesto, but translations of Marx and Engels’ text received a new lease of life during the Indonesian Revolution (1945–49) and in the postwar decades. The Communist Manifesto was suppressed once more under the anti-communist New Order regime which came to power in 1966 and reconstructed the barrier between radical European political thought and the Indonesian language that had been erected by the Dutch.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA

The aim of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in trigonometry material in class X Hospitality 2 SMK Negeri 1 Tasikmalaya. The method used in this research is the classroom action research method. The data collection techniques used are observation techniques and written test techniques. The population and sample in this study were 35 students of Class X Hospitality 2. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that student learning outcomes in trigonometry concepts in class at the beginning of cycle I was 32.80, the final test score was 75.80 and in cycle II the final test score was 81.40. This research concludes that the use of the jigsaw type cooperative learning model can improve the mathematics learning outcomes of trigonometry concepts in class X Hospitality 2 students at SMK Negeri 1 Tasikmalaya

Perception About Online Classes Specific to Discipline and Living Locality of Students

Online education has gained immense popularity among the working people and students pursuing higher education. Various renowned universities all over the world are offering online degrees and diplomas to all people through digital technologies. This enhances the concept of online classes due to the complete shutdown of educational institutions for an indefinite COVID-19 pandemic situation. Though the online classes are an immediate and emergency paradigm shifting in teaching and learning, it has certain drawbacks that concern the student to a larger extent. To examine the effects of online classes in terms of quality, comfort, and compatibility, this study analyzes the students' perception of various arts, science, and engineering colleges. Drawing on data from various students and its statistical test has inferred various challenges faced by the students with respect to their discipline and living locality. The result of statistical analysis recommends more improvisations and special considerations to the educational institutions to make this mode a viable solution.

Spatial and social im/mobility in forced migration: revisiting class

ABSTRACT This editorial makes the case for revisiting class in the context of forced migration. We argue that this is necessary to better grasp the inherent diversity of forced migrants. Forced-migration research has increasingly considered aspects of differentiation, such as race or gender. Yet, scholarly work on social class in this field remains scarce. We argue that forced migrants are wrongly homogenised as ‘poor’ or ‘class-less’, and show how class-related capitals and their transferability and convertibility remain important determinants of their spatial and social (im)mobility. We develop this angle by first giving an overview of the class concepts developed by Marx, Weber, and Bourdieu, and the ways the authors of this special issue employed these concepts. Building our arguments on the contributions to this special issue that engage in empirical analyses in diverse settings, we display how social class and the different forms of capital available to forced migrants influence their perception and capacity for spatial mobility. Moreover, we discuss how class at a given moment shapes forced migrants’ future social mobility in new settings. We conclude by highlighting the considerable variation in socio-economic backgrounds of forced migrants and discussing the effects of the categorisation as ‘refugee’.

An Intersectional Reading of Women's Access to Rural Land Ownership in Côte d'Ivoire

Women's access to land ownership in Côte d'Ivoire remains a challenge despite a multitude of legal and institutional arsenal favouring their access to land ownership. Moreover, Article 12 of the Ivorian Constitution reaffirms equal access to property for women and men. However, it is clear that the above-mentioned difficulties persist. What are the explanatory elements of land insecurity in rural areas for women? The legal and institutional elements alone are not sufficient to understand this work. Beyond the usual explanatory factors, a reading based on intersectionality allows for an in-depth analysis. In fact, this work first highlights the modes of land tenure and their recompositions, the modes of access and their recompositions, and the organisation of society structures access to land and agrarian practices. Since these elements alone are not sufficient to explain the existence of structural gaps and inequalities of access between women, the theory of intersectionality through the concepts of ethnicity, gender and class (social position and social capital that engenders mobilisable economic, social and political resources). The content analysis enabled the categorisation of women and highlighted the positionalities that facilitate or hinder their access to land ownership. In the end, this study showed that there are inequalities between women in access to land ownership insofar as those with low social capital cannot benefit from full access to their land rights, which confirms our central hypothesis that women's access to land ownership is a function of patrilineal and matrilineal societies and modes of land tenure and their recomposition, associated with the intersection of women's economic, social and political resources in Côte d'Ivoire.

Symbols of class: A computational analysis of class distinction-making through etiquette, 1922-2017

Social scientists of class and inequality have documented the rise of omnivorousness, informality, ordinariness, and emphasis on meritocracy. This apparent decline in class closure contrasts sharply with rising inequality and declining economic mobility. How are these competing developments reflected in everyday class distinction-making? In this article, we answer this question by applying Goffman's work on the symbols of class status to the analysis of unique data: a corpus of etiquette books published between 1922 and 2017. We use word embeddings to quantify the salience of six class concepts (affluence, cultivation, education, employment, morality, and status) in the corpus. We find that education and employment are increasingly salient while status, affluence, cultivation, and morality decline in their salience to class distinction-making. These results signal a decline of class operating as a status group through cultural closure, the rise of education and employment as the carriers of class in everyday life, and the corresponding legitimation of class position and class inequality based on supposedly meritocratic grounds. This research opens up new avenues for studies of class and the application of computational methods to investigations of social change.

Political Orientation of Middle Class in Naya Muluk

The research is focused on the political position of the middle-class in the selected area of Banke and Bardiya district. The objective of the research is to explore the middle-class formation process, its position, and the political orientation with its connection to caste/ ethnicity. It adopts the structuralist theory and the relative class power model. It has followed the mixed method of research. This study adopted the gradational concepts of class and measured them based on the self-perceived notion. Documentary resources, questionnaire surveys, and telephone interviews are used for data collection. Diversification of profession and tertiary activities, bureaucracy, expansion of education and activities of NGO/ INGO, adoption of privatization, and inclusive representation are major factors in the formation of the middle class. Middle-class people like to be more active in civil society and social organizations than in a political party. It opens the door to a new gateway of research on the middle class and helps to promote common values and a roadmap without exploitation and repression of the ruling class. Despite the postmodern claim of the death or irrelevance of class, the class concept is still relevant as an analytical factor and more as a source of political power. The new middle classes are focused on governance, service delivery, and transformation in addition to social justice, inclusion, and empowerment.