Composition Of Oil Research Articles

MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRY CHARACTERISTIC OF RAYA WATERSHED

The study of watershed morphology and land use patterns significantly affects hydrological processes and runoff coefficients, highlighting the quantitative nature of watershed characteristics. The Raya Watershed in West Kalimantan influences local communities and aims to enhance understanding of its physical attributes and hydrological dynamics through detailed analysis of topography, soil composition, land use, and river networks. Findings inform watershed management and conservation strategies. The analysis of the Raya Watershed, spanning 29,982.96 hectares (87.34% of total area) with elevations below 100 meters, reveals flat terrain vulnerable to flooding, particularly in low-lying or sea-level regions, exacerbated by limited natural drainage. Lower elevations support crucial wetland and floodplain ecosystems. Hydrological disruptions from land use changes and climate fluctuations can harm biodiversity and water quality. Effective land use planning is vital to address flood risk and environmental concerns, mitigating impacts like property damage and population displacement. Soil-type mapping informs conservation efforts, ensuring ecosystem resilience. Sustainable land management practices, guided by watershed characteristics like drain density and stream frequency, are essential to mitigate biodiversity loss and ecological imbalances.

Impact of chemical composition of soybean oil and vanillin-based photocross-linked polymers on parameters of electrochemical biosensors

Network properties on local free volume and biosensor parameters of polymers based on acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), a combination of AESO with vanillin dimethacrylate (VDM) in ratio 1:0.25 mol, and its combination with vanillin diacrylate (VDA) with the same molar ratio, used as laccase-holding matrixes for the construction of amperometric biosensors, were tested and compared. The formed polymer matrixes were investigated using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) as bulk samples and applying electrochemical methods as sensor films. PALS results showed that the lifetime of the ortho-positronium component and corresponding intensity are almost similar for both polymers, indicating no significant difference from the point of view of their morphology. However, the cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric analysis demonstrated significant differences in the bioelecrodes’ operational parameters formed by the AESO:VDM polymer compared to AESO:VDA. The AESO:VDA-based bioelectodes were characterized with a twice higher affinity toward ABTS (KMapp = 0.158 ± 0.022 mM vs. 0.326 ± 0.043 mM). At the same time, their sensitivity was about twice less compared to AESO:VDM-based (902 A·M−1·m−2vs. 1608 A·M−1·m−2), and a start concentration of the linear frame was 7-folds higher (14 μM vs. 2 μM ABTS). It was shown early, that the operational parameters of amperometric biosensors are greatly dependent on morphological characteristics of polymer matrixes (e.g., crosslink density, cavities size, thermal expansion of free-volume hole, etc.). The matrix morphology affects on efficacity of physical diffusion of the substrate to the enzyme, and electroactive product toward the electrode, as well as provides a comfortable environment for the incorporated enzyme. Here, we describe the usage of polymer matrixes with the same morphological properties but different chemical compositions, analyzing the effect of chemical structure on the operational parameters of biosensors. Thus, it was demonstrated that the sensor operational parameters depend not only on the morphological properties of the polymer holding matrixes, providing enzyme fixation and substrate/product diffusion, but also on their chemical composition, which opens a possibility to adapt the biosensor characteristics according to the required needs of analysis.

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria enhance microbial carbon utilization by modulating the microbial community composition in paddy soils of the Mollisols region

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (NFC) are photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms capable of nitrogen fixation. They can be used as biofertilizers in paddy fields, thereby improving the rice tillering capacity and yield. To reveal the microbiological mechanisms by which nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria alter soil carbon storage, we conducted a field experiment using NFC as a partial substitute for nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China's Mollisols region. Using metagenomic sequencing technology and Biolog Ecoplate™ carbon matrix metabolism measurements, we explored the changes in the soil microbial community structure and carbon utilization in paddy fields. The results indicated that the replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with NFC predisposed the soil microbial community to host a great number of copiotrophic bacterial taxa, and Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were closely associated with the metabolism of soil carbon sources. Moreover, through co-occurrence network analysis, we found that copiotrophic bacteria clustered in modules that were positively correlated with the metabolic level of carbon sources. The addition of NFC promoted the growth of copiotrophic bacteria, which increased the carbon utilization level of soil microorganisms, improved the diversity of the microbial communities, and had a potential impact on the soil carbon stock. The findings of this study are helpful for assessing the impact of NFC on the ecological function of soil microbial communities in paddy fields in the black soil area of Northeast China, which is highly important for promoting sustainable agricultural development and providing scientific reference for promoting the use of algal-derived nitrogen fertilizers.

Changes in Physiological Traits, Gene Expression and Phytochemical Profile of Mentha piperita in Response to Elicitor.

Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is a perennial medicinal plant containing active ingredients that can be used for treating liver and prostate cancers, acute respiratory infections, allergies, digestive problems, neuralgia, and migraines. The objective of this research is to investigate the expression of essential genes in the menthol pathway of Mentha piperita, including Pulegone reductase (Pr), Menthofuran synthase (Mfs), and limonene synthase (Ls) using qPCR, physiological analysis and essential oil composition in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (0.5mM) elicitation. Physiological analysis showed that 0.5mM MeJA triggers defensive responsiveness in Mentha piperita by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) enzymesactivity. The highest transcript levels of Pr and Mfs genes were observed during 8 and 12h after treatment respectively, but following 24h, they were down-regulated. Essential oil analysis indicated that the percentage of constituents in the essential oil was changed using MeJA at 48h and 96h after post-treatment. Effective antimicrobial compounds, α-pinene, β-pinene, linalool and methyl acetate, were induced after 48h. A non-significant positive relationship was detected between menthol content, and expression of the Pr and Mfs genes. Due to the significant change in the expression of Pr and Mfs genes in the menthol pathway, role of Pr gene in directing the pathway to the valuable compound menthol and deviation of the menthol pathway to the menthofuran as an undesirable component of essential oil by Mfs gene, it can be deduced that they are the most critical genes in response to MeJA treatment, which are appropriate candidates for metabolite engineering. In addition, MeJA improved defensive responsiveness and percentage of some constituents with antimicrobial properties in Mentha piperita.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and essential oil studies on Veratrum album L. (Melanthiaceae)

In this study, essential oil components of the Veratrum album L. and the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of these components were determined. The chemical composition of the essential oils of dried aerial parts of V. album was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity was determined with the disk diffusion method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity were detected for the antioxidant activity of the plant. According to the analysis results, the major essential oil components of the V. album were determined as hexacosane (39.5%), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid (22.8%), heptane (6.5%), anethole (4.9%) and 1,8- cineole (4.8%). The findings showed that the methanol extracts of the stem and leaf parts of the plant inhibited the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at different rates (14±0.1 - 34±0.3 mm). The TAS values of methanol extracts of stem and leaf parts of V. album were calculated as 3.75±0.07 and 3.91±0.01 mmol, while TOS values were calculated as 6.14±0.13 and 6.54±0.05 μmol. The scavenging activity of the DPPH radical increased depending on increasing concentrations of the plant extract.

Chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from Phlomis olivieri Benth (Lamiaceae) in four western provinces in Iran

Phlomis olivieri Benth is a valuable medicinal plant in the flora of Iran and can be collected in different parts of the country. To date, no comprehensive phytochemical research has been done on it in different parts of Iran. In this research, the essential oils of this medicinal plant were investigated in eight locations of western provinces of Iran. For this, aerial parts of the plant were collected in its natural habitats, dried under the shade condition (approximately 25°C), and then powdered. The essential oil was isolated by Clevenger apparatus and chemically analyzed by a Gas Chromatography (6890N)-Mass Spectroscopy (5973N) device in Payame Noor University (PNU), Hamedan, Iran. Except for some cases (EC, TNV, and K) there were no significant differences in the characteristics of the soil of the investigated areas. In the chemical structure of this plant, 17 and 11 constituents were identified in A1 and A2, 17 and 18 in B1 and B2, 17 and 15 in C1 and C2, and 21 and 15 in D1 and D2 locations of four western provinces in Iran. The results showed that caryophyllene (A1, A2, B1 and B2), 1H-cyclopenta [1, 3] cyclopropa [1, 2] benzene (C1), naphthalene, decahydro-4a–methyl (C2), estra-1, 3, 5(10)-trian-17a-ol (D1), and n-hexadecanoic acid (D2) were dominant constituents. Therefore, this valuable medicinal plant has diverse chemical constituents in the studied locations in Iran which should be considered from different aspects.

The Soil Microbiomes of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) Cultivated in North America Differ by Location But Not Always by Disease Status

One of the greatest challenges faced by ginseng producers is control of fungal pathogens which adversely affects harvest yields and is a contributing factor to replant failure syndrome. The goal of this project was to survey the soil microbiome of healthy versus diseased American Ginseng grown in North America. Soil associated with healthy and diseased plants were collected from commercial farms in Garett County, Maryland and Marathon County, Wisconsin. Environmental DNA metabarcoding was used to compare the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of healthy versus diseased plants from both locations. The most common bacteria occurred within the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota and the most common fungi occurred within Ascomycota, Basidiomytoca, Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota. Overall Alpha- and Beta- diversities were statistically significant between the two locations. Community analyses (beta-diversity) of the Maryland site revealed a significant difference in the bacterial composition of soils associated with healthy versus diseased plants but not fungi. Conversely, there was a significantly different assemblage of fungi in healthy versus diseased associated soils from the Wisconsin site, but not for bacteria. Our results when compared to previous metabarcoding studies suggest there is little congruence between the soil microbiomes associated with cultivated ginseng and that we are still in the early stages of ginseng soil rhizosphere exploration.

Investigation and mapping of toxic fumes produced by detonation of ANFO explosives in underground space

AbstractPost‐blast fumes are hazardous and known to cause severe health related issues of workers. Further, these harmful gases have a significant impact on the surrounding environment. Thus, it is imperative to have an in‐depth understanding of the real time detonation fume generation in underground space to avoid hazardous health risk of the worker. In this context, the mapping of toxic fume concentrations generated by the detonation of ANFO explosives in the actual field is a fascinating area of research that has a great environmental impact. This article examined the real‐time analysis of toxic fumes generated by ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosives at various locations of a metalliferous underground mine. Furthermore, detonation parameters of various ANFO explosive compositions were also studied at the mining site. On‐site blasting studies were performed with ANFO explosives, and post‐detonation fume measurements enabled us to map the CO and NOx concentrations in underground spaces. Toxic fumes like CO and NOx were analyzed before and after each blasting operation at different intervals, and found within the allowed limit as per the Directorate General of Mines Safety guidelines. Additionally, an empirical correlation has been established to evaluate the maximum detonation velocity based on the alteration of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil composition.

Effects of Soil Conditioners on Physical and Chemical Properties of Understory Soil in the Northern Foot of Qinling Mountains

In view of the common phenomenon of heavy adhesion in the soil under the forest in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, in order to make more efficient use of the soil under the forest, the random block method was used to set up the experimental field, and EM bacteria and vermiculite were selected as soil conditioners. Two concentration gradients were set up for each conditioner to study the effect of composite soil conditioner on the soil under the forest in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. The study found that the application of different proportions of soil conditioners has significantly improved and improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil. A good soil structure is more conducive to the growth of bupleurum, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management and protection of forest land in Qinling Mountains, ecological restoration, and the correct and rational use of forest space.

Performance analysis and production of aromatics for ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of engineered WEEE

Ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of engineered waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) was conducted in a two-stage reactor using HZSM-5 catalyst. The effect of the catalysis temperature and the catalyst-to-feedstock (C/F) ratio on products yield, gas and oil composition, and products characterization were investigated in this study. Results indicated that lower reforming temperature and C/F ratio favored organic fractions production. The highest yield of organic fraction was obtained at a catalysis temperature of 450 °C and at a C/F ratio of 0.15, corresponding to 28.5 and 27.4 wt %, respectively. The highest selectivity toward aromatic hydrocarbons and the lowest TAN value of the organic fraction were obtained at a catalysis temperature of 450 °C and a C/F ratio of 0.2, respectively. Most of the alkali and transition metals and 23 % of Br remained in the solid residue after the catalytic pyrolysis of low-grade electronic waste (LGEW).

Salicylic Acid and Water Stress: Effects on Morphophysiology and Essential Oil Profile of Eryngium foetidum.

The exogenous application of bioregulators, such as salicylic acid (SA), has exhibited promising outcomes in alleviating drought stress. Nevertheless, its impact on culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.) remains unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess how SA impacts the growth, morphophysiology, and essential oil composition of culantro when subjected to drought. To achieve this, culantro plants were grown under three different watering regimes: well-watered, drought-stressed, and re-watered. Additionally, they were either treated with SA (100 µM) or left untreated, with water serving as the control. SA application did not mitigate the effects of drought in biomass production but increased biomass, leaf number, leaf area, and photosynthetic pigments under well-irrigated and re-watered conditions. After a drought period followed by re-watering, plants recovered membrane integrity independently of SA application. Water stress and the exogenous application of SA also modulated the profile of essential oils. This is the first report about SA and drought affecting growth and essential oil composition in culantro.

Structure and functionality of surface-active amylose-fatty amine salt inclusion complexes

Novel value-added starch-based materials can be produced by forming amylose inclusion complexes (AIC) with hydrophobic compounds. There is currently little research on AIC use as polymeric emulsifiers, particularly for AIC with fatty amine salt ligands. This work evaluated AIC emulsifiers by studying the structure and functionality of AIC composed of high amylose corn starch and fatty amine salts (10–18 carbons, including a mixture simulating vegetable oil composition) produced via steam jet cooking. X-ray scattering verified successful AIC formation, with peaks located near 7.0°, 12.8° and 19.9° 2θ. AIC were easily dispersed in water (80–85 °C) and remained in suspension at room temperature for weeks, unlike the uncomplexed ligands or starch. AIC were highly effective emulsifying agents, with emulsifying activity indexes of 213–229 m2g−1 at pH 5, and zeta potentials, a measure of electrostatic repulsion, as high as 43.4 mV. AIC dispersions had surface tension ranging from 24 to 41 mN/m and displayed surface-active properties superior to amylose complexes formed from fatty acid salts and competitive with common starch-based emulsifiers. These findings demonstrate that fatty amine salt AIC are effective emulsifiers that can be made from low-cost sources of fatty amine salts, such as vegetable oil derivatives.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Soil Reinforcement and Slip Resistance on Shallow Slopes by Herbaceous Plant Root System

In this study, Setaria viridis was selected as the research object, the soil reinforcement mode of roots was analyzed, and the general mechanical model of soil reinforcement was proposed. The direct shear tests of root–soil composite and root tensile tests were carried out, and the relationship between the root additional cohesion and root depth was studied. Furthermore, numerical simulations were established to explore the variation law of shallow displacement and slope stability as a function of the root ratio. The results show that the effect of herbaceous plant roots on the soil was composed of material modification and root binding force on the soil. The shear strength improvement of the root–soil composite was mainly reflected by the increase in cohesion. Furthermore, the composite cohesion was positively correlated with the root content but negatively correlated with the water content. With the increase in root diameter, the tensile strength of the Setaria viridis root increased linearly, but its tensile strength decreased and showed a power relation. The greater the total cohesion of the root–soil composite layer, the smaller the total displacement and the higher the slope stability. Thus, the slope’s herbaceous vegetation could effectively control the deformation and slip of the shallow soil, which has good application value for reducing soil erosion in mining areas.

Optimizing Crop Yield Prediction: Data-Driven Analysis and Machine Learning Modeling Using USDA Datasets

This research uses a variety of machine learning models and exploratory data analysis (EDA) to forecast crop yields using USDA information from 2003 to 2013 in an effort to achieve precision agriculture. Not only did we want to predict agricultural output, but we also wanted to identify the underlying factors that affect yield. By means of thorough EDA, which encompassed a wide range of agricultural data, including weather patterns and USDA-sourced soil composition, we were able to gain important insights into the variables that impact differences in crop output. The thorough investigation that followed served as the basis for our machine learning modelling. We thoroughly assessed and contrasted the performance of a variety of machine learning algorithms, including Bagging Regressor, KNN, Decision Trees, Gradient Boost, Random Forest, and Linear Regression. The accuracy of the models varied noticeably, as the results showed: the Random Forest, Decision Trees, and Bagging Regressor models showed great accuracy, with respective values of 98.56%, 97.62%, and 98.59%. Conversely, KNN and Linear Regression showed reduced accuracy, indicating their limits in this situation. The robustness of our results was further improved by applying k-fold cross-validation, highlighting the significance of model validation in crop yield prediction. Some models showed changes in accuracy during cross-validation, which revealed more about their dependability. In addition to providing a thorough investigation of the variables affecting agricultural productivity, this study highlights the diverse forecasting powers of machine learning models. Our findings provide a path for well-informed agricultural decision-making by utilizing technology to optimize crop production estimates. The ultimate goal of this research is to support stakeholders in optimizing agricultural productivity and enable sustainable practices.

Variation in productivity and essential oil composition of aromatic grasses grown in mid-hill conditions of the Western Himalayas

Variation in productivity and essential oil composition of aromatic grasses grown in mid-hill conditions of the Western Himalayas

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity ofThree Monarda Species: M.bradburianaL.C.Beck,M.×mediaWilld.,and M. punctata L.

Plants of the genus Monarda receive growing interest as the sources of herbal raw materials with wide range of potential applications in food, cosmetics, and phytopharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in chemical characteristics and biological activity among different organs of plants representing three underinvestigated species of this genus: Monarda bradburiana L. C. Beck, Monarda × media Willd., and Monarda punctata L. The content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of leaves, stems, and inflorescences were determined. Essential oil (EO) content, composition, and antimicrobial activity were also examined. M. punctata leaves and inflorescences had the highest EO content (4.43% and 5.59%, respectively), with carvacrol as a dominant constituent. Leaf EO was also rich in thymoquinone (17.48%). In EOs of M. bradburiana and M. × media, thymol dominated. EOs inhibited the growth of all tested strains of microorganisms at a concentration of 0.625 µL × mL-1. The studied plant organs were rich in phenolic compounds, especially rosmarinic acid. M. bradburiana inflorescences were distinguished by high linarin content. Differences in flavonoid distribution seem to have special chemotaxonomic importance. Further research is needed to facilitate standardisation of the investigated plant organs as potential new herbal raw materials.

Predicting oil palm yield using a comprehensive agronomy dataset and 17 machine learning and deep learning models

The rising global demand for oil palm emphasizes the importance of accurate oil palm yield predictions. This predictive capability is critical for effective crop management, supply chain optimization, and sustainable farming practices. However, the oil palm sector faces challenges in yield projection, stressing a noteworthy gap in the application and evaluation of modern machine learning and deep learning technologies. Our study addressed this gap by systematically evaluating 17 machine and deep learning models in predicting oil palm yield, incorporating various agronomic parameters, e.g., soil composition, climatic conditions, plant age, and farming techniques. This holistic approach enhances the application of machine and deep learning in agriculture. Using the feature selection technique and a maximum depth of 32 and 1000 estimators, the Extra Trees Regressor exhibited positive performance, i.e., MSE = 860.36 and an R2 = 0.65, and stands out among the 17 models evaluated. Our findings also showed that incorporating a comprehensive agronomic dataset is critical to accurate yield prediction. Hence, this model and approach have the potential to be a robust decision-making tool for agronomists and farmers in the oil palm industry, setting the stage for future innovations in sustainable agriculture practices.

Essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia Presl bark regulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway

Cinnamomum cassia Presl, a traditional Chinese medicine recorded in "Shennong's Herbal Classic," has been historically used to treat respiratory diseases and is employed to address inflammation. The essential oil derived from Cinnamomum cassia bark is a primary anti-inflammatory agent. However, there remains ambiguity regarding the chemical composition of cinnamon bark essential oil (BCEO), its principal anti-inflammatory components, and their potential efficacy in typical inflammatory respiratory conditions, such as acute lung injury (ALI). This study aimed to unveil the chemical composition of BCEO. In addition, the mechanism of action of BCEO in ameliorating ALI and regulating macrophage polarization through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway was elucidated. BCEO was extracted using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Acute oral toxicity was observed in C57BL/6 J mice. The pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of BCEO were evaluated in a mouse model of ALI, which was induced by administering 5 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through intratracheal instillation. GC-MS analysis revealed 99.08% of the constituents of BCEO. The primary components of BCEO were trans-cinnamaldehyde, o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, (+)-α-muurolene, δ-cadinene, and copaene. Oral acute toxicity tests indicated that the maximum tolerated dose of BCEO was 12 g/kg/day. BCEO treatment significantly reduced lung W/D ratio, total protein concentration in BALF, levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in BALF, WBC count and NEU% in peripheral blood, and lung histological damage. Pulmonary function, IL-10 levels, and LYM% in peripheral blood also showed improvement. BCEO effectively decreased the proportion of M1 phenotype macrophages in BALF, M1/M2 ratio, and apoptotic cells in the lung tissue while increasing the proportion of M2 phenotype macrophages in BALF. Furthermore, BCEO treatment led to reduced protein and mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88, and p-p65, alongside increased p65 expression, suggesting its potential to impede the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. SFE-extracted BCEO or its major constituents could serve as a viable treatment for ALI by reducing lung inflammation, improving pulmonary function, and protecting against LPS-induced ALI in mice. This therapeutic effect is achieved by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Cytotoxic, acute oral toxicity, genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of the essential oil from fresh leaves of Croton argyrophyllus (Kunth.)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCroton argyrophyllus Kunth., commonly known as “marmeleiro” or “cassetinga,” is widely distributed in the Brazilian Northeast region. Its leaves and flowers are used in traditional medicine as tranquilizers to treat flu and headaches. Aim of the studyThis study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and toxicological safety of essential oil from C. argyrophyllus leaves using in vitro and in vivo models. Materials and methodsThe chemical composition of the essential oil was determined using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. Cytotoxicity was tested in the HeLa, HT-29, and MCF-7 cell lines derived from human cells (Homo sapiens) and Vero cell lines derived from monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) using the MTT method. Acute toxicity, genotoxicity. Mutagenicity tests were performed in Swiss mice (Mus musculus), which were administered essential oil orally in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg by gavage. ResultsThe main components of the essential oil were p-mentha-2-en-1-ol, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, and β-elemene. The essential oil exhibited more than 90% cytotoxicity in all cell lines tested. No deaths or behavioral, hematological, or biochemical changes were observed in mice, revealing no acute toxicity. In genotoxic and mutagenic analyses, there was no increase in micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes or in the damage and index in the comet assay. ConclusionsThe essential oil was cytotoxic towards the tested cell lines but did not exert toxic effects or promote DNA damage when administered orally at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg in mice.

Fatty acid composition of fruit pulp oil and seeds of sea buckthorn selection

Fatty acid composition of fruit pulp oil and seeds of sea buckthorn selection