Clause Complex Research Articles

THE REALIZATION OF IDEATIONAL MEANINGS IN THE STUDENTS' RECOUNTS

English Department Students of Faculty of Languages and
 Letters of Dian Nuswantoro University usually have difficulties in writing English Texts. Those difficulties deal with the way to organize ideational meaning in their texts. Based on that fact. this study was conducted to know the realization of ideational meaning in the students' texts. especially recounts. The data were taken from the students' recounts and for the sake of this study. 10 recounts were chosen as the data to analyze the data. Halliday and Matthiessen 's framework (1999) was applied to get a deep understanding of Ideational Meaning. The result shows that in organizing the Ideational Meanings
 in their recounts. the students used sequences figures. the elements of figures: Process. Participant, and Circumstances; and the realization of those elements in lexicogrammar. Kinds
 of sequences (clause complexes) the student mostly made
 in their recount are enhancement, and extension Elaboration, locution or idea have lower portion compared to the two sequences mentioned above. Four kinds offigures arefound in
 the students recounts. Those are figure of doing (material and
 behavioral processes), figure of sensing (mental process). figure of saying (verbal process), and figure of being (relational: attributive. identifying) process. and existential process). Among the four figures mentioned above, figures
 of doing (material processes) with actor and goal as the
 key participants dominate in all texts. 112 circumstances (circumstances of time, place. manner, matter, and circumstances are realized in simple and macro circumstances. The number of macro circumstances is higher than that of simple ones. Sincepersonal recount is a text telling someone's past experience, the realization of participants in their recounts are mostly conscious
 simple things. Simple qualities only exist in relational (attributive) process. The processes are mostly realized in polar non- phrasal verbs in past tense.
 
 accompaniment) are found in the students' recounts. Those

Growth in syntactic complexity between four years and adulthood: evidence from a narrative task.

Studies examining productive syntax have used varying elicitation methods and have tended to focus on either young children or adolescents/adults, so we lack an account of syntactic development throughout middle childhood. We describe here the results of an analysis of clause complexity in narratives produced by 354 speakers aged from four years to adulthood using the Expressive, Receptive, and Recall of Narrative Instrument (ERRNI). We show that the number of clauses per utterance increased steadily through this age range. However, the distribution of clause types depended on which of two stories was narrated, even though both stories were designed to have a similar story structure. In addition, clausal complexity was remarkably similar regardless of whether the speaker described a narrative from pictures, or whether the same narrative was recalled from memory. Finally, our findings with the youngest children showed that the task of generating a narrative from pictures may underestimate syntactic competence in those aged below five years.

AN ANALYSIS OF PARATAXIS AND HYPOTAXIS CONSTRUCTION IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT WRITTEN BY FIRST GRADERS OF SMK BANDAR SUNGAI BUAYA MALAYSIA IN THE YEAR 2017

Writing skill in Malaysia is one of the language learning objectives which has to be mastered by the students. It is challenge as it is evolving to meet the needs and demands in globalized world. In writing, students are expected to be able to make good construction of paragraph. The problems arise in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bandar Sungai Buaya Malaysia that the students are still get difficulty in arranging good quality of writing, especially in term of clause development. The good quality of writing are influenced by interdependency (taxis) and logico-semantic relation system between the clauses. The objectives of this research are to find out the types of taxis and logico-semantic relation in students’ descriptive text. Besides, it also identifies the types of taxis and logico-semantic relation which are dominantly used by Malaysian first grade students of SMK Bandar Sungai Buaya Malaysia following by Gerot and Wignell’s theory (1994). This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research, since the date are provided descriptively. The products that have been analyzed are 17 descriptive texts written by 17 students of 1 Muzik class in SMK Bandar Sungai Buaya Malaysia. Furthermore, the technique of collecting data is done through documentation technique. The result shows that the student descriptive texts consist of 380 clauses which 188 of those are simple sentence, fragments and the rest is clause complexes.

The Adequacy of the Theory of Logical Function Applied to Some Clauses in Chinua Achebe’s Novel Things Fall Apart

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Clause complexes as the basis for construing the narrative point of view in translation context

ABSTRACT This article briefly discusses the role of expansions for construing the characters’ identities and personality traits in Oscar Wilde’s novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and its translation, made by João do Rio, and adaptations, made by Clarice Lispector and Claudia Lopes, into Brazilian Portuguese. The discursive configuration or narrative axis that unveils the narrative point of view is the central linguistic realization of the discussion. The paper also problematizes the concept of omission and rewriting in the literary translation context, asserting that these kinds of (re)textualizations may create negative cultural impacts on the target-text reader. The discussion is informed by the principles of systemic-functional grammar and its contributions to literary translation, especially the concepts of projection and clause complex.

Linguistic Choices in Hamid’s Moth Smoke: A Transitivity Analysis

The present study is aimed at an investigation of how meanings are construed in a literary text. The main theoretical framework employed for the data analysis was transitivity, which finds its roots in Halliday’s (1994) Systemic Functional Grammar. 21 texts from Hamid’s novel, Moth Smoke (MS) were selected as data. A sample size of 1100 complex clause sentences containing different processes, participants and circumstances was drawn for analysis. The focus of the study was the identification of transitivity patterns associated with the main characters of the novel following Simpson (2004) who viewed it “useful indicator of character in prose fiction” (p. 119). The findings of transitivity constructions showed that all types of processes were found in MS. Based on the rank of frequency, material processes were computed the most frequent processes. They did have frequency of occurrence as (1076=51.45%). The projection of mental processes was (13.91%) in the second position. The verbal processes were (11.23%), relational processes (19.75%) while the lowest projection was found in behavioural (2.63%) and existential (0.86%) processes. Male characters were ascribed with more material and verbal processes while females were drawn as having mental and attributive process clauses. The current study concluded that transitivity options can function as a useful analytical tool in the analysis of a literary text.

COMPLEX CLAUSES IN THE LEGAL AND CRIMINAL TEXT LOMBOK BST: SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC STUDIES

This paper reports the result of investigation on the use of complex clauses in Legal and Criminal Rubric of Lombok Post media and its relevance to Indonesia language learning at senior high school with the orientation of SFL (Systemic Functional Linguistic) study. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of complex clauses in the Legal and Criminal Rubric of Lombok Post media and its relevance to Indonesian language learning in SMA. Specifically, the types of complex clauses investigated in this research are paratactic and hypotactic complex clauses. The complex clauses were investigated through Systemic Functional Linguistic theory (LFS) exploitation. The investigation was designed by employing qualitative descriptive research method. Data of the research was text obtained from daily newspaper of Lombok Post. The data was collected by exploiting document method. The result showed that there are five logical semantic and taxis relationship within substantial construction of complex clauses in the October-December 2014 Lombok Post, such as elaboration, extension, double, locution, and ideas. Regarding the result of data analysis, it can be said that such texts in Legal and Criminal Rubric of Lombok Post media is transferable to as teaching material of Indonesia language learning with the implementation of 2013 curriculum.

Verbal and verbal-visual logico-semantic relations in picturebooks: an English-Portuguese parallel corpus study

This article presents and explores a methodology to analyze verbal and verbal-visual logico-semantic relations (LSRs) in picturebooks originally written in English and their translations into Brazilian Portuguese. Drawing on systemic-functional theory (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014) and on Visual Grammar (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2006), verbal and visual text in picturebooks was annotated and analyzed according to the LSRs identified in them. Results showed differences between the type of LSRs that tend to occur most frequently in verbal-visual texts and in clause complexes: while Expansion_Extension is the most frequent verbal-visual LSR in both the source text and the translated text, Projection_Locution is the most frequent LSR in clause complexes, in the source and translated texts as well. The study contributes a proposal to categorize LSRs in verbal text and LSRs in visual and verbal text that proves to be fully operational for annotation purposes and text analysis.

ANALYSIS OF READING MATERIALS IN TEXTBOOK FOR GRADE XI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This study aims to find out the GI and LD level, the text which has the highest GI and LD and what make the text has the highest GI and LD of Advanced Learning English 2 textbook. This study was conducted by using qualitative research. The data of study were the 18 texts inside of the Advanced Learning English 2 textbook for grade XI Senior High School. The data were analyzed by using Eggins (2004) theory. The result of this study: 1) GI level of text was high based on Eggins theory that the texts had more complex clauses than simple clause. Text 1 was 0.52. Text 2 was 1.24. Text 3 was 0.84. Text 4 was 0.92. Text 5 was 1.95. Text 6 is 1.46. Text 7 was 1.03. Text 8 was 0.90. Text 9 was 1.62. Text 10 was 1.85. Text 11 was 1.64. Text 12 was 2.25. Text 13 was 2.60 Text 14 was 1.40. Text 15 was 1.80. Text 16 was 4.00. Text 17 was 1.42. Text 18 was 1.73. The LD level of text was low based on Eggins theory that the texts had more content carrying lexical item than non-content carrying lexical items . Text 1 was 0.56. Text 2 was 0.52. Text 3 was 0.52. Text 4 was 0.54. Text 5 was 0.55. Text 6 was 0.40. Text 7 was 0.42. Text 8 was 0.36. Text 9 was 0.44. Text 10 was 0.46. Text 11 was 0.44. Text 12 was 0.39. Text 13 was 0.38. Text 14 was 0.38. Text 15 was 0.42. Text 16 was 0.38. Text 17 was 0.46. Text 18 was 0.42. 2) The text had the highest GI was 4.00 within title Removing Lead from Petrol in hortatory exposition text and the text had the highest of LD was 0.56 within title Panda in report text. 3)The length of the sentence didn’t influence the grammatical intricacy of the text but the more clause complexes and content carrying lexical items could make the reader difficult to process the text. Key words: qualitative research, lexical density, grammatical intricacy

The Relativity Strategy of Old Javanese

Old Javanese is one of the temporal dialects in Indonesia that is estimated to develop from the IX-XV century. The language has a lot of langues inherited in the form of literature kakawin (Old Javanese poetry) and the form of parwa (Old Javanese language prose) until now. Literary works in the form kakawin and parwa are very popular work to be sung in Balinese society especially in religious ceremonies. Therefore, the Old Javanese is very worthy of being used as a linguistic study even though the language is categorized as a dead language. In morphological typology, Old Javanese is an agglutinative type. On the other hand, syntactically the Old Javanese language includes the Split-S typology. Associated with morphological typology and syntax, the Old Javanese has a core system or verb. Thus, the Old Javanese has various forms of verb-alternation in clause structures, either in single clauses or complex clauses. Relative clauses are one part of the complex clause having a change of grammatical relation when the insertion of certain linguistic elements. The topic of this study was the relativity strategy in Old Javanese. The relativity strategy of Old Javanese was described with related theories and concepts. Based on the result the Old Javanese could make the subject to be relative by inserting element of the relative sang and ikang. On the other hand there was also an indirect relativity by marking of verbs and penloping.

The correlation between learners’ psychological and social factors and syntactic complexity of L2 Korean speaking

This study investigated the correlation between learners` psychological and social factors and their syntactic complexity of speaking. The study collected samples of Korean spoken production of 61 learners with English, Chinese, Japanese and other L1 backgrounds and applied mini-TOPIK, mini-AMTB, and SASIQ for 70 minutes. The study found that: (i) integrative motivation showed positive correlation with a number of simple complex clauses, but instrumental motivation correlated negatively with a number of adverbial clauses, indicating that high motivation hindered producing highly complex clauses although it triggered producing simple complex clauses, (ii) social contact with L2 native speakers showed positive correlation with general L2 development and a number of simple complex clauses, but revealed negative correlation with double or triple complex clauses, (iii) hours of L2 listening showed very strong positive correlation with producing triple complex clauses and general proficiency, but indicated negative correlation with a number of simple complex clauses. The study reported that high motivation toward Korean learning and active social activities with Korean native speakers helped produce simple complex clauses while hours of listening to Korean helped produce triple complex clauses. (Kyung Hee University, Brigham Young University)

A Corpus-based Study of Textual Metaphor in English

Following the criterion of double functionality for identifying grammatical metaphor, this research investigates the diachronic and genre distributions of two of the five types of textual metaphor proposed by He et al.: conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbial groups and prepositionalization of hypotactic conjunction groups. Research based on COHA reveals that: (1) the conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbial groups agrees with the principle of unidirectional transfer of grammatical metaphor, and during the recent century conjunctive adverbial groups have been experiencing a trend of conjunctionalization; (2) conjunctive prepositions, however, are not directly transferred from hypotactic conjunction groups but are induced by the gerundalization of present participles; and (3) hypotactic conjunction groups will transfer to zero hypotactic conjunction groups, resulting in a new member of textual metaphor. Research based on COCA and BNC shows that both conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbial groups and prepositionalization of hypotactic conjunction groups tend to occur in informal texts. This confirms the point of view that paratactic clause complexes are favoured in informal genres such as Spoken and Fiction and that simple clauses win out in formal texts due to the wide use of nominalization of verbal groups and verbalization of conjunction groups.

‘(Text as) wording’ as wording in text size: stretching lexicogrammatical rank hierarchy from clause to text

This paper attempts to argue for the hypothesis that, in Systemic Functional Linguistics, the topmost rank of lexicogrammar should be ‘text’ or ‘discourse’ rather than the widely accepted view of ‘clause (complex)’; that is, it aims to demonstrate the following two points: (i) the rank scale hierarchy of language should be extended upward from ‘clause (complex)’ to ‘text (type)’, from morpheme to text being a continuum; and (ii) text meaning and text wording, which should then be of equal size, form an integral whole in complementarity. It follows that a model of text arises with multi-dimensions. The attempt provides a way to better understanding the nature of text and language, both from the system and instance perspectives.

Grammatical Intricacy on Students’ Writing

Grammatical intricacy refers to how often a clause complex in a text in comparison with simple clauses. It is accepted that any text has a different level of intricacy (complexity). This is all related to how much information is introduced in a clause complex which can contain more than one simple clause. Classification of clauses (sentences) applies to the determination of grammatical intricacy (complexity) of a text. If in a text there are more clause complexes than simple clauses, it can be said that the text is more complex in the sense that it presents more information in a condensed way. Consequently, learners are potential to encounter problems. The concept of this article only focuses on the paratactic clause, hypotactic clause construction and the combination among clause constructions used by students.

LEXICAL DENSITY AND GRAMMATICAL INTRICACY OF READING MATERIALS IN ENGLISH IN FOCUS TEXTBOOK FOR FIRST GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This study aims to find out the lexical density and grammatical intricacy of English reading texts in the textbook for the 1st grade of junior hih school to measure the difficulty of the text. The objectives of the study are to find out the lexical density and grammtical intricacy which formed in the reading texts of English in Focus Textbookwhich has the highest both of lexical density and grammatical intricacy. This study was conducted by descriptive method with qualitative research. The data of this research were the English reading texts of English in Focus Textbook for First Junior High School. The data were text analyzed by using Halliday’s theory. The result of this study; 1).Lexical density formed of the texts was high based on Halliday’s theory that the texts had more lexical item than grammatical item, Text 1 was 57.31%, Text 2 was 70.83%, Text 3 was 68.75%, Text 4 was 61.36%, Text 5 was 58.82%, Text 6 was 60.86%, Text 7 was 69.23%, Text 8 was 71.42%. Grammatical Intricacy formed of the texts was high based on Halliday’s theory that the texts had more complex clauses than simple clause, Text 1 was 7, Text 2 was 4, Text 3 was 2.16, Text 4 was 2, Text 5 was 1.08, Text 6 was 1.75, Text 7 was 2, Text 8 was 2. 2).Lexical density influences the difficulty of reading texts if it has higher proportion of lexical items than grammatical items. While grammaticcal intricacy also influences the difficulty of reading texts if it has higher proportion of complex clauses in comparison with simple clauses. 3).The length of the sentence did not influence the grammatical intricacy of the texts but the more complex clauses and content carrying lexical items could make the reader difficult to process the texts.

HYPOTACTIC STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH

This present study focuses on the study of a hypotactic structure in English. It is concerned with clause complex which is comprised of two or more clauses logically connected. The relation between clauses can be interpreted in terms of ‘logical’ semantic relations and system of interdependency relation – parataxis and hypotaxis. The method used in this study was qualitative approach in which the data were taken from some linguistic books. The finding shows that the concept of hypotactic structure in English is divided into two types: expansion and projection. There are three kinds of expanding a clause i.e. elaboration (=), extension (+) and enhancement (x), and two kinds of projection i.e. locution (”) and idea (’). Elaboration shows that the meaning of the secondary clause is equal to the primary one, but the secondary clause does not introduce a new element into the picture but rather provides a further characterization of one that is already there. Extension is a clause that extends the meaning of another by adding something new to it. Meanwhile, enhancement shows the meaning of another clause by qualifying it with adverbial clause in traditional grammar. Furthermore, the three clauses can be finite or non-finite. Locution, on the other hand, is a projection with verbal process, in which the clause containing the sayer and the reporting verb is thedominant clause and the reported element is the dependent clause. Thus, idea is a projection with mental process that is used to report ideas, beliefs, fears and speculations. The combination of mental process with a dependent ‘reporting’ clause is the nominal ways of representing what people say, think and believe.

Coherence in Hong Lou Meng and its English translations: an exploratory investigation

Coherence can be studied from both logical and textual perspectives in systemic functional linguistics. The logical and textual metafunctions together contribute to the coherence of a text. Coherence is realized through clause complexes and cohesive chains at the lexicogrammatical level from the logical and textual meanings. Clause complex reflects the logical development of the text, while cohesive chains are the threads of a coherent text. The clauses that are involved in cohesive chains take a more important role in forming a coherent text than others, and thus have the potential to reveal the features of coherence realization.This research aims to explore the realization of coherence in a Chinese novel Hong Lou Meng and its two English translations, The Dream of the Red Mansions (by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang) and The Story of the Stone (by David Hawkes), or more specifically, the distribution of logico-semantic types in both the Chinese (ST) and the English texts (TT). The research shows that there are both similarities and differences between the ST and the TTs on the one hand, and between the TTs on the other, and that the differences are related to the styles of translators.

LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS IN MENDEZ’ UTTERANCES IN ARGO

The study deals with the types of logico-semantic relations in Mendez’utterances in Argo. The objective of the study are to describe the types of logico semantic relations used in Mendez’ utterances and expalain how logico-semantic relations (unmarked and marked) used in Mendez’ utterances. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative. The data of the study were clause complexes found in Mendez’ utterances. There were 63 clause complexes found. Based on the analysis, it was found that only seven of ten types of logico-semantic relations were used in Mendez’ utterances. The logico-semantic relation type which dominantly occurs in Mendez’ utterances is unmarked enhancement (24 utterances, 38.09%). Then it’s followed unmarked extension (17 utterances, 26.98%), unmarked elaboration (11 utterances, 17.46%), marked enhancement (5 utterances,7.93%), marked locution ( 3 utterances, 4.76%), unmarked locution (2 utterances 3.17%), marked ectension (1 utterance, 1.58%). Meanwhile marked elaboration, unmarked idea and marked idea were not found in Mendez’utterances.

Viewpoint in Garden Path Sentence: A Functional Approach

Garden path sentence is a kind of complex sentence which may cause structural and semantic ambiguity. Psycholinguistic analysis is the conventional approach to it. This paper will survey garden path sentence via viewpoint analysis within a systemic functional linguistic frame. In another word, garden path sentence will be discussed in term of lexicogrammar, clause complex, transitivity, theme and rheme, and cohesion and their relationship with viewpoint. It is expected that this approach will help to the interpretation and disambiguation of garden path sentences. Garden path effect attributes to polysemy of lexis, syntactic structure and sentence reader’s viewpoint.

A expressão de finalidade na construção de movimento com propósito em português

Neste artigo, discutimos a relação de finalidade na Construção de Movimento com Propósito, que é formada pela sequência, contígua ou não, de dois verbos, sendo que o primeiro é sempre um verbo de movimento orientado e o segundo apresenta-se sempre na forma não finita. Adotamos um modelo cognitivo-funcional, em que são priorizadas as noções de construção, segundo o paradigma da gramática das construções (GOLDBERG, 1995), metáfora conceptual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980; LAKOFF, 1992), gramaticalização (HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 2003) e tipologia de combinações de cláusulas (LEHMANN, 1988; CRISTOFARO, 2005) para analisar a relação dessa construção com a oração adverbial final dentro de um continuum de integração de cláusulas complexas.