Competitiveness Of Turkey Research Articles

Transition from parliamentarism to presidentialism and the restructuring of the Turkish party system

ABSTRACT The role of institutional factors on party system change has received increasing scholarly attention. This article analyses the emergence of new trends in the structure of party competition in Turkey following the transition from parliamentarism to presidentialism in 2017. The newly-adopted presidential system endowed the president with extraordinary powers and reduced the role of the parliament. Presidential elections assumed central importance in electoral politics; competition was structured by pre-electoral coalitions and party alliances; more than two-thirds of the voters cast their ballots for one of the two main electoral alliances; and there was a trend towards the emergence of a bipolar party system. The analysis presented in this study emphasizes the role of institutional engineering, especially the introduction of presidentialism and changes in electoral laws, as major factors in the restructuring of the Turkish party system.

Sivil Havacılık Alanında Rekabet ile İlgili Hazırlanan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İçerik Analizi

With the deregulation in the civil aviation industry, competition has started to increase. Firms operating in the sector had to continue their services in a competitive environment. For this reason, scientific studies and theses have been conducted on competition for firms operating in the field of civil aviation. The aim of the research is to profile the postgraduate theses prepared in the field of civil aviation and competition in Turkey by examining them bibliometrically. All postgraduate theses prepared in the field of civil aviation and competition in the National Thesis Center were included in the research. The number of theses prepared in the field of civil aviation and competition topics was determined as 24. The content analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. It was determined that most of the theses examined adopted the qualitative research method. When the samples of the theses were examined, Turkish Airlines for 10 theses and Pegasus for 8 theses were taken as samples. The first five frequently used keywords are competition, airlines, airline transportation, competitive strategies, and civil aviation, respectively.

Financial Stability and Economic Competitiveness in Turkey

Since its independence, in terms of economic competitiveness and financial performance, the Republic of Turkey has undergone volatile trends. As a result, numerous indications affecting Turkey's competitive position and how the economy might be supported while keeping its debt situation in mind were examined. Initially, a shortage of human capital and hard currency reserves hampered rapid economic growth and welfare creation, with institutional improvements prioritizing long-term development with low inflation and financial stability. Private banks began to acquire a market share in the second half of the 1980s. The 1990s were called the "lost decade" of banking and financial stability, and they culminated in a catastrophic banking collapse in 2001. After 2002, the Turkish economy grew at an unu- sually rapid pace while maintaining a low and dropping inflation rate. The extent of economic diversity was also a major issue for Turkey's competitiveness, with inve- stments standing out as one of the additional conditions for increasing competitiveness (World Bank, 2019). It is difficult for the Republic of Turkey to create domestic savings to support long-term growth while maintaining low and stable inflation and navigating the complexity of the Turkish economy. For years, the Turkish economy has been nearly free; nevertheless, the global financial crisis has continued to distort the picture and threaten global economic and financial stability (Terzi, 2015, p. 269). To substantially affect the country's financial strength and economic competitiveness, the government must respond promptly and flexibly based on performance and an enterprise- oriented strategy.

Export Competitiveness of Turkish Agri-Food Products in the European Union and The Shanghai Cooperation Markets

This study assesses Turkey's competitiveness in the international commerce of agri-food items using harmonized product groups. The paper also looks at the future of agri-food markets in the EU and SCO. The study's primary goals were two-fold. The primary purpose was to examine if the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) could be a viable option for Turkey's agri-food exports to the European Union (EU). The second goal was to figure out whether Turkish agricultural products have a competitive edge in the SCO and EU markets. The study also looked at the competitiveness and long-term viability of Turkish agri-food exports to the EU and SCO markets. Exports, imports, foreign trade volume, foreign trade balance, exports to imports ratio, and the Lafay index (LFI) were used in the study as comparative advantage indicators. The survival function, based on the Lafay index, was also used to anticipate the export competition time for the EU and SCO markets. While the export-import ratio for fruits and vegetables was high, the ratio for live animals and animal feeds trade between Turkey and EU and SCO states was low, according to the research.
 According to the data, Turkey had a competitive advantage in the export of fruits and vegetables, as well as in trade with the EU and SCO states. The study also discovered that the period of comparative advantage enjoyed by EU and SCO countries was not similar, and that the benefit was not consistent. Despite the fact that Turkey's international trade balance with the SCO nations has been fluctuating, its foreign trade with EU members has increased. As a result, Turkey should continue to trade in agri-food in the EU market while also increasing commercial connections with SCO countries.

Testing the impact of sustainable environmental regulations on firm performance with mediating effect of product market competition: empirical evidence from Turkey.

Environmental challenges are increasingly becoming global issues due to the negatively induced effect of carbon dioxide on the natural climate and the well-being of human beings. Industrialisation has intensified the energy demand which brought the surge in the consumption of conventional non-renewable energy resources, including fossil fuels. Despite the overwhelming evidence of negative effects of utilising conventional energy on the atmosphere, there has been a steady rise in industrial production which has encouraged firms to adopt technological innovation. In this sense, many countries have developed various strategies, frameworks and regulations to reduce industrial-driven environmental degradation. Environmental-friendly compliant production technology can be an important substitute model to improve economic development. This study examines the relationship between environmental regulation and firm performance with mediating the impact of product market competition in Turkey. The study uses multi-sectoral firm-level Turkish data covering from 2004 to 2020 which was analysed via numerous methods that control for endogeneity bias. The results of generalised method of moment indicate a strong positive effect of sustainable environmental regulation (SER) on firm performance (FP). Moreover, after mediating the effect of product market competition by decomposing the firms into low product market competition (LPMC) and high product market competition (HPMC), finding reveals a negative effect of SER on FP of LMPC whereas a positive impact was found in the HPMC firms. This finding shows that HPMC compels managers to form a differentiated profit maximisation strategy. In this sense, competition can play a dedicated role in enhancing firm performance in the context of government deliberate strategies and regulations for control of the industrial negative effect on the environment. The industrial sector needs to switch from conventional energy practices to sourcing green and renewable energy that would not jeopardise the environmental quality.

Türkiye turizminin uluslararası rekabetçiliği: Dünya Ekonomik Forumu Seyahat ve Turizm Rekabetçilik Endeksi'nde Türkiye'nin görünümü

The tourism strategy of Turkey for the year 2023 focuses on sustainable tourism and international competitiveness of the Turkish tourism industry among other policy objectives such as promotion, transportation infrastructure, employment in the tourism sector, product diversification, new source markets, accommodation capacity and quality. In 2017, Turkey ranked 44th in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) compiled by the World Economic Forum. Although Turkey improved to rank 43rd in 2019, the current position of Turkey in the TTCI does not reflect international tourism demand for Turkey, which ranks 6th among all national destinations globally. Increasing Turkey's competitiveness in international tourism especially in the Mediterranean Basin will help Turkey reach its 2023 tourism goals. Based on the data and rankings in the 2019 version of the TTCI, this study analyzes Turkey's tourism competitiveness and presents findings for the development of the competitiveness of the Turkish tourism industry.

HİZMETLER TİCARETİNİN ÖNEMİ VE REKABETÇİ AVANTAJLAR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

Purpose: The services sector has been emerging as a key driver of global trade rather than merchandise trade. Together with the re-shaping role of digitalization, ICT and ICT enabled services have been of high importance for the global growth and presenting opportunities both for developed and even more for developing economies. Telecommunications, computer and information, insurance and pension, financial services, intellectual property are emphasized for being more efficient on economic growth and after the Covid-19 pandemic outbroke, the importance of ICT and related services were highlighted due to the rapid digital transformation the pandemic has triggered. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Turkey’s foreign trade competitiveness in ICT and ICT-enabled services comparing with the major exporters of aforementioned services. Method: Competitiveness of Turkey, USA, India and China are compared in the trade in services by using competitive advantage indices RCA, RXA, RMP, RTA, RC. Findings: Turkey has a surplus in its services trade, however, the sectors Turkey has competitiveness are travel and transport but not the ICT and ICT-enabled services. Digital transformation may help Turkey to both enable sustainable trade and faster recovery from pandemic. Originality: Originality of the paper comes from the indication of necessity to change the mixture of Turkey’s trade in services and the literature lacks this kind of research.

Türkiye ile Seçilmiş Ülkeler Arasında Tarımsal Katma Değer Yakınsaması: Doğrusal ve Doğrusal Olmayan Birim Kök Testleri

Tarım sektörü hem gelişmekte olan ülkeler hem de gelişmiş ülkeler için halen çok büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Küreselleşen dünyada tarım sektöründe rekabet edebilmek için katma değeri yüksek ürünler üretilmesi ve pazarlanması ülkelerin tarım politikalarını belirlemede en önemli etkenlerden biridir. Her alanda olduğu gibi tarımsal alanda da yenilikçi fikirler üretmek ve teknolojiden faydalanmak ülkelere katma değer üretmede büyük bir avantaj sağlamaktadır. Türkiye, tarımsal üretimde dünyada önemli bir yere sahiptir. Türkiye’nin tarımsal katma değer üretmedeki rekabet gücünü ölçmek amacıyla bu çalışmada seçili bazı ülkeler (Çin, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Hindistan, Brezilya ve Endonezya) ile Türkiye’nin tarımsal katma değer açısından yakınsama gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Serilere doğrusal olup olmamasına göre farklı birim kök testleri uygulanmıştır. Doğrusal seriler için Fourier KPSS birim kök testi, doğrusal olmayan seriler için Sollis birim kök testi kullanılmıştır. Birim kök testi sonuçlarına göre Türkiye tarımsal katma değerde, Çin ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ne yakınsamaktadır. Brezilya, Hindistan ve Endonezya’ya ise tarımsal katma değer yakınsaması bulunamamıştır.

The Effects of New Generation Technologies on The Sales and Marketing Strategies of Airline Companies - A case study in Turkey

Today, the use of the internet as a trading tool has led to the emergence of the concept of electronic commerce and mobile technology. The aviation industry has also adopted new technologies and has started to use it because of the fact that it is one of the leading sectors that use technology the most. The use of basing internet information technologies has a positive impact on distribution costs in airline sector. It has also given a new format to the relationships between intermediaries and customers. Airline companies also see this technology as an effective means of competition in Turkey and invest heavily in this area. It is predicted that mobile technology will shape the future of the aviation industry. This research was conducted as descriptive quantitative design aiming to determine that the effects of new generation technologies on sales and marketing strategies of the airline companies. 400 people, who participated in the survey developed by the researcher, formed the sample of the research in the Turkey. The results of the study indicate that the 18-35 (Generation Y) age group, which uses the technology and closely follows the discounts & the campaigns should be given importance in customer-oriented marketing activities. In addition, it is seen that finding reasonable tickets and saving time parameters are important for the customers and that the airline sales and marketing strategies will be shaped through the mobile in the future.

Competitiveness of Turkey in Organic Olive and Olive Oil Sector

Along with the growing interest in healthy living and nutrition in the world, the importance of production and consumption of wild olive and olive oil has been increasing in recent years. The competitiveness of industry in Turkey, not only to olive production, interest in the processing industry and commerce has boosted. Investments in olive and olive oil sectors from different sectors have increased. Starting from this approach, which is located in Turkey's two major export products of olive and olive oil sector has been the subject of this study. Comparative Export Performance (CEP) index was used to measure the competitiveness of the sector. The study covers the years 2005-2017. According to the findings obtained with the CEP index, it is seen that we do not have a competitive advantage in the olive oil sector and we have a competitive advantage in the olive sector against Egypt and Argentina. However, it has been determined that we do not have the same advantage against Spain, Greece and Morocco. Despite these results are included in Turkey's exports in the first two products in 10 countries.

The Production, Price Change, Foreign Trade and Competition Power of Onions in Turkey

Bu çalışmada Türkiye sebzeciliğinde önemli bir yere sahip olan soğanın üretimi, fiyatındaki değişim, dış ticareti ve rekabet gücü incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de 2,10 milyon ton civarında soğan (yeşil ve kuru) üretilmektedir. 2017 verilerine göre Dünya kuru soğan üretiminin % 22.23’ü Türkiye’de üretilmiştir. Son yıllarda (2016) Türkiye’nin toplam soğan ihracatı ve ithalatı sırasıyla 105 ve 20 bin ton kadardır. Soğan fiyatlarının 2005-2017 döneminde yıldan yılla artan azalan bir seyir izlediği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte 2005 yılı fiyatlarına göre 2018 yılında yeşil soğan fiyatları 2.37 kuru soğan fiyatları ise 2.61 katı artmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin soğanda rekabet gücü (karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğünün) 2012-2014 döneminde derecesi zayıf iken, 2015-2016 döneminde bir avantajının olmadığı (dezavantaj) tespit edilmiştir.

Resource based view in the Turkish construction sector and resource selection with ANP technique

The competitive environment observed in the international construction sector has reflected in the Turkish construction sector through joint projects. In order to achieve competitive advantage in joint construction projects and to achieve success against national competitors, it is necessary to review resource selection strategies. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to look at the resource selection criteria of the construction companies in terms of International Resource-Based Theory. The 77 resources of the construction firms reviewed during this study were evaluated by taking into consideration their ability to be strategic resource and their competitive advantages. In this study, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools and technique, which has been spoken as a resource that will benefit competition in Turkey in recent years, was discussed as an objective and the research problem was whether BIM is a strategic resource or not. In the resource evaluation process, resources should be listed and evaluated by firm employees and managers. In the survey conducted for this purpose, construction firms were asked to select the resources they already had from the resource pool of the research and to score only 9 important resources. To establish vertical hierarchy and horizontal relationships, the obtained results of the evaluation were analyzed by using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method. In the established hierarch, the objective was BIM and the selection criteria were VRIO criteria including Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Organization, which are the resource selection criteria of the Resource-Based Theory. The scores obtained as a result of the survey study applied to the Turkish construction firms were reflected to the ANP technique. While the data processed with the Super Decisions software provides numerical and quantitative comparisons of resources in the construction sector, it also points to a selected set of resources that can work with BIM.

Youth Work in Turkey: A Sector Newly Emerging and Marked by Political Competition

Youth work is a very recent field in Turkey and the evolution of the field has been very much influenced by the European institutions, especially with the European Union candidacy process of Turkey. Youth work in Turkey can be analyzed in three different layers since the central government, local government (municipalities) and civil society organization all have youth work activities. During our Horizon 2020 PARTISPACE research project, we conducted ethnographic research to shed light on the local characteristics of youth work in a central Anatolian city in Turkey. The cases we discuss in the scope of this paper based on our ethnographic research includes two youth centers, one run by a central government agency, the Ministry of Youth and Sports, the other by a local municipality run by the party of opposition. The study reveals the influence of local dynamics and political competition in the development of youth policy and youth work. Our research demonstrates that, even if youth work is not a priority in the public policy agenda, it has become an object of political competition in Turkey.

BİR SES YARIŞMASI FİNALİST TERCİHLERİNİN GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL ANALİZİ

Human beings while communicate uses various symbols. Communication takes places as a result of the meaning of symbols that have been used by receivers. Dozen of symbols around us such as traffic lights, direction signs, warning signals used to give us some meaningful messages. Semiotics is a sciencedealing wsth basically means that the symbol of all kinds encountered in the communication process.Today on media dozen of products which movie and commpetition programme is made available for comsumer and viewers. One common approach is to be marketed worldwide as foreign competition format.. In this study , presented at the general world of voice competition in Turkey published the section of the preferences they have made the finalists were analyzed in terms of semiotics. We have tried to determine the diffrerences betweeen the preferences of competitors in terms of social provisions.

Antecedents of brand love: a research on bank customers

The aim of this study in this direction is to determine the possible effects of the variables such as experience period, consumer trust, costumer satisfaction and brand novelty in the banking sector, in which there is an intense competition, on brand love. The study was conducted by questionnaire on the customers of two different banks which were reached by convenience sampling method. Research findings show that satisfaction, trust and brand innovation variables are a positive influence on brand love. On the other hand, there was no significant effect of experience period on brand love. For a high level brand love, it is expected that the brand constantly renews itself and the customer is satisfied and that the brand is reliable in the eyes of the consumers. When brands can achieve them, they can increase the desire of the customer to repurchase, recommend the brand to others, and pay more for the brand. It can be considered as that creating brand love is more difficult in sectors where competition is intense as many companies are trying to convince the same target audience. One of these sectors, where there is intense competition in Turkey, is the banking sector. Banks in this sector use a variety of tools or devices to attract consumers from their competitors. The concept of brand love can create a competitive advantage for banks as one of these tools.

Where the AKP Stands: A Manifesto-Based Approach to Party Competition in Turkey

Using the Manifesto Project’s dataset, this article considers two questions: Where does the AKP stand vis-à-vis other parties in Turkey? What were the dynamics of party competition in recent Turkish elections? With regards to the first question, the article finds that the AKP’s manifestos are closer to those of center-right parties in Turkey, rather than to those of Islamist parties. It also finds that in the AKP’s overall discourse, the most important and persistent element is a focus on technocratic issues, referring to promises such as more investment in education, cultural activities, and technology and infrastructure, which are relatively uncontroversial in Turkey. With regards to the second question, the main finding of the paper is that dramatic re-arrangements happened in the relative positions of the parties, mostly involving the CHP (the main opposition party) which experienced major shifts in its attitude towards nationalism and new left issues in each of the last two elections. The AKP and the MHP increasingly became more nationalist in successive elections in the 2000s, and all parties put increasingly more emphasis on technocratic issues, reflecting a fierce competition in that field.

COMPARISON OF TURKEY WITH SOME NEW MEMBERS OF THE EU IN TERMS OF COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE STRUCTURE

Following the accession of ten new members to the European Union (EU) in May 2004, discussions about Turkey's new competitive position with regard to a larger EU became even more prominent in both Europe and Turkey. The main goal of this study is to provide a comparative analysis on macroeconomic performance, trade structure and competitiveness of Turkey and four new members of the EU, namely the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Estonia. We employ Balassa's revealed comparative advantage approach to assess Turkey's competitiveness against the four new members in .five commodity groups. Our results suggest that Turkey has a comparative advantage in raw material, labour and partly capital intensive goods against all of the four new members excluding Estonia. However, Turkey appears to have a comparative disadvantage in researchoriented products which require a higher level of technology and investment. Keywords: Competitiveness, Turkey-EU Trade, Revealed Comparative Advantage.

English

Nowadays, in the new world order caused by economic globalization, technological and political changes in world economy result in changes in the competitiveness of the countries. Everyday, countries intensify their effort to gain, develop and protect their power to compete with other countries. Today, even the most developed countries are trying to strengthen their competitiveness in order to enlarge their share in the world economy. Turkey desires to increase its competitiveness in all sectors in order to raise the welfare level of its people and to speed up its economic growth. Turkey endeavors to increase its competitiveness against EU, who is one of the most important economic partners of Turkey, in all sectors. In this study, the period of 1980-2010 is used to measure the competitiveness of Turkey towards the EU countries and aims to achieve predictions for the future, and the watermark.

AÇIKLANMIŞ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ÜSTÜNLÜKLER EKSENİNDE REKABET GÜCÜNÜN ANALİZİ: TÜRK-ÇİN DIŞ TİCARETİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

The purpose of this study is to determine the location of the Chinese economy in the world trade and the scope of trade relations with Turkey to analyze the effects of the Chinese economy. In this context, Turkey's competitiveness against China is determined by using Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage index within ISIC Rev.4. According to the findings, by the end of 2013 there were five industry which possess RCAB > 0,5. These industries are defined as, mining of metal ores and other mining and quarrying, in manufactiring industry manufacture of food products and manufacture of beverages, in water supply; sewerage, in waste management and remediation activities industry water collection, waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; materials recovery.

Current snapshot of the Turkish ESCO market

Turkey's Energy Efficiency Law (EEL), enacted in 2007, had been expected to transform the energy policies in government and private sectors, and offer opportunities for, then-impending, Turkish Energy Service Company (ESCO) market. Yet, the communiqué of the EEL related to ESCOs was released only recently in July 2012. In this work, we review the current status of the ESCO market in Turkey. We provide an outlook through the recent legal communiqué and present barriers, enabling factors, and opportunities, supported by country's financial and economic facts. ESCO-financing mechanism prevailing and the sources of financing in the country are also mentioned. The communiqué on ESCOs fits well in the chain of regulatory attempts to increase Turkey's competitiveness in the global markets. However, we anticipate that some of its principles and procedures to be enforced may be deterrent for small-scale candidate ESCOs and may slow down the expected development of the Turkish ESCO market. Otherwise, the communiqué should lead restructuring of a stronger ESCO market in Turkey.