Freedom Of Communication Research Articles

Cyber상의 위험과 재난으로부터 자유와 안전을 보장할 제어국가의 법적 규제

The 4th industrial revolution is changing the way of life of individuals, the shape of freedom, and the structure of the market and society, which were identified in the national law, constitution, and administrative law. Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicle, drones, smart cities, smart factories, Fintech, cloud computing, 5G, etc. are making the cyber world and the real world work through various connections and convergence. Therefore, cyber risks and disasters seriously and continuously bring new violations of fundamental rights and market disturbances in a hyper-connected society. Technologies such as cyber hacking, which disrupt the market and infringe on citizens' fundamental rights, continue to develop. The enemies of freedom and society who carry out cyber attacks are wide and diverse in the form, scope, and aspect of the violation to the extent that the state or local governments cannot easily respond and overcome. Cyber dangers and disasters are instilling a common and widespread anxiety among citizens. This threatens freedom, which is the premise of a civil rule of law state. It also infringes on credibility, which is the premise of a communicative civil society. It undermines safety, which is the condition for the fusion of science and the humanities. The list of fundamental rights infringed by this includes the general freedom of action, freedom of expression, right to privacy and self-determination of personal information, basic IT rights, freedom and safety of life and body, freedom of residence, freedom of communication, property rights, and the right to be rescued from criminal damage, the right to claim protection from risks and disasters. Unlike fundamental rights in the offline society, the list of basic rights in cyberspace such as housing and freedom of telecommunication is not strictly separated but has a complex and overlapping nature. In this article, the author subdivides the basic IT rights that have recently been recognized by the German Federal Constitutional Court and presents them as the right to demand confidentiality, the right to demand integrity, and the right to demand availability. The subject of national laws that will guarantee freedom and safety against cyber risks and disasters should no longer be unilaterally limited to the state. Local governments as well as markets in which businesses and individuals participate should be included. This is because reliance on the conventional liberal view of the state, an social state view, and the privatized state view will lead to market failure and government failure again. Now, the state, local governments, and the market should work together to share responsibility for cyber risks and disasters and cooperate. The State shall ensure that it fulfills its guarantee responsibilities based on the guarantee state(Gewährleistungsstaat) view. The state should respect the autonomy of the market from the point of view of the Steering State(Steuerungsstaat) and, can only exceptionally, closely regulate the market to intervene when it cannot solve the problem on its own. When the market goes well autonomously, Government should step back again. As an Active State, the Government should smartly carry out deregulation and soft regulation in parallel with existing commanding regulations. The existing traditional commanding regulations, such as various administrative actions and administrative penalties, should be reduced, and the legal basis for those should be clearly placed in the laws and regulations rather than relying on guidelines or administrative inner rules. According to the public law, the proportion of non-powerful means such as contracts and administrative guidance, as well as new means of securing effectiveness such as charges and the publication of lists (Naming and Shaming) should be increased.

On the Degrees of Freedom of IRS-Assisted Non-Coherent MIMO Communications

In this letter, we consider the problem of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) assisted non-coherent MIMO communications. The transmitter employs non-coherent MIMO codes and we allow the IRS to send its own information by switching the phases of some/all of its reflecting elements. We prove that the phase-modulated information from the IRS is completely transparent to the non-coherent MIMO transmitter and receiver, with no need for any performance provisioning or even knowing that the IRS is transmitting data. Moreover, we characterize the achievable degrees of freedom of the proposed transmission scheme gained by allowing the IRS to send extra data. We show that although non-coherent communications do not require channel estimates at the receiver, IRSs can still be used to enhance performance as more energy can be geared towards the receiver, although no co-phasing is done in our case. Moreover, the IRS can increase the achievable degrees of freedom of the system without requiring any extra power at the IRS.

Digital Media Design for Dynamic Gesture Interaction with Image Processing

With the rapid development of human-computer interaction technology and research in the fields of ergonomics and user experience, people have increasingly demanded robot availability and ease of use. The rapid development of modern computer computing and digital media technology has made people’s contact and interaction with computers more and more frequent, and they have appeared more in people’s daily lives. Therefore, the convenience and freedom of computer communication have been proposed. Based on the above background, the research content of this paper is the design of dynamic gesture interactive digital media based on image processing. This paper proposes a design scheme of an interactive touch system based on image processing and a dynamic gesture recognition method and uses the time difference method to experimentally simulate the system proposed in this paper. Image processing is the technique of analyzing images with a computer to achieve the desired results. Image processing technology generally includes three parts: image compression, enhancement and restoration, and matching, description, and recognition. The experimental results show that, for the same motion trajectory, the accuracy depends on the complexity of the gesture degree. And the system’s recognition accuracy rate is always maintained above 98%, confirming that the system has the performance requirements of high recognition accuracy, fast response speed, and stable work. Finally, the system was tested for performance and function, which verified that the system meets the real-time requirements. For a particular gesture operator, the accuracy rate has a great relationship with the standard degree of its operation. If the similarity with the model is high, you can achieve a high recognition rate.

Переписка И.В. Киреевского с А.С. Пушкиным и П.А. Вяземским в свете развития жанра дружеского письма 1830-х годов

The epistolary genre, especially in the invariant of friendly writing, flourished in the first third of the 19th century, when it played an important role in the development of literature, becoming, according to the famous definition of Yu.N. Tynyanov, a “literary fact”. The letter acted as a creative “laboratory”, allowing writers to experiment freely, then apply the results of experiments in prose and poetry. At the same time, it itself was comprehended as a text of literary value. Hence the great attention of writers to him, in particular A. Pushkin and his correspondent friends. Their correspondence has been widely studied, and on its basis a scientific understanding of the epistolary culture of the first third of the 19th century has been compiled. At the same time, attention has ignored a significant part of the epistolary heritage of their contemporaries — in particular, I.V. Kireevsky. Meanwhile, he was also gifted with literary talent, organically included in the cultural context of the era, was in friendly correspondence with a large number of people, including A.I. Koshelev, A.V. Venevitinov, E.A. Baratynsky, N.M. Yazykov, V.F. Odoevsky, S.A. Sobolevsky, Р.А. Vyazemsky, A.S. Pushkin himself, etc. We are interested in his epistolary communication with the latter two. Both of them were not among his closest friends. He did not communicate with them for long — only in the early 1830s — in connection with the publication of his magazine “European” and on other business issues. So, the reason for the letter has always been business. However, writing “on business” does not necessarily mean writing a business letter. It seems important to raise the question of how the aforementioned correspondence correlates with the friendly correspondence of that time, the tone of which was primarily determined by Pushkin’s epistolary works. The poet-genius wrote only two letters to Kireevsky — the same as Kireevsky to him. All four texts are very literary, abound in tropes, combine benevolence and light humor, reveal that special freedom of communication that only friendly writing enjoyed. Their authors, both literary men, speak to each other in the same language, perfectly understood by both. But if Kireevsky is restrained at times, scrupulously observes epistolary etiquette, if at times he excessively piles up paths, if, finally, he departs from the epistolary tradition, for example, replacing writing with a literary-critical article — and creates, in essence, not friendly, but semi-friendly-semi-daily, or friendly-business letters, then Pushkin remains within the framework of the traditions of friendly epistolography, at the same time he boldly pushes them apart, offering his correspondent a very “correct” and at the same time free-bold version of a friendly letter. Kireevsky is trying to learn from him. He uses Pushkin's experience, in particular, in his correspondence with Vyazemsky, in which he feels obviously more relaxed than in an epistolary dialogue with a poet of the first magnitude. Unfortunately, Vyazemsky’s letters to Kireevsky are unknown. And there are five of Kireevsky’s messages to him. Unlike letters to Pushkin, they are friendly. The author in them quite boldly experiments with the genre possibilities of friendly writing, however, without going beyond the traditions of epistolography of the 1830s. So, he resorts to parodying features of business correspondence and parodying them mixing with features of friendly correspondence, is engaged in “word creation”. These are the traditions of “buffoonery”–“galimate” Arzmamas writing. Although cautiously, Kireevsky combines them with the dosed-in traditions of confidential-confessional epistolography, which were relevant at the end of the 18th — beginning of the 19th centuries, and unclaimed by Pushkin and his correspondent friends in the 1830s.

Accelerating the Nature Deficit or Enhancing the Nature-Based Human Health during the Pandemic Era: An International Study in Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, and Myanmar, following the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic

In modern society, the opportunity to experience nature is separate from everyday life, requiring time and effort. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on freedom of activity and communication around the world have become a crisis, causing a nature deficit by accelerating the process of separation from nature. At the same time, the pandemic has increased people’s motivation to return to nature, providing an opportunity to seek experiences and health recovery in nature. The authors conducted an international cross-sectional study in five Asian countries, investigating changes in the perception of recreational activities and health restoration in the natural environment, one of the many effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on human society. An online survey, completed by 524 respondents, has confirmed the efficacy of the SEM model, which includes COVID-19 stress, increased indoor activity, a preference for the natural environment, and the perception of health recovery. Although the five countries had different response values for each theme, the stress caused by restricted activities and communication during the pandemic was linked to a preference for natural experiences and the motivation to visit natural environments in all five countries, ultimately affecting perceptions of health recovery in nature. This study has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic, a disaster afflicting all human civilization, has changed people’s perceptions by enhancing their preference for natural recreational activities and health. It has accelerated people’s return to nature and fostered a positive perception of nature’s ability to promote good health.

Freedom of Communication in Science in the Context of the Development of Modern Information and Communication Technologies

Abstract The article presents the idea of freedom of communication and science in the context of contemporary trends related to the development of modern information and communication technologies. The research was carried out by means of literature analysis, observation, desk research, and statistical surveys, including estimated data on changes, for example in the labour market. Reference was made to the paradigm shift in the use of information and communication technologies as a result of the pandemic. Attention was also paid to the influence of technology on the sphere of scientific and public information. As a result of the research, changes related to the use of artificial intelligence have been noted, including threats related to the impact of technology on humans and the environment. Another problem is the lack of knowledge about these threats and the uncritical adoption of new technological innovations. Automated decision-making systems do not follow clear rules on accountability for the possible effects of adverse reactions. On the other hand, the development of technology is causing a revolution in the field of open access to scientific data, free of charge and without legal and technological barriers

Discursive worldview of convergent radio: The aspects of axiological modeling

The article describes the linguistic and communicative effects of convergent radio, which combines technological and sociocultural features of the Internet and analogue broadcasting. The article is focused on the discursive realization specifics of technological and sociocultural phenomenon — convergent radio. The process combining different media platforms has provoked the interest of linguists in the way of implementing linguistic and communicative structures within the boundaries of discursive media practice. This study addresses the thesis on the status of information constructed in social network discourse in the process of communicative interaction of users. The possibility of self-expression and formation of the addressee`s identity indicates a change in his role as a passive subject (the recipient of information). The user of a radio network resource becomes an active subject of discourse and creates its semantic space. The discourse of convergent radio offers the subject a greater degree of freedom in resource management and communication, but at the same time determines the nature of these actions, realizing their goals and strategies. The method of qualitative critical discourse analysis, aimed at identifying ways of organizing dialogic interaction and mechanisms for managing the speech activity of subjects of communication, makes it possible to identify the specifics of value modeling within the boundaries of discursive media practice. This work deepens the problem of axiological modeling of media pictures of the world, which are considered not only in the aspect of images broadcast by the authors of media texts, but also from the point of view of those meanings that are formed in the processes of communicative interaction of addressees. The allocation of the dynamic, activity aspect of the formation of the media worldview presupposes the consideration as a key unit of analysis of communication fragments of the addressees-users.

Expanding Geographical Indication protection at any cost? A critique of the EU law of evocation

As the major pillar of the EU’s quality policy on agricultural products, Geographical Indications (GIs) are protected in the EU at a level significantly higher than in other jurisdictions. Through multilateral and bilateral negotiations, the EU aims to ensure a similar high protection level as is provided in other countries’ national legislations, which has already generated much debate globally. This article focuses on a recent trend in the EU for further enhancing the level of GI protection. By way of reviewing the CJEU’s application of the EU GI regulations that protect GIs against evocation, this article reveals that the scope of GI protection has been extended greatly with an increasingly broad interpretation of evocation by the CJEU. It further traces the source of the evocation provision and examines potential rationales behind GI protection against evocation. It concludes that it lacks legislative tradition and solid justifications to expand the scope of GI protection via the evocation clause. Such a high level of GI protection against evocation, mostly driven by reasons of policy, will lead to a risk of monopoly of techniques and production of certain types of products, and is enforced at the cost of the freedom of communication, trade and industry of other agricultural operators in the EU. Moreover, non-EU countries need to understand the European approach to GI protection, particularly concerning the scope of protection, before they support or adopt it.

Teacher Candidates’ Views about the Effects of Information and Communication Technologies on Human Rights and Freedoms

The recent rapid developments in technology have caused great changes in all areas of human life. This study aimed to determine the views of teacher candidates on the rights and freedoms affected by information and communication technologies (e.g., telephone, computer, and internet). The study was carried out in the spring term of the 2020-2021 academic year, and the sample consisted of 100 volunteer teacher candidates studying the "Human Rights and Democracy Course" at the Faculty of Education of Yozgat Bozok University. The data of this qualitative research were collected through teacher candidates’ compositions and were analyzed using content analysis. According to the results of the research, the rights and freedoms that are thought to be positively affected by the use of information and communication technologies are as follows: freedom to obtain and disseminate information, freedom of communication, right and duty of education, right to congregate / right of organization, right to legal remedies, freedom of expression and dissemination of thought, and right to enter public services. The negatively affected rights and freedoms are determined as privacy of private life, right to request the protection of his/her personal data, personal liberty and security, freedom of information and dissemination, and right to health. To minimize the negative impact of information and communication technologies on rights and freedoms, teacher candidates expressed some suggestions such as information and communication technologies education, human rights education, sanction/punishment, personal security measures, and increasing supervision.

Інтеракції ненависті як елемент інформаційної війни та насильства

Behind the tokens of aggression and intolerance is the will of communicators and «their» understanding of moral values and principles, as well as the concept of freedom of communication and justice. The level of consciousness of the recipient, the speaker – is different: it regulates the maximization or minimization of the choice of communication tools. The maximum

A percepção de jovens da Geração Z sobre o trabalho com tecnologia em Startups

The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of young people from Generation Z about working with technology in technology-based startups. In both international and national literature, there are few researches that articulate discussions on startups, Industry 4.0 and Generation Z, such contemporary themes. Qualitative in nature, this study was based on semi-structured interviews with twelve young people who work in technology-based startups in the city of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais). Young people's narratives about working with technology were enthusiastic. At startups, what attracts them most is the ability to develop, even at the expense of remuneration. They value horizontal management, flexible hours and workplaces, freedom of communication and the autonomy granted. In addition, young people reported disadvantages related to work at startups, such as high pressure and demands, which lead to anxiety and stress. The difficulty of balancing professional and personal life and job insecurity were also identified by young people as challenges experienced in the technological work environment.

A Tale of Two Forms of Protest

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered extraordinary legislative and executive responses across the globe. In 2020, the Victorian Government used, for the first time, powers in the Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008 (Vic) to impose significant restrictions on the freedoms of the public. This article considers the powers to make directions under the Victorian regime and the potential relevance of the implied freedom of political communication in the Australian Constitution and the human rights protected by the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic). We conclude that some forms of protest activity may have remained lawful during the Victorian lockdowns, although the purpose of the protest activity and the manner of protest may be relevant considerations when adopting a Charter-consistent interpretation of the statutory provisions.

Глоболокализация versus русофония: поиск альтернативы гибридности и кросс-культурности

The relevance of the research topic is due to social contradictions caused by the proliferation of glovolocalization, transculturation and translocality projects in the global culture, associated with the active implementation of the manipulative practices of adaptation of linguistic and cultural locuses to the global market. Hybridity as a basic property of postmodernity requires the interpretation of these projects on the basis of new methodological premises: philosophy of media, structuralism and poststructuralism, critical theory. The neoliberal hehemony lays in the basis of these projects an imaginary tolerant cross-cultural phenomenon, which often makes it difficult to identify the deepest paradoxes of their repressiveness. The central project of cross-culture today is glocalism. The aim of the research is to carry out a comparative analysis of global localization and Russophony as alternative (pragmatic and ethical) ways of resolving hybrid conflicts between cultures and finding ways of dialogue at the global (world) and local (Russian) levels. As a result of the analysis of materials on glocalization, the author comes to the conclusion about the existence of a number of legitimate contradictions in glocalism, the main ones of which are: the contradiction between capital and labor, time and space; the contradiction between ethical universalism and the economic particularism of the market; the contradiction between the imaginary freedom of horizontal communication and the asymmetric governing structure of organized haos; the contradiction between transnational companies and the state, which risks losing its national and civilizational subjectivity; the contradiction between the promises to the regions from transnational companies and the real possibilities of the regions; double codes in relation to protest movements in globalist and anti-globalist regions. As an alternative to glocalization in relation to Russia and a number of other countries, including Ukraine, we propose a solidarity project of Russophony as a mechanism of linguistic solidarization of cultural subjects on civilizational, cultural and symbolic grounds.

Dignity as a Constitutional Value: Abortion, Political Communication and Proportionality

This article examines the High Court of Australia’s treatment of the concept of dignity as both a value animating the implied freedom of political communication and as a legitimate reason to limit the exercise of that freedom. It does so through the lens of Clubb v Edwards, Preston v Avery, where the Court found that laws establishing safe access zones around abortion clinics were compatible with the implied freedom. The use of dignity as a prism through which to view the interests at stake in both abortion and speech cases is a familiar feature of developments abroad, and the Court has laid the foundations for recognition of dignity as one of the axiological bases of the implied freedom in a manner that generally emphasises individual autonomy over other conceptions of dignity that might be described as operating as a constraint on behaviour to protect other interests. Yet, while the Court has used dignity as the common measure with which to commensurate competing claims, it has yet to convincingly address concerns regarding incommensurability that attend the balancing stage of proportionality review, not to mention the potential objection that its reliance on dignity is not properly grounded in the text and structure of the Constitution. In light of these issues, the role of dignity ought to be tethered to its central role in facilitating political participation so as to more clearly link the concept to the text and structure of the Constitution, and to identify what is at stake when women’s ability to access reproductive health care is impaired or denied.

PHILOSOPHY OF THE MODERN TEXT: THE FEATURES OF THE NARRATIVE STRUCTURE

The article deals with the problem of the philosophy of the text as a complex episteme of modern humanitarian discourse. The issue of the specifics of the narrative structure, the polyphony of the text in the dialogical space of modern literary discourse is actualized. It is proposed to consider the text in two aspects: the text as an autonomous object of reflection and the text as a code. Literary practices are investigated from the point of view of identifying mechanisms for the implementation of a given narrative structure and a voluminous descriptive plan of the text.The production of metatext is becoming one of the most significant trends in modern Kazakh prose, especially the novel genre. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the nuclear concepts of the narrative and their interaction with other elements of the poetics of the text. It is determined that the narrative frame of the text can be formed linearly and linearly. The philosophy of the text is inextricably linked with the general narratological postulate of eventfulness and a specific hierarchy of events, characters in the work. It is determined that the conceptual task of Kazakh historical romance is a panoramic examination of the complex historical and cultural ties of ancient nomadic and sedentary states. A combination of the traditional lyric-epic, realistic and postmodern aspects, the interaction of ethno-and foreign-cultural elements within one text is investigated. This approach determines the style of the text, deepening its philosophical and worldview content.Jamie E. Carroll's idea of ​​“transition from the text as a complete work to the text” with potentially maximum wide interpretive and communicative freedom seems to be productive when considering the philosophy of the text, its narrative specificity. In this case, the emergence of texts with a predominantly hybrid genre-style nature (novel-essay, novel-requiem, journalistic story, etc.) is possible.

Heed the call: the implied freedom of political communication and the terrorism high-risk offenders regime

ABSTRACT Since 2020, the Terrorism (High-Risk Offenders) Act 2017 (NSW) (THRO Act) has increasingly become a frontier for contestation about the implied freedom of political communication and the maintenance of community safety. In closely considering two recent decisions, State of New South Wales v Cheema (Preliminary) [2020] NSWSC 876 and Cheema v State of New South Wales [2020] NSWCA 190, this article analyses the courts’ use of a deeming provision to prove that an offender has advocated support for a terrorist act or violent extremism. I argue that these decisions have significant implications for the rights of offenders convicted of indictable offences and journalists who seek to engage in political communication. I further argue contrary to the reasoning in the decisions, that the THRO Act has the real capacity to burden the implied freedom of political communication in extending the State’s powers to subject individuals to supervision and detention after expiry of their sentences in a way that is disproportionate to the end of maintaining community safety. In doing so, I seek to draw attention to the THRO Act’s extraordinary ambit in a call for wider scholarly attention as provisions such as that under examination are increasingly frequently invoked.

Social Dance as a Phenomenon of Modern Dance Practice

The article is devoted to the study of social dance as a phenomenon of modern dance practice. It is emphasized that in modern culture there is an increase in interest in social dance, which necessitates a theoretical understanding of this phenomenon in particular and dance culture in general from the standpoint of modern science, because at the moment its level does not correspond to the degree of practical interest in social dance. It is stated that for most world civilizations, dance in general and social dance in particular, is one of the most important expressions of their worldview, which represents both historical and contemporary cultural values. And forms of movement illuminate and define gender, shape personal and group identity, and reflect and define political and religious status and aesthetic values. Thanks to advances in the media, social dance is now one of the most popular pastimes in the world, combining dance forms of past centuries with new ones, such as hip-hop and contact improvisations. The study found that the phenomenon of social dance in the context of dance practice in the XXI century. is an organic combination of elements of various areas of dance culture with the culture of modern society, as well as the promotion of philosophical and ideological paradigm of freedom of movement and communication in dance.

The Sixties in Berlin and in Hollywood: City with a Wall in Its Center—The Attempt to Erase the German Past

The Sixties in Berlin and in Hollywood: City with a Wall in Its Center—The Attempt to Erase the German Past

Disinformation, Deepfakes and Democracies: The Need for Legislative Reform

Rapid technological advancement is changing the way that political parties, voters, and media platforms engage with each other. This along with cultural change has led to an emerging era of disinformation and misinformation driven by both domestic and foreign actors. Political deepfakes, videos created through the use of artificial intelligence, allow individuals to rapidly create fake videos indistinguishable from true content. These videos have the capacity to undermine voter trust and could alter electoral outcomes. Regulating disinformation however raises significant free speech concerns, as well as questions about where liability should fall. In particular, holding large technology and media platforms accountable for content could lead to unintended chilling effects around freedom of expression, harming rather than protecting democratic institutions. Proposed regulations should therefore be carefully analysed through the framework of the implied freedom of political communication, ensuring that any new laws are proportionate and tailored to the threat they seek to prevent. This article analyses how current Australian law interacts with political deepfakes and proposes two targeted amendments to our federal electoral regulations to reduce the threat they pose to elections.

Measurement of multiplexed fractional vortices with integer mode interval

In recent years, light’s orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been used as a new degree of freedom in both classical and quantum communications. Fractional vortex (FV) with non-integer topological charge (TC) has been used in optical communication to increase transmission capacity and improve security capability. However, it is difficult to detect multiplexed FVs accurately, which restricts the application of FV in optical communications. In this work, we reported a scheme to detect TCs of multiplexing FVs with integer OAM mode intervals. It started by raising an algorithm that can calculate the TC of a single FV with the intensities of two integer vortices and a correction function. Then, based on this algorithm, multiplexing FVs with discrete TCs were regarded as four (three) integer vortices and the corresponding TCs could also be measured by the intensities of two integer OAM modes. The experiments were employed to measure multiplexed FVs in the range from −6.9 to +6.9 for proving the strategy, and the results showed that the TC measurement error is less than 0.023. This multiplexed FVs detection scheme can increase the number of available vortex modes in a certain range, which might inspire wide optical communication applications of FV beams.