Philosophical Community Research Articles

Присвоение философского Конгресса

Communication of philosophers is one of the necessary conditions for holding International Philosophical Congresses. This article problematizes the format of a philosophical congress concerning political and scientific congresses, on the one hand, and international art forums and biennials, on the other. The author notes that another area related to philosophy – poetry – also has a congress format in several competitions, but it differs significantly from a philosophical congress. In addition, the article focuses on the problem of locality and univer­sality in the production of philosophical concepts. The author pays special atten­tion to the language of global philosophical forums, emphasizing that it evolved under the influence of a shift in the socio-economic and cultural center. To the ex­tent that philosophy is inseparable from culture and the language spoken by the philosopher, it recognizes itself as a part of the culture, as a derivative of topos and its time. The author believes that to increase interest in the origins of Russian thought, it would be appropriate to expand the area of exchange of views at national conferences and world congresses. Such an instrument can be philosophical and related prizes, since they contribute to the growth of in­terest in Russian thought, and also constitute a reliable basis for philosophical communication.

ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІАЛ САМОТНОСТІ В СУЧАСНІЙ ПОЛЬСЬКІЙ ПРОЗІ (ЗА РОМАНОМ ЯНУША ЛЕОНА ВИШНЕВСЬКОГО "САМОТНІСТЬ У МЕРЕЖІ")

The philosophical and literary discourse of existentialism has witnessed the loss of man's existence as a lcomfort zoner, instead outlining the onset of averaged, false existence. A man persecuted by fears and insecurity, loss, meaninglessness of his life, preferred to escape from reality, which every time puts before him new difficult demands. As a defense mechanism, escapism takes many forms, but the fact that co-existence with the Other, integrity acquires attribute features of a simulacrum or a phantom, remains undeniable. Pluralism and mosaicism, the simulation of human authenticity exacerbate the tragedy of an individualized, monadic being dominated by the existential loneliness.n The problem of the nature and essence of loneliness has a significant place in literary, philosophical, religious, psychological and other practices. The actuality and lslippager of the essence of this existential is due to its inherent ambivalence, in particular, the researchers stated the presence of externaln/ internal, goodn/ bad, situationaln/ chronic, malen/ female loneliness. Every attempt at phenomenological reduction, the attempt to ltake it in parenthesesr raises even more questions. It is natural that the existentiality of loneliness has become a productive part of the artistic practices of contemporary world literature. Writers propose its variant comprehension: from loneliness as separation from oneself and the world to the solitude of lhoveringr in the dimension of lno-Otherr. The proposed studio focuses on the peculiarities of the artistic presentation of the existential loneliness in contemporary Polish literature. An illustration was Janusz Leon Wiśniewski's debut novel, Loneliness on the Net. Through the lens of communicative philosophy, the change in understanding of loneliness as an expectation of meeting with the lOtherr to loneliness as an attribute of modern human being is shown. The work articulates different kinds of it, when a person is paradoxically doomed to loneliness, because there is no Other (or that significant Other), or when he meets another, but does not receive the desired harmonious co-existence.

L.P. Karsavin’s dialogue metaphysics

In the introduction, the topicality of formation of dialogue culture in contemporary society is substantiated. Dialogue is regarded as a way of overcoming aggressive-conflictual forms of «social communication» (L. Karsavin’s term). The aim of the research is to present L. Karsavin’s metaphysics as a philosophy of dialogue. The research tasks are to point out both peculiarities of L. Karsavin’s philosophical thinking and the ways he interprets the problem of dialogue. There were employed the following research methods: biographical, hermeneutical, cultural-semantic analysis. Research result was a conceptual assessment of L. Karsavin’s philosophical study as a «philosophy of dialogue». Traditionally, the thinker’s body of work is referred to as either «metaphysics of unitotality» or Christian-Orthodox rationalism (according to P. Gaidenko, V. Zenkovsky, N. Motroshilova, S. Khoruzhiy, B. Yakovenko and others). Nevertheless, the article argues that it makes sense to determine L. Karsavin’s philosophical path as a search for opportunities and conditions for evolving the culture of dialogue. The metaphysics of the Other is represented by Karsavin: as a link between personality and the «Other» (Absolute); as a cosmic mission of a human being; as a human destiny as it is («intermutual unity with the beloved»); as a communicative nature of «social personalities» that determine each other’s lives. Within the framework of the research discussion, the works of the following scientists were particularly interesting: E. Kovaleva, Yu. Melikh, O. Nazarova, S. Khoruzhiy and others, who draw attention to the issues like those: the role of consistency in the development of cultural traditions; the link between the philosopher’s personalism and European philosophy; understanding intercultural philosophical communication as a dialogue of cultures; introducing the concept of «ontological drama», which underlies an appropriate interpretation of Karsavin’s study etc. Author’s reflections on the problem posed in the article were constructed according to «complementarity principle». Conclusions: the dialogue is presented in L. Karsavin’s works as a fundamental principle of philosophizing, a metaphysical problem, a philosophical genre. The following categories of Karsavin’s discourse – multi-unity, symphonic personalities, culture as a symphonic personality, the world of the other people, etc. – enables us to reveal the meaning of the dialogue as a way of overcoming the antagonisms of the being.

FOSSILIZATION, COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Fossilization was first defined in 1972 as a failure, or an ultimate attainment in adult second language acquisition that falls short of native-speaker competence. It represents a final stage in the interlanguage development of the individual learner and characterizes all but a very few adult second language learners. Over the 40 years or so since the term appeared, fossilization in adult second language acquisition has come to be widely accepted by scholars as a genuinely existing phenomenon. Fossilization is now viewed as permanent and resistant to correction either through instruction or acculturation. However, no universally accepted definition or explanation of fossilization has achieved universal acceptance. This paper attempts to add an extralinguistic perspective on fossilization and its possible outcome in the communicative practice of adult L2 speakers by building a bridge between linguistics and teaching languages, on the one hand, and philosophy of communication, on the other. Habermasian concept of communicative rationality is applied to demonstrate that oratory and writing skills ensure a more significant role in a dialogue, which seems to be sufficient grounds for fighting fossilization. In terms of the theory of speech acts, the paper attempts to trace the mechanism of fossilizing in a transition from the inner space of an individual consciousness and intent (illocution) to the outer space of the perlocutionary consequence when a locutionary distortion of the speech itself does not affect the speaker’s intent and he / she receives no feedback of the error made. Several factors inhibiting the effectiveness of such corrective feedback are touched upon, as well as certain strategies adopted by second language learners in their communicative efforts.

Note about Forum Philosophicum

Forum Philosophicum is a scholarly journal that seeks new insights into philosophical discussions concerning the relationship between philosophy and faith. The tradition we are rooted in is that of Christian philosophy, understood as the independent exercise of reason in the context of the faith. However, we also welcome proposals that grow from the concerns important to philosophers shaped by other religious traditions, in particular those of Jewish or Muslim heritage. We seek articles that are able to engage in critical debate with evolving views on rationality and its relationship to the irrational, the indeterminate, and the non-binary, and look forward to receiving analyses that discuss the place of faith and the rationality of faith in such contexts. We encourage discussions of human nature and spirituality that seek to address the proposals of neuroscience and confront the declarations of posthumanists, as well as inquiries into that mode of philosophizing which, while resting on the hermeneutics of culture, gives special emphasis to the hermeneutics of sacred texts. We would like to distinguish our journal through a specific approach, rather than through the specificity of the subjects we are prepared to see raised in it: an approach that allows faith to shape, enlighten, and strengthen our rationality itself. In this way, we want to offer a true Forum for the community of philosophers who view their faith as a source of inspiration, especially when seeking to face up to the new and challenging forms being given to the age-old problems of philosophy.

Geopolítica y geofilosofía: el lugar de Iberoamérica en el mundo

Philosophy must assume the paradox that constitutes it: it has a clear vocation for universality, but at the same time it is always inscribed in a specific spatial and temporal context. On the occasion of the creation of the Red Iberoamericana de Filosofia (RIF), which aims to defend Philosophy studies in the educational system, to structure the Ibero-American philosophical community and promote thought in Spanish and Portuguese on a global scale, this article outlines a geopolitical and geopolitical reflection on the many historical strata that have shaped the Ibero-American cultural space and on the need to have philosophical institutions such as the RIF, to counterbalance the geopolitical and geophilosophical hegemony of the Anglo-American cultural space and the growing power of space Indico-Pacific.

XIII International Academic Conference “Philosophy: the New Generation”

This article presents the general overview of the 13th edition of the international academic conference “Philosophy: The New Generation” that took place at the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” (NaUKMA) in 2018. The conference was founded in 2006 as an initiative of NaUKMA’s philosophy students supported by the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies. For the following years, it has become an important annual event for the Ukrainian philosophical community. In 2018, the topic of the conference was “History of Philosophy and histories of philosophies”. The conference included the following sections: “The Approaches to the History of Philosophy”; “History of Ideas, Notions, Concepts”; “Epistemological Issues in the History of Philosophy”; “Receptions of the History of Philosophy”; “History of Philosophy and Gender Studies”; and “Oriental Studies”. In addition, two lectures were delivered during the conference: “Subjective Notes from the Recent History of Ukrainian Academic Philosophy of Science” (lecturer: Prof. Dr. Volodymyr Kuznetsov) and “The Vicious Circle of Sexual Politics’ Triumphalism” (lecturer: Dr. Kateryna Honcharenko). Also, two panel discussions took place at the conference: “What to Do with the Philosophical Education” and “The Problems of Philosophical Research in the East”. Although the participants of the conference have covered a large number of topics in their reports, several tendencies can be identified as prevailing. The biggest percentage of reports was connected with a methodology called History of ideas, notions, and concepts, while the discussions related to oriental and gender studies unfolded in the light of critique of Eurocentrism and Androcentrism respectively. Article received 15.02.2019

On the Subject of Cognition at Historiography of Philosophy

Historiography of philosophy as a philosophical discipline has an ambivalent status. It must seek facts and care about thoughts. The discussion on this subject is continuing. The purpose of this article is to clarify the specific role of the subjectivity in the historiography of philosophy and consider functions and forms of its presence in research texts. Actually, texts are the place in which a researcher carries out him/herself as the researcher. So, he/she obtains the identity in the text or does not at all. It means that the subjectivity as the instance of the cognitive activity does not coincide with the empirical subject and must be reconstructed in the text. It is the first. The second is that in the text the researcher builds bridges between past and present: the past gains access to the present, and vice versa – the present has access to the past. He/ she does not speak with the own voice but must hear another. The third is that the existence of interpreters as a social group rejects the legitimacy of a direct contact between the text and the reader and promises the contact in the text of the researcher. Taking to account these assumptions I show a role of subjectivity in the sort of cognition, which historiography of philosophy is. I give answers to such questions. What do the historians of philosophy say in his/her texts? What is the specificity of philosophical communication with the past? What requirements to the reader do the philosophical texts “put forward”? What is the role of mood and feeling in saving contacts with philosophical thought of the past? The analysis is based on some theoretical ideas of Y. Ch. Zarka (Philosophical History of Philosophy) and F. R. Ankersmit (sublime historical experience). The conclusions are confirmed with a brief comparative analysis of two publications on the philosophy of the eighteenth century.Article received 15.02.2019

Brief aus Mexiko

Abstract In this article, I propose to examine the origins and follow the process of the development of philosophy in Mexico, its periods, currents and most important features, and some of the problems that it is confronting in modern times. One of the guiding ideas that structure this reflection is that philosophy in Mexico has developed along the horizon of a series of economic, political and social events to which philosophy itself has attempted to respond but that, in a manner both simultaneous and decisive, have contributed to configuring philosophy itself. Among these events I would emphasize, first, the experience of the Mexican Revolution, but would add the experience of the Russian Revolution, World Wars I and II, the explosion of the atomic bomb and, later, the Cuban Revolution, the 1968 Student Movement in Mexico, the nuclear catastrophe in Chernobyl, the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the emergence of the Neo-Zapatista movement in the country, as well as the ecological disasters that characterized the 20th century. Nor can we ignore the great challenges that have emerged in recent decades due to the worldwide scourge of inequality, and the extensive migratory movements from poor countries to rich ones caused by the overwhelming force of diverse forms of political and religious fundamentalism, climate change and new forms and waves of violence on both the national and international levels. The recent development of philosophy in Mexico has been marked by growing professionalization and specialization and the formation of a solid community of philosophers with specialized journals that provide spaces for reasoned public discussion and debate that is subject to the argumentative constraints proper to the discipline and conforms to the criteria established by a community that finds itself coming into ever-closer contact with other philosophical communities in and beyond the Spanish-American world. However, and paradoxically, beside this emphasis on specialization, philosophy has lost some of its presence in the public space and grand national discussions and debates. As another central element of its discourse in recent decades we can mention the fact that, parallel to increasing specialization, philosophy in Mexico has been conducted, through its own development, towards greater interaction and dialogue with other sciences and disciplines, leading it to insert itself into a learning process that has allowed it to potentiate the development and advancement of philosophy itself.

FILSAFAT KOMUNIKASI DALAM MAKROKOSMOS

Aliran behaviourisme merupakan aliran yang berjasa dalam munculnya Aliran behaviourisme merupakan aliran yang berjasa dalam munculnya keberadaan ilmu komunikasi. Behaviourisme merupakan derivasi dari positivisme yang berupaya mengidependisikan ilmu-ilmu dari filsafat dengan objek material dan objek formal masing-masing. Berkat dukungan behaviourisme dan positivisme itu komunikasi menjadi ilmu yang merdeka dari filsafat. Filsafat komunikasi adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang menelaah secara mendasar mengenai keilmuan komunikasi dari historisnya, teori-teorinya, metode-metodenya, prinsip-prinsip metodologi yang digunakan, sampai pada semua hal yang terkait pada cakupan komunikasi. Sedangkan makrokosmos adalahilmu yang membahas keseluruhan alam semesta. Terdapat perbedaan yang mendasar tentang alam antara pandangan filsafat Barat dengan pandangan filsafat Islam. Dalam pandangan filsafat Barat, alam terjadi dengan sendirinya <em>(by nature)</em>. Sedangkan dalam pandangan filsafat Islam, alam terjadi karena ada yang menjadikan yaitu Allah. Tulisan ini mejelaskan bahwa ternyata alam semesta ini, baik biotik (tumbuhan, hewan, manusia) maupun abiotik (tanah, air, udara, dan sinar matahari) semuanya dapat berkomunikasi. Berkomunikasinya alam ini dijelaskan melalui penelitian ilmiah dan dipertegas lagi dari Alquran dan Hadist.

Parents’ philosophical community: when parents go to school!

Research seems to be explicit on children’s benefit from parent’s participation in their schooling. The ways, though, parents can be involved are not yet apparent. A variety of educational strategies and programs are being tested globally in order to enhance the collaboration of the school with the family. Through Action Research, the effectiveness of an initiative of cooperation with the parents in a kindergarten school in Athens has been explored, during the School Years 2014-15 and 2015-16. The successful engagement of philosophical practices for the students in previous years exposed the need for adopting the specific tool of Philosophy for Children for the community of parents. Carefully selected stories have been used as a stimulus for raising philosophical questions that were analysed in depth by parents and teachers. The creation of a philosophical community of inquiry with parents within school, revealed a new horizon of communication and cooperation while raising respect and empathy among all participants. This research exhibits that building communities of philosophical inquiry with children and adults likewise, and within the same environment reflects and strengthens dialogue between all parts of the school community triangle (students, teachers, parents) and it therefore seems to be an effective approach to be implemented.

A word to Heidegger? The limits of tolerance in the oral history of philosophy

The beginning of the new realm in philosophical research, which is the oral history of phiosophy, is followed by the consequential set of serious ethical issues. The purpose of this article is to identify moral orientations a historian of philosophy can rely on in oral communication with respondents. The starting point of the analysis is the ethical standards of interviews developed by the Oral History Society. An example to test these standards based on the principle of maximum tolerance is the case of Martin Heidegger. Considering the ambiguity of some outstanding philosophical figures, the main task of the article is to find the line between propagation of the dangerous views of the philosopher and objective philosophical analysis. As a guide to the ethics of interviewing philosophers, I propose the approach suggested by Alain Badieu and Barbara Cassin regarding Heidegger. They claim that a great philosopher can simultaneously be a Nazi and an anti-Semite. I outlined the general feature of interaction with ambiguous personalities in a philosophical interview: (1) the interviewer should not make extreme judgments in advance; (2) We have no right to remove some ambiguous philosophers from discourse, and communication with them is a personal matter of the interviewer. But philosophical community should produce the criteria for exact distinction between the sphere of ethically unacceptable and realm of uncertain.

Problemas de linguagem na filosofia africana

A comunidade filosófica africana possui um interessante, profícuo e importante debate sobre a linguagem. Por um lado, há os filósofos essencialistas cuja tese principal é o uso das línguas nativas para o ensino e prática filosófica. Por outro lado, há os filósofos não essencialistas que não se opõem ao uso de línguas estrangeiras para o ensino e prática filosófica. Neste artigo apresento os principais pontos deste debate a partir do quadro desenhado por Fayemi e argumento que da tese ideológico-política dos essencialistas não se segue a tese metafísica da impossibilidade de se expressar determinados aspectos da realidade.

Сутність комунікації як процесу у сфері управління

В статті розглядається процес комунікації в сфері управління. Розглядаються підходи до визначення поняття “комунікація” в різних наукових колах, проводиться порівняння основних поглядів в соціальній сфері, психології, комунікативній філософії, окремих поглядах в сфері управління й менеджменту. На основі детального аналізу з’ясовано, що комунікація є суб’єкт-суб’єктним впливом між індивідами, індивідом і групою, між соціальними групами (всередині соціальних груп), що здійснюється для досягнення певної мети. Також розглядається сутність поняття комунікації як специфічної функції управління, яка визначає передачу і обмін інформацією в організації з метою впливу на неї. Окреслено основні елементи комунікаційного процесу за лінійною формулою Лассвела та відзначено її універсальність для дослідження питань комунікацій. Виділено основні аспекти комунікації, які мають найбільш важливе значення для оцінки змісту управлінської діяльності у військовій сфері. Порівнюючи погляди на визначення поняття управління в рамках системного підходу, враховується до уваги комунікаційний аспект та робиться припущення щодо розгляду управління як складного комунікаційного процесу. Визначається, що комунікація є з’єднувальною ланкою між підсистемами управління, а також виступає як управлінських процес, адже вона пов'язує функції організації, планування, мотивації та контролю та має забезпечити єдину мету управління. Наголошується, що в загальному розумінні управління, як і комунікація, являє собою вплив, спрямований на досягнення певної мети, є суб’єкт-суб’єктним процесом (має місце взаємний вплив між учасниками управлінського процесу) та виступає як з’єднувальний (інтегруючий) фактор між всіма управлінським функціями.На основі проведеного дослідження висувається гіпотеза щодо можливості розгляду процесу управління як комунікаційного процесу. На основі висунутої гіпотези вказується подальший напрямок дослідження щодо визначення умов і факторів, які впливають на ефективність управління, враховуючи комунікаційну природу управлінського процесу.

Speed and pessimism: moral experience in the work of Paul Virilio

ABSTRACTPaul Virilio passed away on the 10th of September 2018. This article surveys his considerable legacy to cultural theory in order to locate a largely dormant contribution to questions of moral responsibility and experience. Whilst the phenomenological foundations of Virilio’s work are well known, it is argued here that, more than this, his work ought to be understood as an example of ethics as first philosophy. There is a certain methodological challenge to this, since Virilio’s work was, to a large extent, fragmentary, and he seldom connected the dots between essays on a disparate range of topics – from wars to cities to communication technologies – that are held in place by a sustained critique of speed and politics. As such, Virilio’s ideas are explored through three vignettes – on hikikomori, on viral events and on self-tracking – that are intended to draw these threads together under moral questions of proximity, distance and time. It is concluded that this quiescent legacy – a moral philosophy of communication too often (dis)missed as conservative moralism – ought to be taken up if we want to understand the impact of digital technology on moral experience.

Is the Conceptual Eurocentrism So Much Frightening?

The article is a response to the criticism of “conceptual Eurocentrism” expressed in the paper by A.A. Krushinsky at the Round Table on the Geography of Rationality on April 25, 2019. It deals with the main thesis of A.A. Krushinsky that in cross-cultural philosophical studies the Western conceptual matrix currently defines a single conceptual space for all participants, the language of Western philosophy acts as a trans-civilizational language in the world philosophy. The author of the article agrees with the main thesis, however she does not agree with its arguments and two consequences: (a) it is necessary to consider Western rationality as “rationality as such,” and (b) there is no multi-polarity in the current philosophy though there are a lot of traditions of philosophical discourse, which identify and articulate themselves by means of Western conceptuality (that is why we may speak on so-called “philosophical geography” only). The arguments do not stand comparison with the search of future philosophy, conducted now by the world philosophical community. The search is aiming to equality of all philosophical traditions. The article proves that conceptual Eurocentrism is not so much a danger as an objective necessity. Its spread is a manifestation of tendency to creative mutual borrowing of cultural inventions. The tendency always had place, but it was not so obvious in the conditions of preglobal history. The consequences of Krushinskiy’s thesis are refuted by the evidence that the Western philosophers denied to use the concept universal rationality and began studies of the various types of rationality. The author also provides an example of the creative borrowing and use of European concepts “rationality,” “positive knowledge,” “truth,” “scientific method,” “hypothesis” by the Indian philosopher of science B. Seal, who applied these concepts to the Indian material.

On the Problem of the Universality of Modern Western Philosophy Conceptual Framework: The Japanese Case

Many years the academic community has been discussing issues of a universal metalanguage as the general conceptual framework of modern social and humanitarian research, especially of philosophy. The article questions the claim that the language of Western philosophy was already accepted as a unified tool in the 20th century. The peculiarities of perception and further application of Western philosophical terminology in Japan in late 19th – first half of the 20th centuries are investigated here as a factual evidence base of argumentation. Special attention is given to examples of translation and interpretation of some concepts of Western origin, such as metaphysics, ethics, logic, substance, subject, etc., as observed in the works of eminent thinkers Nishi Amane, Inoue Tetsujiro, Nishida Kitaro, and Watsuji Tetsuro. The paper provides examples of new original concepts (as they did not have Western equivalents) developed by modern Japanese philosophers, such as Kimura Bin, Hiromatsu Wataru et al. The author concludes that the general conceptual framework that modern philosophy operates with is a very dynamic and open system, capable of transforming in different cultural contexts and in keeping with newly emerging issues that require analysis. The article identifies factors that provide philosophical communication between different cultures at the conceptual level, that is, the presence of a common circle of problems and presence of partial overlap between the key concepts. The author poses the problem of the emergence of new approaches and ideas in a situation of “conflicting interpretations,” or incomplete equivalence of similar notions when used by the parties in a dialogue, casting doubt on possibility, necessity and reasonability of exact reproduction of meanings and “complete domestication” in other cultures.

Transitional leadership to resolve conflict, facilitate change and restore wellbeing

Purpose This paper aims to explore the experiences of church ministers who played the role of transitional leaders in congregational situations involving conflict. Design/methodology/approach Grounded theory was chosen as a suitable approach to investigate phenomena that occasionally penetrate religious publications and even less frequently scholarly management journals. Accordingly, in-depth interviews were conducted with six church ministers who had been transitional leaders in one Christian denomination in New Zealand. Findings Participants indicated that the drivers of transitional ministry were conflict, dysfunction and loss of direction; the goals were to heal the damage caused by conflict and restore functionality and well-being; the process, underpinned by a leadership philosophy of affirmation, trust-building, engagement and communication, involved working with church members to instil hope, establish operational structures, identify and resolve dysfunction, envision a future and ultimately recruit a permanent minister. Research limitations/implications The limitations of a small sample size in one Christian denomination could be addressed by using wider samples in other contexts. It is suggested that insights into transitional leadership after conflict will be of interest to researchers as well as practitioners in other religious organizations, the wider non-profit sector and the private sector. Future research into the impact of transitional leadership, against a background of conflict and organizational change, will add to this empirical foundation. Originality/value The model of transitional ministry is a unique contribution to religious literature and practice. It also offers insight into how other types of organization could deal with the exit of its permanent leader, in circumstances of conflict, and manage the transition phase of a temporary replacement, so that the organization returns to a state of well-being with a renewed sense of purpose.

I Interpret You: Davidson and Buber

The authors provide a comparative analysis of the philosophies of communication of Donald Davidson and Martin Buber. These thinkers represent widely different traditions of thought but the comparative analysis is fruitful in both directions and is concluded by a consideration of communication ethics in the light of Davidsonian and Buberian notions of intersubjectivity.

Comunicación en educación: reformas y riesgos.

El autor supone que debería ser conveniente identificar oportunidades metodológicas para el análisis de problemas educativos en diversas áreas de la filosofía comunicativa para una reforma exitosa, para revelar el potencial metodológico de la teoría de la acción comunicativa de Yu Habermas, que permite considerar las instituciones educativas junto con los temas de acciones comunicativas y estratégicas. La construcción reguladora de una comunidad comunicativa ideal, propuesta por Habermas, se enfoca en agentes y receptores de acciones de capacitación y educación para llegar a un consenso en la comprensión de las perspectivas para el desarrollo de las instituciones educativas, pero esta teoría necesita ser complementada por desarrollos metodológicos de N. Luhmann en la teoría de los sistemas sociales autorreferenciales de los cuales las instituciones educativas, en primer lugar, el sistema educativo, se consideran comunicación autorreferencial.