Comprehensive Utilization Of Water Resources Research Articles

Optimal operation of electric–freshwater energy system considering load regulation strategy of individual hydrogen electrolyzer

AbstractIn view of the existing literature, only the optimization operation of hydrogen energy–wind/light new energy is considered, and the research problems such as comprehensive utilization of water resources and load control strategies are ignored. Based on the analysis of load characteristics of offshore wind power, this paper has established an optimal operation model of power‐fresh water energy system based on “wind‐hydrogen‐water‐electricity” interaction. Meanwhile, an electrolytic hydrogen individual load control strategy is proposed to match wind power fluctuations from the perspective of internal load regulation of electrolytic hydrogen system. From the economic characteristics, operation characteristics, accommodation situation and other simulation analysis, it can reduce the total operating cost by about 3.1%, improve the utilization rate of electrolytic cell capacity, and meet the water demand of coastal users. It shows that the individual control strategy and optimal operation model have advantages, which is of great significance for realizing low‐carbon, safe, and economical operation of power grid in the future.

Comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity in Henan Province based on entropy weight TOPSIS - coupling coordination - obstacle model.

This study aims to investigate the water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) of Henan Province, identify its main obstacles, and provide suggestions for optimizing its WRCC. The article constructs a WRCC evaluation system with 20 indicators for the four subsystems of water resources, economy, society, and ecology based on literature and the actual situation of Henan Province. The entropy weighted TOPSIS method is used to calculate the WRCC of Henan Province from 2005 to 2021. The coupling coordination model is used to explore the degree of coupling coordination among internal systems, while the obstacle model is used to study its restrictive influencing factors. The study found that (1) the WRCC fluctuated in a U-shaped pattern around 0.5 during the study period; (2) the coupling and coordination degree of each subsystem is generally good, except for 2012 and 2013, which showed basic coordination; (3) currently, the main obstacles to the WRCC are ecosystems and water resources. The main indicators are afforestation area, proportion of the tertiary industry, fertilizer usage, and urban sewage treatment rate. Therefore, Henan Province should take measures such as reducing fertilizer usage, standardizing urban sewage treatment, improving water efficiency, and optimizing industrial structure to optimize its WRCC and promote comprehensive utilization of water resources.

Effects of vegetation distribution and landscape pattern on water conservation in the Dongjiang River basin

Water conservation is important for maintaining a well-functioning ecosystem. Using the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, we simulated the hydrological cycle and evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of water conservation in the Dongjiang River. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were used to investigate the effects of landscape patterns and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on water conservation. Four hydrological stations with regular rate, validation period deterministic coefficient R2, and efficiency coefficient ENS (Nash–Sutcliffe) met the adaptation requirements, and the model accurately simulated the hydrological process of the Dongjiang River. The interannual variation of water conservation showed a non-significant upward trend (0.12 mm/10a), and the spatial distribution is given as follows: midstream > downstream > upstream. Regression coefficients of NDVI of high, medium, and low-density forest land in the sub-basin with water conservation decreased from the upper to lower reaches. The negative correlation of LPI, CONTAG, and IJI was concentrated in the upper reaches and southeast of the basin, and that of SHDI was concentrated in the middle and lower reaches; the regression coefficients of LPI and PLAND of forest land decreased from middle reaches to north and south, and ED decreased from southwest to northeast. The positive correlation of grassland was concentrated in the watershed’s upper reaches; the regression coefficient of construction land showed an increasingly negative correlation from the lower to upper reaches. This study provides scientific support for promoting the hydrological ecosystem and comprehensive utilization of water resources in the Dongjiang River basin.

Quantitative analysis of regional water resources and secure development of economic and social coupling systems

Abstract The development and rational utilization of regional water resources (RWR) is an important foundation for achieving comprehensive utilization of water resources and socio-economic progress. Socio-economic development has created necessary conditions and funds for the rational development of water resources, and the two support and constrain each other. Therefore, this article conducts a quantitative analysis of RWR to ensure the sustainable development of the economic and social (EAS) coupling system. An evaluation system was constructed based on feasibility analysis using the principal component analysis theory and entropy method. The results indicated that the interaction between RWR and EAS was relatively strong. In the seven-year survey, the coordinated development of the two showed an upward trend. The coupling and coordination indexes reached their lowest point in 2015 and have shown an upward trend. The coupling index increased by 0.34, and the coordination index increased by 0.21 to obtain a highly coordinated development state.

Comprehensive Utilization Model of Yarlung Zangbo River Water Resources Based on Discrete Multi-objective Optimization Model

The Yarlung Zangbo River is rich in water resources, which is of great significance to the comprehensive utilization of water resources. The reasonable development of the hydropower resources of the Yarlung Zangbo River is realized, through the water diversion project and the establishment of the trapezoidal hydropower station. A comprehensive utilization model of hydropower resources optimized by discrete objectives is constructed, based on the discrete multi-objective optimization theory. It combined with the reading of geographic data by GPS and Matlab. The number and orientation of the optimal construction of hydropower stations and the proportion of the water transfer volume of the water diversion project are obtained, combining the cost of hydropower station construction and water diversion project implementation and the benefits brought by hydropower resources.

Waterway carrying capacity assessment: Model development and application in the lower Yangtze River, China

With rapid socioeconomic development, extra demands have been placed on the waterway sustainable exploration, which are closely related to river ecological protection, flood control and comprehensive utilization of water resources. Therefore, it is theoretically and practically relevant to investigate the waterway carrying capacity (WCC) under multi-objective coordination. Based on a hierarchical indicators system framework of WCC which including four subsystems (i.e., economic-demand system, flood-control system, water-supply system and ecological-protection system), we propose a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of WCC, which covers a flow module, a sediment module, an ecological module and a comprehensive analysis module. This model integrates two assessment methods of comprehensive index evaluation and fuzzy-pattern recognition with analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Determining weights by the AHP method can avoid the subjectivity and errors caused by weighing a large number of indicators, while the combined two methods have a complementarity of function to more objectively reflect the carrying capacity level of different layers. The WCC of the lower Yangtze River from Hukou to Nanjing reaches was assessed, and the results suggested that the carrying capacity states of waterway are generally on a downward trajectory with the increase of waterway scale, and the carrying capacity levels of waterway for the built (in 2015) and planning scales (in 2030) are in the state of bearable or critical bearable. In a certain future period, the exploitable thresholds of channel scales in the sections from Hukou-Anqing, Anqing-Wuhu and Wuhu-Nanjing reaches are estimated to be 8.0 × 200 × 1050 m, 8.0 × 200 × 1050 m and 10.5 × 500 × 1050 m, respectively. The evaluation results are generally consistent with exiting studies, thus the proposed model is effective to identify the threshold of waterway exploitation under the restriction of multiple factors. This research can provide a reference for the evaluation of WCC in the sustainable development of similar inland waterways.

Study on the Optimal Operation of a Hydropower Plant Group Based on the Stochastic Dynamic Programming with Consideration for Runoff Uncertainty

Hydropower plant operation reorganizes the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources to promote the comprehensive utilization of water resources in the basin. However, a lot of uncertainties were brought to light concerning cascade hydropower plant operation with the introduction of the stochastic process of incoming runoff. Therefore, it is of guiding significance for the practice operation to investigate the stochastic operation of cascade hydropower plants while considering runoff uncertainty. The runoff simulation model was constructed by taking the cascade hydropower plants in the lower reaches of the Lancang River as the research object, and combining their data with the copula joint function and Gibbs method, and a Markov chain was adopted to construct the transfer matrix of runoff between adjacent months. With consideration for the uncertainty of inflow runoff, the stochastic optimal operation model of cascade hydropower plants was constructed and solved by the SDP algorithm. The results showed that 71.12% of the simulated monthly inflow of 5000 groups in the Nuozhadu hydropower plant drop into the reasonable range. Due to the insufficiency of measured runoff, there were too many 0 values in the derived transfer probability, but after the simulated runoff series were introduced, the results significantly improved. Taking the transfer probability matrix of simulated runoff as the input of the stochastic optimal operation model of the cascade hydropower plants, the operation diagram containing the future-period incoming water information was obtained, which could directly provide a reference for the optimal operation of the Nuozhadu hydropower plant. In addition, taking the incoming runoff process in a normal year as the standard, the annual mean power generation based on stochastic dynamic programming was similar to that based on dynamic programming (respectively 305.97 × 108 kW⋅h and 306.91 × 108 kW⋅h), which proved that the operation diagram constructed in this study was reasonable.

Study of Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources of Urban Water Distribution Network

China is a country where the levels of water resources per capita are extremely low. With the rapid development of urbanization, water resource shortages have become a bottleneck existing in more and more cities. This study considers the comprehensive management of urban flood control, water supply, water and the ecological environment, catches the main contradiction between “water deficient” and “water rich” in cities, puts forward a comprehensive utilization pattern for urban water resources by emphasizing the utilization of rain–flood resources. After a simulation study, a better regulation pattern is brought out and achieve multiple benefits based on the river system of Gucheng Lake, which is located in Nanjing, Gaochun district, by optimizing conventional regulation. The results show that two parameters, the low water level (LWL) below which Gucheng Lake stops supplying ecological water, and the high water level (HWL) where Gucheng Lake stops importing water from rivers, are the key parameters to decide the regulation benefits, and the LWL of 9 m and HWL of 12 m is the best combination in river network regulation, the annual potential utilizable of rain–flood resources of Gucheng Lake river system can reach 57 million m3 per year, through the comprehensive utilization of the rain–flood resources, the negative effect of flood is effectively reduced and the disaster is controlled on one hand; and the water demand of urban and rural water supply, 100,000 m3/day, is effectively guaranteed as well as the regional ecological environment is improved on the other hand.

Establishment and application of special plan evaluation system for comprehensive utilization of water resources

Establishment and application of special plan evaluation system for comprehensive utilization of water resources

An empirical study on industrial eco-efficiency in arid resource exploitation region of northwest China.

Located in the northwest of China, Xinjiang is a typical arid desert area and mineral resources development zone. The lack of water resources and a fragile ecological environment restricts the sustainable development of the region. Based on the industrial panel data of Xinjiang from 2001 to 2015, this paper uses the undesirable output SBM model, Malmquist index model, and Tobit regression model to comprehensively and systematically measure and evaluate the industrial eco-efficiency and its change characteristics from provincial, regional, and prefectural levels. The results show that (1) the industrial eco-efficiency level in Xinjiang is generally low, lower than the national average, but the development trend is good, and it has been steadily rising over time, from 2001 to 2015 and from the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period to the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. (2) The spatial distribution of industrial ecological efficiency of Xinjiang is not balanced. Northern Xinjiang is larger than that of eastern Xinjiang and the southern Xinjiang. The developments of 14 prefectures are uneven and asynchronous, which can be divided into two development modes: industrial and agriculture and animal husbandry region. (3) Through the decomposition analysis of the Malmquist index, it has been found that the technological progress index is the restriction factor of the changing trend of TFP, while the technical efficiency index and the pure technical efficiency index are the promoting factors. (4) The main factors causing the decline in ecological efficiency are industrial sulfur dioxide emissions, industrial nitrogen oxide emissions, total industrial water consumption, and general industrial solid waste. It can be seen that the emission of air pollutants and excessive industrial water are the main problems in the region. (5) Industrial ecological efficiency is positively correlated with industrial development level, scientific and technological innovations, industrial structure, and environmental planning, whereas negatively correlated with the degree of opening up and industrial agglomeration. (6) Xinjiang is an extremely arid and water-scarce region. These are the keys and prerequisites for saving water resources and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of water resources. Whether in the industrial areas or in the agricultural and animal husbandry areas, water conservation should be given top priority.

Study on Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resource Environment in Water-saving Design of Buildings

As the precious scarce resource, how to make comprehensive use of water resources to achieve environmental protection and energy conservation is a problem that all countries have to face. The increasing demand of water used for daily use will have a significant role for protection of water resources in water conservation and comprehensive utilization of water resources during design of water supply and drainage. Taking the comprehensive utilization of various water bodies in Chinese building design as an example, this paper expounds the utilization of water bodies and the collection, purification and storage and utilization of rainwater in water supply and drainage design, providing constructive methods and suggestions for the comprehensive utilization, protection and sustainable management of water resources.

On the Planning Methods for Sustainable and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources in the Green Ecological Urban Area:An Empirical Study on a Green Ecological Urban Area in Jiangsu, China

The study on comprehensive utilization planning of urban water resources for sustainable development is one of the important contents of urban green ecological adaptive development and construction. The sustainable water system in the green ecological urban area has to make systematic analysis and overall planning of various elements of urban water system. From the perspective of urban water supply, water use, drainage, flood control and drainage and comprehensive utilization of water resources that require organic coordination, this paper forms systematic planning methods combining the computing method for water environmental carrying capacity with the construction of a capacity control model for water resources in the green ecological urban area. With the proposed strategic measures for the sustainable and comprehensive utilization of water resources in the green ecological urban area, this paper aims to achieve high quality and efficient water ecology, water security and water environment and eventually realize the organic coordination of nature and artificial system as well as the harmonious development between man and nature.

Testing Soil Accumulation of Cd from Reclaimed Water

The reuse of wastewater improves the comprehensive utilization of water resources, and reduces the shortage of water resources. In this paper, the accumulation of heavy metal Cd risk in reclaimed water irrigated soil to human health was analysised through experiments and simulations. Firstly, according to the static adsorption experiment of sandy clay loam, the fitting effect of Freundlich equation on Cd is better for the certainty coefficient R2 reaches 0.97. Then, use the more accurate DEM model of CXTFIT2.1 software to fit the Cl- penetration curve. Finally, made the heavy metal leading experiment, found that the TSM model has a good fitting effect on the penetration curve of Cd, with a determination coefficient close to 1 and a small standard error coefficient. Based on the results of the above experiments, the HYDRUS-1D was used to analyze and predict the cumulative risk of Cd in reclaimed water irrigated soil. The results showed that: after 100 years under current situations, the predicted concentration of Cd in soil may reach 0.742 mg/kg, which exceeded the national soil environmental quality standard, may be a serious health hazard. Measures should be taken to reduce the risk of human health by ingestion and accumulation of crops and vegetables.

Comprehensive utilization of water resources in the Yellow River Delta for waterfowl habitat restoration

Comprehensive utilization of water resources in the Yellow River Delta for waterfowl habitat restoration

A Novel Adaptive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Decomposition and Dominance for Long-term Generation Scheduling of Cascade Hydropower System

Multi-objective long-term generation scheduling (MLGS) considering ecological flow demands is important for comprehensive utilization of water resources in cascade hydropower system (CHS). A novel adaptive multi-objective particle swarm optimization based on decomposition and dominance (D2AMOPSO) is developed in this paper to solve the MLGS problem. In D2AMOPSO, a constraint handling method based on repair strategy and individualconstraints and group constraints (ICGC) technique is embedded to address various constraints. An improved logistic map is adopted to initialize the population. During the evolutionary process, an improved Tchebycheff decomposition is introduced to select personal best and global best for each particle, and the non-dominated solutions found so far are stored in an external archive where crowding distance and elitist learning strategy are performed to improve its diversity. Meanwhile, an adaptive flight parameter adjustment mechanism based on Pareto entropy is adopted to balance the global exploration and local exploitation abilities of the population. A normal cloud mutation operator is used to keep the population diversity and escape local minima. In the case study of the Three Gorges Cascade hydropower system (TGC) under three typical years, the results of the proposed method and other four competitors show that D2AMOPSO can obtain better diversity and faster convergence solutions for the MLGS problem in less time.

Runoff Prediction Method Based on Adaptive Elman Neural Network

The prediction of medium- and long-term runoff is of great significance to the comprehensive utilization of water resources. Building an adaptive data-driven runoff prediction model by automatic identification of multivariate time series change in runoff forecasting and identifying its influence degree is an attractive and intricate task. At present, the commonly used screening factor method is correlational analysis; others offer multi-collinearity. If these factors are directly input into the model, the parameters of the model tend to increase, and the excessive redundancy and noise adversely affects the prediction results of the model. On the basis of previous studies on medium- and long-term runoff prediction methods, this paper proposes an Elman Neural Network (ENN) adaptive runoff prediction method based on normalized mutual information (NMI) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA). In this method, the features of the screening factors are extracted automatically by using the mutual information automatic screening factor, and then input into the Elman Neural Network for training. With less features, the parameters of the Elman Neural Network model can be reduced, and the problem of overfitting of the Elman Neural Network model is effectively alleviated. The method is evaluated by using the annual average runoff data of Jinping hydropower station in Chengdu, China, from 2007 to 2011. The maximum relative error of multiple forecasts was found to be less than 16%, and forecast effect was good. The accuracy of prediction is further improved by averaging the results of multiple forecasts.

An Improved LSSVM Model for Intelligent Prediction of the Daily Water Level

Daily water level forecasting is of significant importance for the comprehensive utilization of water resources. An improved least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model was introduced by including an extra bias error control term in the objective function. The tuning parameters were determined by the cross-validation scheme. Both conventional and improved LSSVM models were applied in the short term forecasting of the water level in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Evaluations were made with both models through metrics such as RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error), MAPE (Mean Absolute Percent Error) and index of agreement (d). More accurate forecasts were obtained although the improvement is regarded as moderate. Results indicate the capability and flexibility of LSSVM-type models in resolving time sequence problems. The improved LSSVM model is expected to provide useful water level information for the managements of hydroelectric resources in Rivers.

A Research on Multi-objective Generation Optimization Scheduling of the TGC Reservoirs Considering Ecological and Shipping Benefits

Due to the increasing energy demand and the lack of comprehensive utilization of water resources, this paper has established a generation-shipping-ecological optimization (GSEO) model to Balance the benefits between shipping, power generation and ecology. then, the Three Gorges Cascade (TGC) is taken as the research object, and the efficiency evaluation methods of shipping and ecological benefits are proposed. Finally, the actual inflows of the abundant, average and dry years are studied as the samples to solve the GSEO model. The simulation results indicate that the model and the benefit evaluation methods proposed in this paper are feasible and effective.

Hydrological Environmental Responses of LID and Approach for Rainfall Pattern Selection in Precipitation Data-Lacked Region

Global climate change and urbanization development have changed the hydrological environment dramatically. Flood control, non-point source pollution control, and comprehensive utilization of water resources are facing new challenges. On the basis of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), an approach for design rainfall pattern selection in precipitation data-lacked region containing model establishing, response analysis and design rainfall pattern screening was put forward. And the responses of the hydrologic, hydraulic and environmental of 2-commercial community mode are explored by using a simulation analysis under different rainfall patterns in this study. Based on the worst principle, the Chicago rainfall pattern was selected for the above-mentioned evaluation indexes at different reoccurrence periods. Results showed that, (1) in traditional development (TD), the values of surface runoff, peak flow and depth of outlet, and total pollution loading were at their maximum at the Chicago rainfall pattern; and in low-impact development (LID), the reduction rates of surface runoff and total pollution loading were at their minimum at the Huff4 rainfall pattern, and the reduction rate of peak flow was at its minimum at the PC then design storm patterns at different simulation targets were obtained. (2) For the Chicago rainfall pattern, the reduction rates of various evaluation indexes decreased while the reoccurrence period increased, and the reduction rate of peak flow was more sensitive to high reoccurrence period rainfall than surface runoff. (3) After the setting of LID measures, the control effect of storm water and non-point source pollution gathered better results from the increase of permeable area and the change of microtopography, as well as from the physical and biological action. This study will provide a reference for the selection of design storm pattern at different simulation targets in regions with deficient rainfall data.

贵州省黔南州水资源综合评价

贵州省黔南州布依族苗族自治州岩溶山区喀斯特地貌发育且岩层透水性强，造成地表水匮乏，引起生态环境的失调。本文基于2000~2015年《黔南州水资源公报》以及《黔南州水利志》所记录的截至1995年的水资源数据，利用GIS技术，从研究区的水资源量、水资源质量以及水资源利用三方面进行评价。研究结果表明：1) 岩溶发育强烈、降雨下渗率大，造成地表缺水，因此研究区水资源量时空分布不均衡，有明显的中部、南部多，北部少的区域特征；2) 黔南州水质监测管理，逐年完善加强，农村饮用水水质有待提高；城市及工矿企业附近的部分河段污染严重，污染物主要为氨氮；3) 水资源利用具有地区特色，水利风景区规划建设，解决了水资源利用与旅游业发展的问题；4) 从2013年开始实行最严格水资源管理制度取得了有效的成果，当年水资源利用率为7.97%。该研究可为黔南州水资源的综合利用提供参考数据。 The karst mountain areas in Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Qiannan are featured by karst development and strong permeability of rock stratum, which cause the lack of surface water, and the imbalance of ecological environment. Based on the data recorded in Qiannan Water Resources Gazette from 2000 to 2015 and Chronicles of Qiannan Water Resources by the end of 1995, the quantity, quality and utilization of the water resources were evaluated using GIS technology. The results showed that: 1) the surface water shortage is mainly caused by strong karst development and high rainfall infiltration rate. The water resources are unevenly distributed. The central and the southern parts of Qiannan are richer in water resource than the northern part. 2) The management of the water source quality monitoring has been gradually improved and strengthened; the rivers near the city and industrial and mining enterprises are polluted seriously. The pollutants are ammonia nitrogen dominant; in rural areas, the quality of drinking water needs to be improved. 3) The utilization of water resources displays the regional characteristics; water conservancy scenic spots have been planned and constructed, which reconciled the water resource utilization and tourism development. 4) The strictest water resources management system has been introduced since 2013. The annual water resources utilization rate increased to 7.97%. This study can provide reference data for comprehensive utilization of water resources in Qiannan area.