Abstract
China is a country where the levels of water resources per capita are extremely low. With the rapid development of urbanization, water resource shortages have become a bottleneck existing in more and more cities. This study considers the comprehensive management of urban flood control, water supply, water and the ecological environment, catches the main contradiction between “water deficient” and “water rich” in cities, puts forward a comprehensive utilization pattern for urban water resources by emphasizing the utilization of rain–flood resources. After a simulation study, a better regulation pattern is brought out and achieve multiple benefits based on the river system of Gucheng Lake, which is located in Nanjing, Gaochun district, by optimizing conventional regulation. The results show that two parameters, the low water level (LWL) below which Gucheng Lake stops supplying ecological water, and the high water level (HWL) where Gucheng Lake stops importing water from rivers, are the key parameters to decide the regulation benefits, and the LWL of 9 m and HWL of 12 m is the best combination in river network regulation, the annual potential utilizable of rain–flood resources of Gucheng Lake river system can reach 57 million m3 per year, through the comprehensive utilization of the rain–flood resources, the negative effect of flood is effectively reduced and the disaster is controlled on one hand; and the water demand of urban and rural water supply, 100,000 m3/day, is effectively guaranteed as well as the regional ecological environment is improved on the other hand.
Highlights
Contradiction between “Water Deficient” and “Water Rich” in CitiesChina is a country with relatively poor water resources. The total amount of fresh water resources is 2.8 trillion m3 [1], and the water resources per capita are only 2300 m3 , which is only 1/4 of the world average level
The upper limit for the utilization of rain–flood resources is: firstly, the minimum water demand for retaining the urban and downstream river and lake ecology should be considered, which is generally about 30% of river runoff, which cannot be used as potential; secondly, for major natural floods above the urban flood control standard, which is impossible or not worth using at present, the upper potential limit should be the smaller value of the total runoff after deducting the above two items, respectively
The calculation results of optimal scheduling are shown in (Figures 6–9). It can be seen from the Figures that the water level of Gucheng Lake is stable within 8~12 m under the optimal dispatching condition, which meets the requirements of the ecological water level of the lake, and ensures the flood control safety of the lake
Summary
China is a country with relatively poor water resources. The total amount of fresh water resources is 2.8 trillion m3 [1], and the water resources per capita are only 2300 m3 , which is only 1/4 of the world average level. The continuous advancement and rapid development of urbanization in China have put forward new requirements for the carrying capacity of the urban water resources environment and the ability to deal with natural disasters such as flood and drought, so that traditional city construction and the management pattern is continuously challenged. In Australia, have gradually received attention and recognition [9] In these developed areas of cities, it is a great change and a new exploration of the concept for urban water management by controlling and utilizing the water in a natural water system using a manmade water system and controls, to improve the ability to regulate and allocate water resources and improve the guarantee for people’s production activities, domestic use and ecological use. A water distribution network is built by lakes, rivers, and artificial canals as the skeleton, with the aim to increase surface and underground water storage and its allocation capabilities, and the network can control and use rain–flood resources by transforming the “disaster water” to “water resources”, so as to comprehensively improve the capacity for safe flood control and drainage, suitable water resources, be friendly to ecology and the environment, and further increase the amount of water available for production and living [11,12]
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