Color Fastness Properties Research Articles

Effect of dye bath pH in dyeing of cotton knitted fabric with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR) in exhaust method: impact on color strength, chromatic values and fastness properties

The significance of textile coloration is inevitable as coloration is a critical process and it can be affected by several parameters i. e. time, temperature, pH, and liquor ratio (M:L). This research reveals the behavior of different dye bath pH (2 to 12) on the basis of spectrophotometric characteristics and colorfastness using the most useable brand of reactive dye in Bangladesh i. e. Remazol Yellow RR. Earlier researches were performed on the basis of other coloration controlling factors i. e. temperature, time and liquor ratio (M:L) where pH acts as the dependent variable. However in this study, pH was taken as an independent variable where lower pH (2, 4 and 6), medium pH (8 and 10) and higher pH (12) were taken into consideration for verifying the dyeing performance. Meanwhile, the mentioned pH was achieved by adding acetic acid, soda ash and caustic soda respectively. In this study, the impact of pH is analyzed on the basis of color strength, chromaticity, hue angle, CIELAB color space, spectrophotometric image, reflectance percentage and color fastness tests i. e color fastness to rubbing, color fastness to wash, color fastness to perspiration, color fastness to light. Gradually elevated pH boosts up the color strength and chromaticity, at the same time downgrades of hue angle results orangish tone in the dyed fabric. Even more, the lightness of dyed fabric decreases and redness rises with the increment of dyebath pH which results in orangish red darker tone of dyed fabric. Consequently, fabric dyed at acidic dye bath pH exhibits higher resistance in case of color change and color staining from the dyed fabric and multifiber fabric respectively and vice versa.

A Comparative Study on the Dyeing Efficiency of Pashmina and Pashmina Blended Knitwear with Acid Dyes

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to assess the dyeing efficiency of pashmina and pashmina blendedz knitted fabrics. The pashmina, wool and nylon fibers were blended into five different proportions. Each blend was spun into 48 Nm. The yarn thus prepared was processed into interlock knitted fabric on a circular knitting machine. The knitted fabric was divided into two portions. One part of knitted fabrics was subjected to acid dyeing before nylon dissolution, while another part was subjected to dyeing after nylon dissolution. Both the fabric types were evaluated for dyeing efficiency in terms of color values, and fastness properties, besides their mechanical properties. The results indicated that the removal of nylon from the blended fabric resulted in considerable reduction in tensile strength and areal density, however, the elongation properties were not much altered. After nylon dissolution, the color values and fastness properties showed slight reduction, depending upon the blend composition. The SEM images confirmed that the HCl treatment is efficient to remove the nylon from the blended fabric.

A Recent and Systemic Approach Towards Microbial Biodegradation of Dyes from Textile Industries

The textile industry generated a series of synthetic dyestuffs that threatened environmental protection. Azo dyes, widely utilized in textile, paper, fruit, leathers, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceutical fields, account for most of the dyestuffs made. Since they have colour fastness properties, stability, and susceptibility to oxidation, existing effluent treatment methods cannot entirely strip different dyes from effluents. Under certain environmental factors, bacteria decolourize and degrade dyes. The treatment process is cheap, environmentally safe, and can be used on various dyes. However, textile plant wastewater can produce many polluting chemicals and dyes. Environmental legislation is increasingly being enacted to regulate mainly azo-based dyes in the environment. The potential of the microbes for the decolourization of dyes and metabolizing them is long-known knowledge. The toxic components of dyes challenge a potential threat to all the living forms of life. Though both natural and synthetic dyes are used for the colourization of textiles, only synthetic ones are challenging to decolourize. Microbial-based bioremediation of dyes has been studied and reviewed primarily to accelerate dye degradation. The various piece of the literature revealed that the majority of these dye removal microbes belong to mainly white-rot fungi, a consortium of anaerobic bacteria. In addition to this, there are several (genetically engineered microorganisms) GEMs that remediate dyes efficiently. Here in the current review, the authors have tried to bridge the existing gap in the bioremediation of dyestuff. Moreover, the authors have also tried to provide the latest trend in this field. This study will surely benefit the industries and researchers related to dyestuffs by maintaining eco-friendly approaches.

Knitted Denim Fabrics: Fabrication Process and Fibrous Influence on Several Properties of the Fabric

Denim-like knitted fabrics are getting popular for their several favorable properties, such as flexibility, comfort, and ease of manufacturing. This study aimed to manufacture knitted denim fabrics made from various blend ratios of cotton, polyester, and spandex fibers. Seven fabrics with a fiber blend ratio ranging from 95% cotton/5% spandex to 30% cotton/65% polyester/5% spandex were developed using a weft circular knitting machine. First, the twill effect of the knitted denim fabric was brought by following a cross terry knitting structure to produce each fabric sample of this study. After that, the fabric performance was analyzed by characterizations, such as areal density, pilling and abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, stretch, and recovery, tear strength, bursting strength, air permeability, vertical wicking, liquid absorbency capacity, and different colorfastness tests. The results showed that different cotton, polyester, and spandex fiber compositions did not significantly affect knitted denim fabrics’ weight per unit area, abrasion resistance, and different color fastness properties. However, the elongation and vertical wicking test data showed that the knitted denim fabrics with a higher cotton fiber ratio were better. However, the results from shrinkage, spirality, pilling, recovery, strength, air permeability, and liquid absorbency capacity tests revealed the benefits of having a higher polyester fiber ratio in the cotton/polyester/spandex blended knitted denim fabrics. One-way analysis of the variance test was also performed on the generated data of this study and reported in the respective section of the article.

Immobilization of chalcone chemosensor into plasma-pretreated recycled polyester fibers toward multi-stimuli responsive textiles for detection of ammonia

Polyester fibers were applied in different fields, including automotives, plastic furniture, packaging, and medical devices. This can be attributed to its low-cost, good resistant to moisture and chemicals, good resistance to electricity and fatigue, easily repaired from damages, fade-resistant, high flexural and impact strength, and easy manufacturability. However, polyester fibers are inherently stain resistant as they have no active dye sites. Thus, it is impossible to dye polyester after extrusion. Herein, we report the development of novel strategy to produce multichromic polyester textiles by plasma-assisted dyeing with novel chalcone chemosensor disperse dyestuff. Thin layer of chalcone probe was incorporated onto the polyester fiber surface after plasma activation, which creates active dye sites on the fiber surface. Novel hydrazonotriazole chemosensor was synthesized by reflux a mixture of 1, 2, 3-triazole and hydrazine derivatives. Hydrochloric acid was employed as a catalytic agent, whereas absolute ethanol was used as a solvent. Various methods were utilized to prove the structure of the synthesized chemosensor, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis. The findings indicated that the hydrazonotriazole-dyed polyester (HPET) fibers exhibited satisfactory colorfastness properties, UV protection and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, the dyed polyester fibers demonstrated high importance to build up portable device for onsite colorimetric determination of gaseous and aqueous ammonia, which has been able to cause damages to man organs and even death. The hydrazone group can selectively detect ammonia over other alkaline substances. The limit of detection of the dyed polyester fibers ranged between 5 and 150 ppb of aqueous ammonia, displaying a color switch from yellow (435 nm) to blue (584 nm) as proved by CIE Lab parameters, absorption spectra and color strength (K/S). The dye particle exhibited diameters in the range of 33–86 nm, whereas polyester fibers exhibited a fiber diameter of 75–125 μm, indicating high porosity and large surface area.

Optimization of the natural dyes extraction (Madder and Wallonia oak) and Cotton Dyeing Using Microwave Irradiation

In this work, microwave irradiation was used to extract two dye plants (Quercus ithaburansis Decaisne and Rubia tinctorum L.) and to dye natural cotton. Using microwave (MW) energy, the extraction time for these plants and the dyeing time for organic cotton fabric were optimized. The colouring compounds were analysed in the extractions and dyed fabrics by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with a photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC PAD). CIEL*a*b* spectrophotometer measured the colour characteristics of all the dyed fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to image the dyed organic cotton fabrics. The colouristic and colourfastness properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. According to the test results, it has been determined that the 5 minutes of extraction and dyeing time using with microwave irradiation method is very eligible. During these processes, energy and timesavings were achieved by eco-friendly MW irradiation and minimized cotton damage.

Environmental friendly pollution free bio-dyeing of wool with haar singhar (Coral Jasmine) flower extract.

The world's move towards revival of eco-labelled products has created a huge urge to explore new means which are healthier for the global community. Among such means, plant-based bio-pigments for coloration of matrix are gaining worldwide fame, particularly in the textile sector. For the purpose of appraising new source of eco-friendly dyes, using microwave irradiation techniques, Coral Jasmine flowers have been explored for the bio-dyeing of wool. The colorant was extracted in acidic medium owing to nature of fabric, and both stuffs have been exposed to microwave treatment up to 5min. Bio-coloration of MW irradiated and unirradiated wool was done using MW irradiated and unirradiated extract for observing high yield. Central composite design (CCD) as statistical method was utilized to see the significance of dyeing parameters chosen for mordanting to develop colorfast shades. Different concentrations of sustainable chemicals and bio-mordants as per weight of fabric were employed to introduce new shades with improved colorfastness properties. International standard textile methods determining shade permanency (fastness) have been employed onto selected dyed-mordanted fabrics. Good yield of colorant was observed when MW irradiated wool fabric was dyed at 75°C for 45min with extract of 7pH, having 1.5g/100mL of salt solution; the promising color yield was observed. As per gray scale ratings observed after ISO standard methods, pine nut as bio-mordant and iron salt as chemical mordant have developed colorfast shades. Conclusively, it can be recommended that methods for the isolation of colorants from new dye yielding plants, MW heating method as suitable clean technology and medicinal-based bio-mordants should be employed for getting permanent gamutes.

Color Fastness and Tensile Properties of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Extract from Albizia Procera Sawdust

Color Fastness and Tensile Properties of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Extract from Albizia Procera Sawdust

Sustainable traditional grass cloth fiber dyeing using the Taguchi L16 (4^4) orthogonal design

For many centuries, traditional grass cloth has been used as an important raw material for home textiles in China, but its market can be expanded by incorporating color. Reactive Red 2 (R2), Reactive Blue 194 (B194), and Reactive Orange 5 (O5) were used in this work to explore the dyeing behavior of sustainable traditional grass fiber using industrial dyeing methods. Initially, an L16 (4^4) orthogonal design was schematically applied to carry out the dyeing process and it was determined that the total dye fixation rate (T%) of B194 dye was the best among the three dyes. Accordingly, a statistical Taguchi technique was analyzed on a larger scale to optimize the dyeing process parameters (salt concentration, fixation time, fixation temperature, and solution pH) of B194, in which solution pH was found to be the most influential factor in achieving the highest T%. This phenomenon was also verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA), where the solution pH was found to be the biggest contributor (50%) and statistically significant (p < 0.05). Finally, confirmation tests were conducted under optimized conditions and a higher T% (53.18%) was determined compared to initial conditions (48.40%). Later, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the structural characteristics and found that grass cloth was chemically stable, yet gummy materials were still observed on their surface, which was also confirmed from digital photographs. Generally, the color coordinates and fastness properties were also satisfactory.

FASTNESS PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT OF FLUORESCENT PIGMENTS

The resistance of the material to a change of its color characteristics during exposure to sunlight, rubbing and washing as domestic and laundry and other various ways are referred to as color fastness of dyes or pigments. In this research, 100% cotton and blended fabrics were dyed with fluorescent pigments i.e. Shining Flu Pink-F17 and Papillion Orange-FGRN in exhaust dyeing method. The improvement of color fastness properties, i.e. color fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light were observed with the treatment of using antioxidants and UV-absorbers. There were eight samples of dyed fabrics (Four samples of 100% cotton knit fabric and four samples of 60/40 cottonpolyester blended fabrics) treated with 1% (v/v) of antioxidants i.e. Gallic acid, L-Ascorbic acid and UV absorbers i.e. 2-hydroxy-4 methoxy-benzophenone, 4-4 dimethoxy-benzophenone respectively. The treatment of antioxidant L-Ascorbic acid and UV absorber 4-4 dimethoxy-benzophenone provides satisfactory improvement of fastness properties than other antioxidants and UV absorbers. The results were mainly interpreted in terms of color strength, visual assessment of evenness and fastness ratings.

Eco‐friendly dyeing of cotton using waste‐derived natural dyes and mordants

AbstractBecause of the environmental burden of synthetic dyes, there has been a revival in practising natural dyeing globally. Natural dyeing uses metallic mordants for improving the dye's fastness properties. However, metallic mordants are also toxic. Herein, both the dyes and mordants were extracted from plant waste using water as a green solvent. The extracted dyes were then applied to the cotton fabric using a natural mordant. The dyed fabric samples were characterised for colour yield, fastness properties, ultraviolet protection and antibacterial activity. For the intended purpose, the wastes of sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran and rice husk were used for dye and mordant extraction. It was found that by increasing the extraction temperature from 30 to 60°C, the dye yield increased. From the K/S values, it was observed that premordanting gave better colour strength than post‐mordanting or meta‐mordanting. The overall ratings for washing and crocking were 3‐4 and 4‐5, respectively. No significant antibacterial activity was observed in the dyed samples. However, excellent ultraviolet protection was observed.

Influence of Cotton Pre-Treatment on Dyeing with Onion and Pomegranate Peel Extracts.

In this paper the possibility of applying natural dyes on cellulose fibres were researched with respect to the impact of cotton material pre-treatment (scouring, chemical bleaching, mercerization and mordanting), using renewable sources of natural dyes (waste as a source). As mordants, metal salts of copper, aluminium and ferrum were used, and the influence on colour change as well as on fastness properties were analysed. The natural dyes were extracted from onion peel (Allium cepa L.) and pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.). In spectrophotometric analysis performed of the plant extracts, the onion extract has peaks at 400 and 500 nm, resulting in red-orange colourations and the pomegranate extract shows a maximum at 400 nm, i.e., in the yellow region, which is characteristic of punicalin. Results show significant influence of cotton pre-treatments on colour appearance and fastness properties, caused by pre-treatments affecting the properties and structure of the cotton itself. The positive effect of mercerization on dye absorption and bonding is confirmed. For wash and light fastness properties, more satisfactory results have been obtained for yarns dyed with pomegranate peel natural dye, and the key importance of mordants for fastness properties has been confirmed.

Chemoinformatics Analysis of the Colour Fastness Properties of Acid and Direct Dyes in Textile Coloration

The efficiency of chemoinformatics methods based on a fragment approach for the analysis of relationships between the chemical structure of textile dyes and colour fastness of the dyeings have been shown by examining a large set of properties, including the light fastness of acid dyes on wool and polyamide fibres, the sensitivity of acid dyes on wool to oxygen bleaching, the wash fastness of acid dyes on wool, the adsorption of direct dyes on cotton, and the photodegradation of azo dyes in solution. An analysis of the developed regression models depicted the contribution of ten substructural molecular fragments for each indicator of the colour fastness properties of acid and direct azo dyes on textile materials. The similarity of several individual multi-atomic fragments for acid and direct azo dyes was found for wool, polyamide, and cotton fibres, which indicates the coinciding mechanisms of the physicochemical processes that accompany the destruction of dyes while testing the light fastness and sensitivity of the dyeings to oxygen bleaching, as well as their adsorption/desorption with the wash fastness and dyeability of wool and cotton.

Sustainable eco-friendly extraction of yellow natural dye from haar singhar (Nyctanthes arbor-tritis) for bio coloration of cotton fabric.

The revival of natural dyes in different walks of life is due to stringent environmental standards imposed by many associations. For current studies, flowers of haar singhar (Nyctanthes arbor-tritis) has been chosen for bio-dyeing of cotton fabric using microwave irradiation techniques. For this purpose, liquid extracts and fabrics were exposed to microwave for 5 min at various conditions. These treated and un-treated dye extracts obtained in respective media were employed to dye the radiated and non-radiated cotton fabrics. The characterization of extract and untreated and undyed irradiated fabrics samples was done through FTIR. Different dyeing variables were optimized under CCD response surface methodology as a statistical tool. With the introduction of new shades and improvement of colorfastness properties, different concentrations of sustainable chemical and bio-mordant were employed. All dyed cotton fabrics were exposed to CIE-color space system for estimation of color coordinates and color strength by using spectra flash SF600 and to rate colorfastness properties using ISO standard methods for light, dry and wet rubbing, washing fastness. Cotton fabric was dyed with haar singhar flower extract of 7 pH from 4 g of powder, using 1.5 g/100 mL salt solution at 60 °C for 30 min. To get acceptable shades, aqueous extract after microwave treatment for 4 min provided excellent color strength. Pistachio (K/S = 3.6342) is a bio-mordant with great results, and aluminum (K/S = 4.8205) is a chemical mordant with outstanding results. It is found that green methods for isolation of colorant and green mordants for getting new shades should be employed.

Innovative isolation of colorant from Butea monosperma for surface-modified silk dyeing

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in adopting natural dyes to avoid the environmental difficulties connected with synthetic coloring compounds. This research focuses on extracting natural dyes from Butea monosperma plants and on developing sustainable dyeing methods for silk fabric. Natural colorants were extracted using an aqueous and an acidic extraction procedure, and silk fabrics were dyed with the extracts using mordanting with a variety of metal mordants and bio-mordants. The treatment of fabric and extracts was carried out using microwave (MW) irradiation. It was found that the bio-mordants have shown higher color strength than metallic mordant. It was also observed that the acacia and pine nut hull at 80°C and before dyeing pomegranate extract at 80°C and after dyeing of silk fabric at 40°C using bio-mordants gave higher color strength than metallic mordants. For comparative analysis, aluminum (Al) salt at 40°C, iron (Fe) salt at 60°C and tannic acid at 80°C gave acceptable results. The colorfastness characteristics were also found good to excellent. The bio-mordants not only provide the higher color strength and fastness properties, but these extracts have also shown an environmental friendly approaches. Scanning electron microscopy image and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the difference between irradiated and unirradiated silk fabrics. Therefore, it is recommended that MW rays and bio-mordants should be used in the natural dyeing of silk fabric to produce colorfast shades of acceptable strength.

DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE WATCH STRAP USING ORGANIC COTTON FABRIC REINFORCED WITH JUTE FABRIC

The term "sustainability" refers to the development of biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and pollution-free products. In this way, this research is concerned with the creation of a new product, a sustainable watch strap. To extend the life of the watch strap, replace the existing strap, which is made of vegan leather, with metal straps. Despite the fact that fabric watch straps are already available, this is the new idealogy developed for watch strap with the naturally herbal dyed organic cotton fabric reinforced with jute as inner layer . The tearing strength of a watch strap is an important mechanical property that was tested and the results were analysed. Because of organic cotton fabric is naturally dyed, colour fastness properties such as rubbing and sublimation were tested and the results were analysed. This study significantly results in the ecofriendly, biodegradable watch strap. Key Words: Sustainability, organic cotton, jute, bio degradable, natural dyeing, eco friendly

Eco-friendly single bath dyeing of wool yarns with extracted cochineal dye: optimization and additives effect

PurposeThe purpose of this study is simultaneous dyeing and mordanting of wool yarns with extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate to the reduction of consuming energy, water and time.Design/methodology/approachThe dyeing process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. pH, dyeing duration and the presence of additives were chosen as variables and the color strength of samples as a response. The color characteristics and fastness attributes of samples dyed in the best condition were evaluated and compared to pre-mordant dyeing outcomes on wool yarns.FindingsThe best conditions for deep dyeing wool with cochineal dye were as follows: pH 2.5, time 110 min and the ratio of aluminum: additives 1:0 at 100 °C. Color strength of dyed wool yarns by one-bath and pre-mordant dyeing methods were approximately the same. Wool yarns can dye to the on-bath dyeing method such that the dyed samples have similar color strength and fastness properties to pre-mordant dyeing.Social implicationsWool dyeing processes that use one-bath dyeing consume less water and produce fewer effluents. As a result, this strategy conserves water and energy for a higher quality of life. The findings of this study, in general, aid environmental protection.Originality/valueA novel one-bath process for dyeing wool with cochineal dye at heavy depths is introduced. RSM was used to optimize the procedure and determine effective parameters on the color strength of dyed wools. Using extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate in a simultaneous dyeing technique, good color fastness qualities on wool fibers were achieved.

Synthesis and spectral properties of H acid-containing dyes and their Mannich-type dyeing performances on silk fibroin

The colouration of silk fibroin through a Mannich-type reaction with aromatic primary amine-containing dyes (APADs), named Mannich-type dyeing, is a novel dyeing method with the advantages of moderate conditions, high selectivity, and high wet fastness. In this study, three novel APADs, including an H acid structure, D1-D3, were designed and synthesized. A similar dye, C1, without an aromatic primary amine group, was selected as the control. Their spectral and colour fastness properties in aqueous solutions and on silk fabrics were measured and evaluated. In addition, their Mannich-type reactivity to silk fabric was evaluated via experiments and simulated calculations. It was revealed that for the H acid-containing dye with the same chromosome structure, the electron accepting/donating properties of the diazo and coupling components affect the colour of the dye after the Mannich-type dyeing. The substituent effect of dyes C1–D3 demonstrated that with the changing properties of electron donation and acceptance in the case of the diazonium component, the absorption spectrum (λmax) of the neutral aqueous dye solution changed from reddish-orange (505 nm) to bluish-violet (541 nm). The λmax of Mannich-type dyed fabrics was generally red-shifted in comparison with that of dyed fabrics by acidic dyeing, which implied the formation of a reactive bond between the dye and the silk fibroin. The presence of aromatic primary amine groups in dyes is the prerequisite for Mannich-type reactivity. The primary amine groups on both benzene and naphthalene rings have Mannich-type reactivity, which is related to the electron cloud density of amino N atoms. With the increase in electron cloud density of the amino N atom, the colour fixation of the dye and the fibre was improved. After the Mannich-type dyeing, the colour fastness of the dyed fabrics and DMF stripping resistance significantly improved, also indicating the formation of a covalent bond between the dye and the fibre. The simulated calculation predicted the colour of APAD in an aqueous solution and on dyed silk fabric after Mannich-type dyeing, which guides the design and enrichment of APADs’ chromatography.

Natural dye extracted from Triadica Sebifera in aqueous medium for sustainable dyeing and functionalizing of viscose fabric

Sustainable dyeing with natural compounds has gained more attention for a wide range of functional properties and environmental benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate aqueous extraction in an alkaline medium in order to extract natural dyes from the bark of the Chinese tallow tree ( Triadica Sebifera ) and to determine its dyeing potential on viscose fabric. The perfect conditions for dye extraction were observed at M: L ratio 1:20, temperature 90 °C, pH 10, and time 100 min. Using different mordanting techniques severe dyeing process was done by using FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O, SnCl 2 .2H 2 O, CuSO 4 .5H 2 O, ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O for viscose fabric. Here, three varied mordanting strategies, pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting, and post-mordanting were applied. The outcome has demonstrated that the dyeing of viscose fabric through post-mordanting strategy with KAl(SO 4 ) 2. 12H 2 O in various time, temperature, pH shown the better performances as well as superior result than the other different mordant. The CIELab values and color strength (K/S) values were measured using different conditions and find out the optimized value by orthogonal experiment. The interactions of dyed particles with viscose fabrics was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The color fastness properties were also in the acceptable range of fastness ratings of 4 for light, 4–5 for wash, 4–5 for dry rubbing and 4 for wet rubbing. The dyed viscose fabric was shown an excellent UV protection properties with 48.50 ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value. The dyeing of viscose fabric with Chinese tallow tree ( Triadica Sebifera ) are very promising and can be considered as the potential alternative candidate of synthetic dyes to meet the actual demand of viscose fabric dyeing and functionalizing in the textile industry. • Viscose fabric was dyeing using natural dyes extracted from Triadica sebifera. • The optimized dyeing conditions were achieved by orthogonal experiment. • The dyed viscose fabric shown acceptable range of fastness properties. • The dyed viscose fabric shown an excellent UV protection properties.

Investigation on fastness properties of plated interlock knitted fabrics

A study was conducted on eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated interlock knitted fabrics with disperse and reactive dyes and also to test the color fastness properties of these selected eri silk plated knitted fabrics. All dyed samples were subjected to wash fastness, light fastness, perspiration, rubbing; dry cleaning, chlorine and non chlorine bleach and hot pressing tests. Results indicated very good and excellent wash fastness to color change and color staining. The values showed that eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated knitted fabrics were better in case of samples dyed with required disperse and reactive dyes. It can be concluded that the eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated interlock fabrics have excellent color fastness properties.