Colleges Of Veterinary Medicine Research Articles

Mechanical Ventilator Parameter Estimation for Lung Health through Machine Learning.

Patients whose lungs are compromised due to various respiratory health concerns require mechanical ventilation for support in breathing. Different mechanical ventilation settings are selected depending on the patient’s lung condition, and the selection of these parameters depends on the observed patient response and experience of the clinicians involved. To support this decision-making process for clinicians, good prediction models are always beneficial in improving the setting accuracy, reducing treatment error, and quickly weaning patients off the ventilation support. In this study, we developed a machine learning model for estimation of the mechanical ventilation parameters for lung health. The model is based on inverse mapping of artificial neural networks with the Graded Particle Swarm Optimizer. In this new variant, we introduced grouping and hierarchy in the swarm in addition to the general rules of particle swarm optimization to further improve its prediction performance of the mechanical ventilation parameters. The machine learning model was trained and tested using clinical data from canine and feline patients at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. Our model successfully generated a range of parameter values for the mechanical ventilation applied on test data, with the average prediction values over multiple trials close to the target values. Overall, the developed machine learning model should be able to predict the mechanical ventilation settings for various respiratory conditions for patient’s survival once the relevant data are available.

Virtual VM4 Clinical Rotations: A COVID-19 Pandemic Response at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

Policy changes in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine (ISU-CVM) included the administrative directive that fourth-year (VM4) clinical rotations immediately transition from in-person to virtual format. This article summarizes the efforts, successes, and challenges experienced by ISU-CVM clinical faculty during this transition. Numerous data sources were reviewed, including college records and announcements, faculty survey results, and student rotation evaluations. Data were explored using quantitative and qualitative methods. Between March and July 2020, 36 faculty from 15 different clinical services invested approximately 5,000 hours in delivering virtual content to 165 VM4 students from ISU-CVM and Caribbean veterinary schools. With departmental, college, and university assistance, faculty effectively used educational technologies (Zoom, Canvas, Echo360) and developed adaptive and innovative methods for virtual content delivery. Virtual VM4 rotations were collectively well received and appreciated by students, and student evaluation scores for virtual rotations were statistically equivalent to or higher than those for the corresponding in-person rotations in the preceding year. Although certain hands-on skills could not be adequately acquired in a virtual environment, students gained theoretical knowledge and case-based problem-solving skills in the online format. Faculty reported satisfaction with their adaptability and resilience in these challenging circumstances. These findings demonstrate that ISU-CVM clinical faculty invested substantial time and effort to transition in-person clinical rotations to virtual format during the early COVID-19 pandemic. This is particularly noteworthy given that many of these same faculty simultaneously served as essential personnel managing clinical cases in the university's teaching hospital.

The PKC ‐δ/ NF‐κB/p300/ TNFα signaling cascade and HDAC activity facilitate LPS‐induced Rgs10 silencing in pulmonary macrophages Faris Almutairi 1,2 and Balázs Rada 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA

Regulator of G protein signaling 10 (RGS10) is a member of the superfamily of RGS proteins that canonically act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which accelerate GTP hydrolysis on the G-protein α subunits and result in termination of signaling pathways downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. Independent of its canonical function, RGS10 has emerged as an anti-inflammatory protein by inhibiting LPS-mediated NF-κB activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, in particular TNFα. Although RGS10 is abundantly expressed in resting macrophages, previous studies have shown that RGS10 expression is suppressed in macrophages following toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by LPS. However, the molecular mechanism by which LPS induces Rgs10 silencing has not been clearly defined. The goal of the current study was to determine whether LPS silences Rgs10 expression through an NF-κB mediated proinflammatory mechanism in pulmonary macrophages, a unique type of innate immune cells. We demonstrate that Rgs10 transcript and RGS10 protein levels are suppressed upon LPS treatment in MHS alveolar macrophage cell line. We show that pharmacological inhibition of PKC-δ/ NF-κB/p300 (NF-κB co-activator)/TNFα signaling cascade and the activities of HDAC enzymes block LPS-induced silencing of Rgs10 in MHS cells as well as microglial BV2 cells. Further, loss of RGS10 by using CRISPR/Cas9 amplifies NF-κB phosphorylation and inflammatory genes expression following LPS treatment in MHS cells. Together, our findings strongly provide critical insight into the molecular mechanism underlying RGS10 suppression by LPS in macrophages.

Tick- Borne Diseases: 1-Incidence of Babesiosis Amongst Livestock During 2013-2018 At Alkadaru Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Bahri, Khartoum North

During 2013-2018 A total of 3457 different animals were admitted to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital (TVH), College of veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri . Blood samples were taken from the ear vein and smears were prepared, stained and examined in the laboratory for babesia parasite. A total of 687 (19.87%) samples were positive out of which 433(63.02%) were cattle,55(8.01%)sheep,177(25.76%)goat, 13 (1.89%) camel , 5(0.72%) horses, one(0.15%) donkey, one(0.15%)deer , and 2(0.30%) dogs . Compared to other years, the positive cases of babesosis were higher, 337 (49.05%) during 2017. In cattle, during the study period there was fluctuation amongst different seasons comparing between different years. However, comparing between seasons, generally the prevalence of babesia was significantly higher during summer (p˂0.05) and autumn (p˂0.01).In sheep, comparing between different years there was fluctuation amongst different seasons. However, comparing between seasons, generally the prevalence of babesia was significantly higher during autumn (p˂0.05). In goats, between years there were fluctuations for babesia prevalence in different seasons, while comparing between seasons, winter had significantly (p˂0.05) higher values. It is concluded that, babesiosis is one of the serious health problems in North Bahri that may negatively affect animals’ production mainly cattle and goats. This study also revealed that, babesia showed seasonal fluctuations in its occurrence. Restrict tick control strategies should be implemented by the veterinary authorities . A seroprevalence study should be performed for genetic characterization of babesia in the area. Moreover, studies to investigate drug resistance and epidemiological studies should be conducted amongst animal labors and owners.

Effect of application of Chitosan in skin grafting surgeries in rabbits

A study was done at the theatre of department of veterinary Surgery & obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq which performed to compare the effect of application of chitosan action as scaffold with collagen fibers. The histopathological findings in operation’s sites showed the developments of skin graft’s healing which was the guide to monitoring the healing. The results showed that the chitosan-treated grafts was healed more controllable with less scar tissue than non-treated grafts which indicates that the chitosan was coordinated the healing.

"Outbreak Study of Foot and Mouth Disease in Relation to Vaccination and Vaccine Efficacy Assessment in Central Ethiopia"

Beksisa Urge1* and Fufa Dawo2 Author Affiliations 1Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Institute (EIAR), Holeta Research center, Ethiopia 2Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Ethiopia Received: April 06, 2021 | Published: April 26, 2021 Corresponding author: Beksisa Urge, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Institute (EIAR), Holeta Research center, Ethiopia DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.35.005685

Colonic aplasia in a neonatal giraffe calf

Veterinary Record Case ReportsVolume 9, Issue 2 e38 IMAGES IN… Colonic aplasia in a neonatal giraffe calf Julie D. Sheldon, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this authorJoseph Smith, Corresponding Author animal197@gmail.com Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA Correspondence Joseph Smith, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50011–3020, United States. Email: animal197@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorCaroline Knox Griffem, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this authorCamille Marie Cordero Aponte, Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this authorKim M. Newkirk, Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this author Julie D. Sheldon, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this authorJoseph Smith, Corresponding Author animal197@gmail.com Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA Correspondence Joseph Smith, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50011–3020, United States. Email: animal197@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorCaroline Knox Griffem, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this authorCamille Marie Cordero Aponte, Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this authorKim M. Newkirk, Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 April 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/vrc2.38Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume9, Issue2June 2021e38 RelatedInformation

Harnessing Clinical Trial Capacity to Mitigate Zoonotic Diseases: The Role of Expert Scientists in Ethiopia.

Background: The emergence and resurgence of zoonotic diseases have continued to be a major threat to global health and the economy. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable due to agricultural expansions and domestication of animals with humans. Scientifically sound clinical trials are important to find better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat zoonotic diseases, while there is a lack of evidence to inform the clinical trials' capacity and practice in countries highly affected with the diseases. This study aimed to investigate expert scientists' perceptions and experiences in conducting clinical trials toward zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia.Methods: This study employed a descriptive, qualitative study design. It included major academic and research institutions in Ethiopia that had active engagements in veterinary and public health researches. It included the National Veterinary Institute, the National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, the College of Veterinary Medicine at Addis Ababa University, the Ethiopian Public Health Institute, the Armauer Hansen Research Institute, and the College of Health Sciences at Addis Ababa University. In-depth interviews were conducted with expert scientists. Data were collected from October 2019 to April 2020. Data analysis was undertaken using open code 4.03 for qualitative data analysis.Results: Five major themes, with 18 sub-themes, emerged from the in-depth interviews. These were: challenges in the prevention, control, and treatment of zoonotic diseases; One Health approach to mitigate zoonotic diseases; personal and institutional experiences in conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases; barriers in conducting clinical trials toward zoonotic diseases; and strategies that promote conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases. Conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia is hampered by a lack of clearly articulated ethics and regulatory frameworks, trial experts, financial resources, and good governance.Conclusion: In Ethiopia, conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases deserves due attention. Strengthening institutional and human resources capacity is a pre-condition to harness effective implementation of clinical trials on zoonotic diseases in the country. In Ethiopia where skilled human resource is scarce, One Health approach has the potential to form multidisciplinary teams to systematically improve clinical trials capacity and outcomes in the country.

Veterinary Professions Advising Center: an innovative approach to preveterinary advising for Animal Science students.

Veterinary Professions Advising Center (VetPAC) is a unique undergraduate advising center that combines Career Center services with preprofessional advising for preveterinary students at North Carolina State University (NCSU). During the past 10 years, VetPAC has created five distinct internships, three annual study abroad courses, and a competitive annual high school summer camp, provided holistic advising, and hosted large-scale advising events that consistently provide resources to more than 800 students annually. The VetPAC provided outreach to an average of 13 local high schools per academic year and educated over 300 visiting students about VetPAC and preveterinary life at NCSU since 2015. NCSU College of Veterinary Medicine has had a minimum of 26% and a maximum of 45% DVM students in the incoming classes who accessed VetPAC resources and advising. This article presents the impact VetPAC has had on preveterinary student success at NCSU and provides an outline of VetPAC’s first 10 years of development as a model of combined career services and preprofessional advising for peer institutions.

Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Study of Marek’s Disease in the Gallus gllus Domesticus and BrahmaChickens of Basra Province, Iraq

The current study was conducted to diagnose the Marek’s disease in naturally infected Gallus gllusdomesticus chickens and Brahma chickens in Basrah province , Iraq, on the basis of clincopathological findings and by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Suspected samples were collected randomly from different areas in Basrah province, (poultry houses, veterinary clinics, markets and Consulting clinic of the veterinary medicine college of Basrah university). The results of this study showed that some birds had significant clinical signs of Marek’s Disease, like paralysis of the legs and wings. Post mortem inspection showed different lesions according to chickens species in the Gallus gallusdomestics which were severely affected in sciatic nerve inferred by enlargement of sciatic nerve, splenomegaly & hepatomegaly with nodular tumor as well as lesions in the other organs. In Brahma chickens there were mild gross lesions in viscera and only showed enlargement of sciatic nerve. Histopathological examination showed changes in the spleen (necrosis in the white pulp and hyperplasia in the central arteriole of the white pulp) . Sciatic nerve showed edematous fluid in the nerve parenchyma and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells mainly lymphocytes in the nerves parenchyma. The feather follicleshowed marked vaculationof the epithelial layer as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells in the follicular lining. The confirmation was doneby PCR which showed that the total positive samples for avian Marek’s Disease serotype-1 were nine samples,three positive samples of spleens and two positive samples of feather follicles as well as three positive samples of sciatic nerve and one positivesample of liver . Based on these results , MDV was concluded to be the etiology for this pathological condition in Iraqi backyard flocks. This is the first report of the presence of the MDV in Gallusgallus and Brahma breed in Iraq. Accordingly, the commercial poultry population in Iraq is not far from the threat of the MDV, and surveillance for MDV is needed.

Effect of adding dry bread yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on nutrient digestibility, pH and some blood Characteristics in Awassi rams

The aim of the study was to find out the effect of adding several levels of yeast on digestibility of nutrients, some characteristics of rumen fluid and a number of blood parameters. It was achieved in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Tikrit from 15/7/2017 until 01/10/2017. 16 Awassi rams were used with (36±0.34 kg) initial weight, and (10-12 months) of age. The animals were distributed into four experimental groups (4 lambs per group), and fed on four diets to which the yeast was added. The diets were included in the second groups T2, the third T3 and the fourth T4 on the yeast at rates of 3 g, 5 g and 7 g head /day respectively. It was provided with wheat hay as roughage feed in libtum form, and concentrated feed at a rate of 2.5% of the live weight measured weekly for a period of 75 days. The digestibility of organic matter increased with an upturn in the percentage of yeast in the diet (56.022, 60.529, 64.402 and 63.843), as well as the fiber digestibility factor (59.461, 62.325, 68.568 and 67.413). While the protein digestibility index decreased in T2 and T3 compared with the control group (56.403, 64.955, and 68.853 respectively) while the differences were not significant for the digestibility of dry matter and fatty matter. Rumen pH was increased to 9.675 after hours after eating the feed for the group that added 5 g / day of yeast to its diets. As for the blood parameters, the protein level decreased to 4.825 mg / 100 ml blood for the group that added 5 g / day. A day of yeast to its diet, compared to the control group, which was 5.550 mg / 100 ml of blood.

Comparison of the Nutrition on Different Fats on Lipid Profile, and Some Biochemical Parameters and their Relationship with Liver and Kidney Function in Male Rats

This study was conducted on forty-nine healthy male albino males rats, from 1/11/2019 to 12/30/2019 fortwo months in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Tikrit, their agesranged from 3-4 months and weights of 250-350 g current study aimed to determine the effect of nutritionon the different types of fat in the levels of blood lipids, kidney function, and liver enzymes. The resultsshowed a significant increase with a level of 0.05 (p?) in blood sugar concentration in the two groups ofanimal fat and vegetable oil group with a concentration of 8% g / kg of diet, and the two olive oil groupsdid not show significant differences compared to the control group. Levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, lowdensity lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins in a group that was given fat animal by 8% g / kg ofdiet and a significant decrease in the group of olive oil by 4% g / kg of diet, significant increase (p? 0.05) inthe concentration of high-density lipoproteins in the two groups that have been treated with Olives oil by:4% and 8% g / kg, respectively. There were no significant differences in the rest of the other study treatmentscompared to the control group, and a significant increase of (p?0.05) in the concentrations of urea, creatinineand uric acid in the animal fat group by 8% g/kg of the diet, and a significant decrease in the group that wastreated with olive oil. As for the liver enzymes activity ALT, AST, and ALP there was a significant increase(p? 0.05) in the group that was treated as animal fat by 4% g / kg of diet, while we did not observe significantdifferences in the group that was treated with olive oil by 4% g / Kg of diet compared to a control group.

Hematologic and clinical characteristics of dogs with circulating macrophage-like cells.

Macrophage-like (ML) cells are rarely observed on blood smear examinations, and the significance of these cells has been poorly described. The objective of this study was to retrospectively describe selected hematologic and clinical characteristics of dogs with ML cells in peripheral blood. Complete blood count (CBC) reports with blood smear evaluations from the clinical pathology laboratory records at North Carolina University College of Veterinary Medicine were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected over a 10-year-period. Dogs were defined as having circulating ML cells if three or more ML cells were present on a single blood smear. Hematologic and clinical data of dogs with circulating ML cells were compared with age-matched hospital-derived control dogs. Of 61,631 CBC records, 87 reports (0.14%) described the presence of ML cells. Thirty-nine dogs met the inclusion criteria. The hemogram of dogs with circulating ML cells was characterized by a pronounced inflammatory and stress leukogram, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Of the 39 dogs, 19 (49%) had systemic or severe localized inflammatory/necrotic diseases. Eighteen (46%) dogs were diagnosed with neoplasia of histiocytic (5) and non-histiocytic origins (13). Dogs with circulating ML cells had a shorter median survival time (34days) than the control dogs (595days, P<.0001), with an increased occurrence of death/euthanasia within 1month (3.89-fold). However, the presence of circulating ML cells was not found to be an independent prognostic factor in a multivariable model. The hemograms and diagnoses of dogs with ML cells suggest that severe inflammatory conditions or histiocytic and non-histiocytic neoplasia are common causes for circulating ML cells.

First Confirmed Clinical Case of Anaplasma platys in a Dog in Serbia

Abstract In September 2018, a four-month-old dog with fever and petechial bleeding came to the internal clinic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Belgrade. On hematology analysis, thrombocytopenia and mild anemia were observed. Examination of the blood smear revealed platelet inclusions. The commercial serology test was positive for Anaplasma spp. The dog was treated with doxycycline for 14 days, and after 48 hours from the beginning of the treatment, the symptoms subsided. PCR analysis and sequencing confirmed infection with A. platys.

DESCRIÇÃO ANATOMO-ULTRASSONOGRÁFICA DO CARPO EQUINO

O carpo equino é uma região anatômica que apresenta relevância clínica e cirúrgica aos veterinários, sendo o ultrassom uma modalidade de exame complementar útil para auxiliar no diagnóstico de afecções que envolvem as principais estruturas desta articulação. Devido à escassez de trabalhos que ilustrem os aspectos morfológicos da articulação cárpica hígida e também por consequência de sua alta complexidade, foi objetivo deste trabalho apresentar uma minuciosa descrição anátomo-ultrassonográfica comparada do carpo equino. Na primeira etapa deste estudo, foram utilizadas peças anatômicas provenientes de membros torácicos equinos de modo a priorizar estruturas de maior importância clínica dos aspectos dorsal, palmar, lateral e medial da articulação cárpica. Na segunda etapa, através do exame por ultrassonografia de dois cavalos, foram geradas imagens longitudinais e transversais das estruturas alvo para o estudo anatômico, as quais foram avaliadas quanto à espessura, ecogenicidade e ecotextura. A partir desses dois estudos, foi realizada a correlação das estruturas macroscópicas das peças com suas respectivas representações ultrassonográficas, levando ao desenvolvimento de imagens didáticas aliadas às descrições das estruturas musculoesqueléticas da articulação cárpica, de modo a auxiliar no estudo desta região.

Clinical Factors Associated With Survival Outcomes in Starved Equids: A Retrospective Case Series

Each year in the United States, unwanted horses may become neglected, starved, or abandoned. Recovery therapies include refeeding and veterinary care, often requiring substantial time and financial investments. To better understand the likelihood for starved horses to successfully survive the first 100 days after initial evaluation, a retrospective case series was performed using hospital records of starved horses at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine. A body condition score (BCS) of 3 or less and a malnourished diagnosis were utilized to select case records from an 11-year period (n = 82). Animal descriptors, vital signs, complete blood count data, blood chemistry panels, parasite load, and refeeding diet information were analyzed as available within the case record. Mixed model analyses of variance (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS 9.4) were utilized to test if response variables differed in horses that lived or died. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test factors associated with survival probability 100 days postinitial hospitalization. Body temperature (P = .05) and BCS (P = .0002) were significantly lower in horses that died compared with horses that survived. In addition, white blood cells were increased in horses that died (11.6 ± 1.3 cells/μL) compared with horses that survived (8.6 ± 0.5 cells/μL; P = .03). The initial BCS was associated with probability for survival, where survival likelihood increased 14.6 times for each 1 whole unit increase in the BCS. These results indicate the relevance of using the BCS as a predictor for future survival and as a measure for clinical decision-making.

Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in a veterinary medical teaching institution.

Widespread use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine drives the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria in human, animal, and environmental reservoirs. The AVMA and FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine have both taken public positions emphasizing the importance of incorporating antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary clinical settings; however, a model for implementing a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship program in veterinary practice is not readily available. In 2015, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine began developing a veterinary antimicrobial stewardship program modeled on existing programs in human health-care institutions and the 7 core elements of a successful hospital antimicrobial stewardship program, as defined by the CDC. The program includes comprehensive antimicrobial use guidelines, active environmental surveillance, and enhanced infection control procedures in The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, along with routine monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial prescribing practices and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common pathogens isolated from patients and the hospital environment. Finally, programs have been developed to educate clinicians, staff, and students on antimicrobial resistance and appropriate antimicrobial prescribing practices. The antimicrobial stewardship program has been designed to help clinicians and students confidently make judicious antimicrobial use decisions and provide them with actionable steps that can help them act as strong stewards while providing the best care for their patients. This report describes our program and the process involved in developing it, with the intent that the program could serve as a potential model for other veterinary medical institutions.

A Survey of Injuries That Occurred inVeterinary Teaching Hospitals during2017.

Knowing the frequency, extent or severity of injuries that occur to students and staff within veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) is necessary for proactive management of their safety. This study surveyed contemporaneously-captured incident reports likely to cause or causing injury to students and staff of veterinary teaching hospitals in Europe, the United States of America (USA), Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, recorded in 2017. Four different severities of incident were evaluated within four different cohorts of people, precipitated by five categories for cause. Within each cause-category, further subdivision was based on the nature of the incident. All colleges of veterinary medicine accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Council on Education (COE) or the Australasian Veterinary Boards Council were surveyed. Responses were received from (7/7, 100%) schools in Australia and New Zealand, 12/30 (40%) the United States of America, 1/4 (25%) Canada, 1/1 (100%) Mexico, and 1/3 (33%) United Kingdom, and no responses were received from the AVMA-COE accredited schools in the European Union. The mean incidence of incidents caused by horses was (0.4/1,000 cases), followed by food animals (0.1/1,000 cases), other animals (0.1/1,000 cases), and small animals (0.074/1,000 cases). Within veterinary teaching hospitals at many institutions, veterinary students and veterinarians are particularly at risk of injuries caused by hand-held instruments, such as scalpels and needles. Non-veterinary staff are more at risk than students or veterinarians from injuries caused by small animals. Recording and reporting of incidents is not uniform and may be lacking in detail. Some institutions' systems for record management preclude easy evaluation, and therefore may be insufficient for proactive management of health and safety as required by accreditation bodies.

Clinical and Complementary Diagnosis of Sinus Neoplasia in Horses

Background: Sinus neoplasms are reported as low frequency in horses. Its clinical characteristics are often nonspecific, depend on complementary methods for diagnosis, and when diagnosed, generally they are already advanced, limiting therapeutic possibilities. The objective of this case series was to detail clinical aspects and complementary exams for sinus neoplasms for early diagnosis, comparing them with the literature.Cases: Four horses were treated at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, with different clinical signs and previous diagnoses, which when evaluated by respiratory endoscopy, radiography, oral cavity evaluation and histopathological exams, revealed the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, ossifying fibroma and lymphoma. Previous diagnosis, based mainly on clinical signs, were sinusitis secondary to apical infection, ethmoidal hematoma, sinus cyst and sinusitis secondary to periapical disease. The cases of anaplastic carcinoma (case 1) and lymphoma (case 4) presented with an advanced degree of the disease with involvement and destruction of paranasal structures and adjacent tissues, in addition to a poor general condition, which made surgical treatment impossible and led to euthanasia. In these cases, previous treatment was made to apical infection and periodontal disease with secondary sinusitis, but negative evolution led to suspicion of neoplasia, confirmed by histopathological exam of incisional biopsy of the mass in oral cavity. Benign ossifying fibroma (case 3) presented with progressive respiratory difficulty due to occlusion of the lumen of some nasal meatus and radiographic signs of invasion and deformation of the adjacent bones, it was submitted for surgical excision and there was no recurrence until hospital discharge. The poorly differentiated carcinoma (case 2) was a multilobulate neoformation in the ethmoidal region, similar to ethmoid hematoma in endoscopic and radiographic evaluation, it was submitted for excision and two sessions of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, associated with administration of piroxicam, which obtained a good result until the period of 1 year after discharge.Discussion: It was found that many characteristics are common with these types of neoplasms, and the clinical signs, such as nasal secretions, airway obstruction, increased facial volume, severe alterations in oral cavity, although unspecific, suggest the differential diagnosis for neoplasms. It is important to differentiate from other diseases noting the evolution and growth of these tumors, like in cases 1 and 4, especially the growth to internal tissues, using complementary methods described here, like endoscopic and radiographic examination. Late identification or even manipulation of neoplasms, without proper diagnosis, leads to a few prognoses regarding life. When it is possible to perform surgical excision, complementary methods are important to guide the procedure, and definitive diagnosis is made through histopathologic exam and some need immunohistochemistry analysis. Cases 2 and 3 had surgical access, were submitted to excision and treatment with good results, both with close monitoring in first months and prolonged quality of life. These results highlight the importance of complementary methods for early diagnosis, correct intervention and monitoring of evolution.Keywords: sinus neoplasia, paranasal sinus, tumor, head, horses.

Treatment of copper deficiency in Texel-crossbred sheep by the feeding of a concentrate formulated for dairy cows

Six Texel-crossbred sheep, from a flock with a history of a dull appearance and mild diarrhea, were presented to the faculty of veterinary medicine (University of Utrecht) . The clinical signs were found to be related to Copper (Cu) deficiency as indicated by low hepatic Cu values. It was decided to treat the animals by feeding them concentrates specifically formulated for dairy cows because such concentrates have a rather high Cu content compared to concentrates designed for sheep. Sheep Cu status was monitored by measuring liver Cu concentrations. Current results indicate the potential of feeding cow concentrate as a practical method to treat Cu deficiency in Texel-crossbred sheep. In contrast to hepatic Cu concentrations, serum Ceruloplasmin concentration (Cp) values did not respond to the treatment thereby indicating that serum Cp is inferior to evaluate Cu status in sheep compared to liver Cu measurements.