Classical Texts Of Ayurveda Research Articles

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON PHYSIOLOGY OF VISION

The visual pathway predominantly travels beneath the cortex for most of its length. Visual signals in the optic nerves may intersect at the chiasma and then proceed through the optic tracts. The term Ayurveda derives from two words: "Ayu," meaning life, and "Ved," signifying knowledge or science. Therefore, "AYURVEDA" as a whole translates to "the science of life." According to Ayurvedic principles, the universe consists of five funda-mental elements. The body maintains an ideal equilibrium of these elements, and any disruption to this balance results in a state of unhealthiness we refer to as illness. The classical texts of Ayurveda provide detailed insights into the physiology of the sense organs, sensation, perception, and the mind's role in the perception process in an exceptional manner. Indriya (sense faculty) serves as the specialized tool that helps the soul in recognizing even the slightest changes in both the external and internal environments. Indriya acts as the essential element that differentiates living entities from non-living ones. The concept of Indriya pancha panchak, introduced by Achar-ya Charaka, delves into both the anatomical and physiological features of the sense organs. The five sensory faculties include sight (chakshurendriya), hearing (shrotrendriya), smell (ghranendriya), taste (rasanendriya), and touch (sparshnendriya). Each sensory faculty is associated with a specific object: sound (shabda) pertains to hearing, touch (sparsha) relates to the tactile sense, color (rupa) corresponds to sight, taste (rasa) is associated with the gustatory sense, and smell (gandha) links with the olfactory sense organ. Every sensory faculty pos-sesses an excess of one material element. Developed from particular material constituents, each specific sense faculty perceives the properties of its corresponding element. The mechanics of how the external world is per-ceived is referred to as the visual process or the physiology of vision. Ayurveda introduces a special concept known as the Tridosha theory. The three fundamental elements of the human body are collectively termed Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). The Tridosha governs the physiological and voluntary activities of the body. Ayur-veda elaborates on the physiology of vision by considering the roles of vata and pitta. Pitta encompasses five different types: Ranjak, Pachak, Alochak, Sadhak, and Bhrajak. The "Alochak Pitta" is recognized as the seat of "Drishti." The retinal pigments Rhodopsin, Iodopsin, and Melanin symbolize Alochak Pitta. Alochak pitta is fur-ther categorized into two types: chakshu vaisheshik located in the eye and buddhi vaisheshik found in the brain. There are three stages in this visual process: the light refraction phase, the phase in which light energy is trans-formed into an electrical impulse, and lastly, the peripheral and central neurophysiology involving the geniculate bodies and optic radiations prior to synapsing in the occipital cortex.

Exploring the hidden treasures of Coptis teeta Wall.: Ethnomedicinal claims, traditional wisdom and promising avenues for research

Coptis teeta Wall., commonly known as Mishmi teeta, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family and is rich in various bioactive compounds. It is classified as endangered on the Red List and is endemic to the Eastern Himalayas in Northeast India, representing a valuable repository of traditional wisdom and ethno medicinal practices. This article compiles available data on C. teeta for the first time, drawing from classical Ayurveda texts, botanical floras and research databases. Since 3000 B.C., this "Goldthread" has been an integral part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as Rhizoma coptidis. Through an extensive literature search, including online published reviews, research articles, and ethnomedicinal survey reports, it has been found that various tribes in Arunachal Pradesh, India, have utilized its potent therapeutic benefits for centuries to treat ailments such as gastrointestinal disorders, malaria, diabetes, eye disorders, infectious diseases, and more. The vivid pharmacological activities of C. teeta are primarily attributed to its alkaloids and other non-alkaloidal components, although limited preclinical work has been reported to date. The roots and rhizomes of C. teeta are rich in alkaloids such as berberine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, epiberberine, coptisine and palmatine. These compounds play a significant therapeutic role in managing various ailments, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. They possess anti- inflammatory and analgesic properties, offer neuroprotective effects, aid in metabolic regulation and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Additionally, this review discusses the extensive trade benefits of C. teeta, the reasons for its threatened status, and various practical approaches for its conservation and cultivation. By bridging ethnomedicinal knowledge with scientific modernization through a multidisciplinary research approach, this review aims to unlock the hidden treasures of C. teeta and encourage further pharmacological research and standardization.

Management of Plaque Psoriasis through <i>Ayurveda</i> - A Clinical Case Study

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects the skin and joints and is chronic, non-communicable, painful, disfiguring and disabling. The prevalence of psoriasis in countries ranges from 0.09% to 11.4%. The reported prevalence in India is 0.44 - 2.8%. Even though psoriasis was found long ago, its etiology and treatment are not affirmative. Psoriasis can be correlated to Ekakushtha based on the signs and symptoms described in the classical texts of Ayurveda. Many herbs have been mentioned in Ayurveda to treat psoriasis, however due to the disease’s complicated pathophysiology and relapsing nature, there is need to develop a multimodal treatment protocol. We report a case of plaque psoriasis in a female patient aged 18 in this article. The prescribed course of action was created in accordance with the Ayurvedic-samprapti (pathology). Therapeutic emesis after improving digestion power was done followed by internal medicine Patoladigana decoction, Tablet Arogyavardhinivati, Tablet Gandhakrasayana and Mahatiktaka ghee was given along with Ayyapal oil for topical application on patches. During treatment and 1 year after completion of treatment diet and lifestyle modifications were strictly followed by the patient. Compared to earlier allopathic treatment, the efficacy of the treatment was observed substantially sooner. After treatment, there was no recurrence. During treatment, the wholesome diet as a health promoter was important. Time to time photographic documentation was maintained during whole year of treatment. Ayurvedic external and internal treatment can help to rectify the intricate patho-physiology of persistent psoriasis.

Evaluating the Immunomodulatory Effect of Indukantham Gritham: An Ayurvedic Perspective

The basic principles of Ayurveda rely on the concept that Sharira is composed of Tridoshas (three humors), Panchamahabhuthas (five elements), Sapthadhatus (seven tissues). Any imbalance among them causes Roga. Ayurveda aims at maintaining the health of Swastha and curing the Roga in unhealthy. Classical texts of Ayurveda have defined immunity as (Vyadhikshamatwa) i.e., the ability of the body to prevent as well as arrest the progression of a Roga. In biomedical science immunology is that branch which covers the study of all aspect of immune response in all organisms. Indukantham Gritham an Ayurvedic medicine is recognized for its role in promoting health and enhancing immune function. It is composed of ghee, which is known for its rejuvenative properties, and several herbs with documented health benefits. Present article light on the concept of evaluating the immunomodulatory effect of Indukantham Gritham.

TRIGUNA-TRIDOSHA RELATIONSHIP; IMPORTANCE AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN AYURVEDA: A REVIEW

Prakriti is constitution and temperament, physique and nature, physical and mental makeup, general built and habits. In classical texts of Ayurveda three doshas namely vata, pitta, kapha and three guna namely satva, raja, tama mentioned according to different acharyas. Ayurveda says that everyone is made up of five bhautika tatvas and one jivatma that is self consciousness. Five tatvas are namely: Akasha (space), Jala (water), Teja (agni), Vayu (air), Prithvi (earth). These combination of 6 elements gives rise doshas which are three in number namely vata, pitta, kapha. The three gunas are each associated with a specific characteristic, sattvik (purity), rajas (activity) and tamas (darkness). These doshas shows physiological and psychological tendencies. Humans, food and various objects are composed of these three gunas. Gunas are qualities, dravya stands for the 5 elements and dosha represents movement. Together, they form the basis of three constituents. The main purpose of this article is about to establish relationship and therapeutic approach between doshas and gunas.

Mandoor Shodhana - A Bird Eye Review

Mandoor (Iron Oxide) is important in Rasashastra as a Dravya from Upadhatu Varg. It is widely used in Ayurveda therapeutics for the treatment of Pandu Roga, Kamala Roga, Rajakshaya and Raktakshaya. Mandoor is found buried inside the earth’s land and is said to be of mineral origin. Thus, it becomes important to get rid of physical and chemical impurities in Mandoor and make it potent for using it in therapeutics. To serve the necessity, Shodhana procedure is mentioned in classical texts of Ayurveda. The physical and chemical changes occurring during Shodhana make Mandoor suitable for the therapeutic use. In the classical texts of Ayurveda and Rasashastra numerous Shodhana procedures for Mandoor are found mentioned. So here an attempt was made to review various Shodhana procedures for Mandoor. In this context eighteen Vishesh Shodhana methods and a Samanya Shodhana found mentioned in different texts. A thorough review was carried out for the Shodhana procedures.

Critical study of Kala Shareera w.s.r. to Pittadhara Kala with its Modern Anatomy

In various classical texts of Ayurveda, Kala is described as an anatomical structure, which separates the Dhatu and Aashaya i.e., it provides boundary between Dhatu and Aashaya. Also called as Dhatwashayantaramaryada. As per Acharya Sushruta, the numbers of Kala are Seven. Acharya Sushruta said as the core of a piece of wood become exposed to view by cutting into it, so the Dhatus of the body may be seen by removing the successive layers. These Kala are extensively supplied with Snayus, bathed in mucus and encased in membranous covering. By sequential order, Pittadhara Kala is the sixth Kala mentioned by Acharya Sushruta. According to modern anatomy the mucus membrane presents many villi, the intestinal villi are finger like projection of mucous membrane. They give the surface of the intestinal mucosa a velvety appearance. Each villus is covered by a layer of absorptive columnar cells. This article lays emphasis on the types of Kala according to Ayurvedic perspective w.s.r. to Pittadhara Kala and its correlation with modern anatomy. This article describes the various aspects of Kala mainly Pittadhara Kala in all respects to types, structure etc. Since description of Kala and its types is present in both the sciences, so an attempt is made in this article to correlate and compare Kala with Membrane.

Scientific applicability in day-to-day practice on Granthokta Garbhini Paricharya

Achievement of motherhood is the cherished desire of every woman, as fetus depends upon mother for its nourishment, so health of pregnant women is most important as motherhood represents the bearing capacity of fetus inside the womb and delivery in a healthy status. There are many physiological and psychological changes occur in different stages of pregnancy in which some of them may ends up in discomfort and trouble. Acharyas have described Masanumasika Garbhini Paricharya in classical texts of Ayurveda for pregnant women that help in the development of fetus, healthy growth of fetus and care to mother. Garbhini Paricharya is nothing but the care given to pregnant women mostly through Ahara and Vihara. It is the daily regimen one should have to follow in the most delicate days of their life. The nine monthly diets are singularly unique in Ayurveda. This Paricharya changes in accordance to the growth of fetus in the womb and at the same time ensures health of mother. One can find remnants of dietetics (Paricharya) with older women and midwives but detailed and comprehensive diet plan as Paricharya is being practiced only by Acharyas. The main intension of advising Garbhini Paricharya is Paripurnatya (providing growth to fetus and mother), Anupaghata (pregnancy without complications) and Sukhaprasava (for normal delivery and healthy progeny). In this paper we are giving a broad expanse of the month wise diet as Garbhini Paricharya which can be modified according to the season, age, place, and digestive fire of pregnant woman.

A REVIEW ON ROLE OF TRIDOSHA IN HEALTH AND DISEASES

Healthy and unhealthy state of a human being depends on normal and abnormal functional state of Tridosha, considering the physiological importance of Dosha in maintenance of homeostasis of the body. Tridosha have been called as root (Dosha Dhatu Mala Moolam hi Shariram) of the body. All the functions of the body could be explained in terms of Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala. Panchamahabhuta are chief controllers of universe. By Loka purusha saamyavaada existence of entities in universe and living body is similar. Hence controllers in human body must also be Panchabhoutika. Since Dosha are functional representatives of Panchamahabhuta, they are controllers of body functions. They are structurally Panchabhoutika in nature. Synthesis of Dosha is brought about in two stages. Those synthesized in unicellular zygote and impress every cell after differentiation are Prakruta Dosha, which are decisive factors for body characteristics. Those synthesized from food material which control routine body metabolism are called Vaikrata Dosha, which are decisive factors for homeostasis. Both stages are observed in intra uterine as well as extra uterine life. Both these kinds of Dosha work in synergism to carry out all bodily functions. Vatadosha is divided into five types and These types are according to function, chief location etc. Similarly, Pitta as well as Kaphadosha are also divided into five types. Within limits Doshas are maintaining living body, as they maintain homeostasis. Doshas are only and direct responsible factors for genesis of diseases. Even though there are exogenous and endogenous etiological factors in pathogenesis, Ayurveda suggests that any cause leads to vitiation of Dosha in the first place and then next events start for generation of diseases. Doshas control other two entities namely Dhatu and Mala. Aim & Objectives: Observing the role of Doshas in health and disease conditions Materials and Methods: All the classical texts of Ayurveda with available commentaries, published research papers, PUB med, Google scholar, research Gate, subject related data on Internet and other sources were reviewed for the present study Results and Conclusion: The Doshas having the primary role in maintaining health and any disturbance in Doshas will causes disease KEY WORDS: Doshas, Ahara, vihara, Vikruti, vyadhi

An analytical study on Sharad Ritucharya

The newly emerging diseases and diminishing immunity have made humans to seriously think about their health. Lifestyle modulation and adaptation according to climate is the need of hour. The glorious Ayurveda has its principal focus of conserving health and prevention of disease before their occurrence.[1] Aacharya’s have described Dincharya (daily regimen) and Ritucharya (seasonal regimen). One can cherish good health by following proper Ritucharya, described in classical texts of Ayurveda. The living beings especially humans are hugely affected by the change in climate. The features of all the Ritus, dietary and habitual modulation according to changing Ritu has been widely explained in the foremost texts of Ayurveda. Here, the Sharad Ritu which is one of the Ritu’s of Dakshinayan is overviewed so as to present the dietary and behavioural regimen in this season. The Sharad Ritu marks the transition from summers to winters. The hot sun rays in Sharad Ritu exaggerate the Pitta Dosha which is already accumulated in body in the Varsha Ritu. So dietary and habitual modifications which are Pitta Shamak in nature should be followed in Sharad Ritu along with the Shodhan procedures like Virechan and Raktamokshan.

APPLICABILITY OF PANCHAKARMA IN SURGICAL PATHOLOGIES- A REVIEW

Panchakarma is an integral part of Ayurveda and is an essential therapy inhabiting all eight branches of Ayurveda. Its applicability extends to Shalya Tantra (School of Ancient Indian Surgery). Panchakarma is used to treat a variety of acute and chronic surgical conditions, such as Vrana (wound), Bhagna (musculoskeletal injuries),Arsha (haemorrhoids), Bhagandara (fistula in ano), Arbuda (tumours), Shlipada(filariasis), Shopha (swellings) and Vidradhi(abscess) etc. Panchakarma includes Vamana (therapeutic vomiting or emesis), Virechana (therapeutic purgation),Basti (therapeutic enema),Nasya (elimination of toxins through the nose/ errhine therapy) and Raktamokshana karma (therapeutic bloodletting). In the classical texts of Ayurveda, an elaborative description of the applicability of Panchakarma is available, with particular relevance in the management of various surgical pathologies. In this article, an effort has been made to explore the applied concepts of Panchakarma in Shalya Tantra with reference to brihatrayi.

A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BEEJA VIKRUTI IN GARBHA: INSIGHTS FROM TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINE

Introduction: Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine, elucidates the process of fetal development, emphasis-ing the union of sperm, ovum, and soul to form the fetus. Despite this intricate process, the potential for fetal defects, termed Garbha Vikruti, exists due to factors such as vitiation in sperm or ovum. Ayurveda attributes these defects to the mother's pre-conception and gestational diet, lifestyle, teratologic agents, and Dosha vitia-tion, impacting organogenesis and leading to diverse forms of Garbha Vikruti. The severity and timing of Dosha vitiation during pregnancy are critical in determining the extent of abnormalities, influencing fetal health and longevity. Objectives: This study explores the concepts of Garbh Vikruti and teratogenicity in Ayurveda. The research delves into the correlation between Ayurveda's Avayava Utpatti and Modern Organogenesis, examining sources including classical Ayurveda texts, journal articles, textbooks on embryology, and evidence-based re-search articles. Materials and Methods: The study synthesises information from classical Ayurveda texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Kashyapa Samhita), Ayurveda journal articles, embryology/anatomy text-books, and research articles from reputable databases. The correlation between Ayurvedic and modern concepts is analysed to understand the factors causing fetal defects. Results: The article explores Ayurvedic concepts such as Beeja (gametes), Beejabhaga (chromosomes), Beejabhagavayava (genes), Aatmakarma (spiritual influ-ences), Aashaya (uterine abnormalities), Kaala Dosha (temporal influences), and Matuaaharvihara (diet and lifestyle) as factors contributing to Garbha Vikruti. The study discusses the role of vitiated Beeja, chromosomal anomalies, genetic diseases, spiritual influences, uterine abnormalities, temporal factors, maternal diet and life-style in causing teratological malformations. Conclusion: Fetal defects are categorized into genetic (Beeja Dosha) and metabolic (Garbha Vighatakara Bha-va) factors. Genetic defects include conditions like cleft lip and congenital heart defects, while metabolic defects encompass neural tube defects. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to understanding and managing these factors, ensuring optimal fetal health and preventing future diseases. Prenatal advisors are urged to discourage the consumption of certain harmful foods, contributing to a comprehensive strategy for fetal well-being and future health.

Prevention of Osteoporotic Disorders with Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica)

Objectives: 1. To review the effect of foxtail millet in Bone health. 2. To review Asthivikara according to Ayurvedic science. 3. To review about ayurvedic and modern concept of Foxtail Millet and Osteoporosis. Materials and methods: All the research work regarding foxtail millet, Osteoporosis, Bone health, Sandhankarma has been searched from science direct, PUBMED, scholar articles. Various classical text of ayurveda and modern science has been reviewed. Discussion: foxtail millet possesses Madhura (sweet), Astringent (Kashaya) rasa, Guru guna (heavy), ruchya property (increases taste), Sheeta veerya (cold potency), brumhana karma (nourishing), sandhankar (healing) property. It is rich in Vitamin B12, protein, good fat, carbs and dietary fibre content. Besides copious amounts of lysine, thiamine, iron and niacin, it also offers abundant amounts of calcium. Osteoporosis was first considered to be an age-related disorder characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility, thereby putting the patient at risk of fractures. Studies have reported an increased risk of developing osteoporosis in patients with various inflammatory conditions. Bound polyphenols of inner shell (BPIS) from foxtail millet bran can display anti-inflammatory effects Conclusion: Foxtail millet diet consumption will help in prevention of osteoclastic activity i.e. bone resorption process and may promote the activity of osteoblastic cells i.e. bone forming cells. It can promote anti-inflammatory effect. But according to Ayurveda, its consumption should be limited to once a day to prevent vitiation of Vata Dosha. So mass awareness and large scale research study is required for significant result.

A Review on Kashyapokta Sama Jwara in Children with respect to Viral Fever

"Jwara" is important and critical among all the diseases, because it affects each and every living being. Hence, it has been given first place in the classical texts of Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, Jwara is not merely the concept of raised body temperature, but as is said in Charaka Samhita, 'Deha- Indriya- Manah- Santap' is the cardinal symptoms of Jwara. This can be defined as the state where the body, mind as well as sense organs suffer due to the high temperature. Acharya Kashypa in Vishamjawar chapter explained Sama Jwara. He is only author who explained Sama Jwara. Sama Jwara is characterized by Alpahetu, Bahirmarga, vaikruta, Nirupadrava, ekashraya Laghupaka and Sukhasadhya. Materials and Methods: This study is based on literately review of classical information, published research work and modern literature. The possible correlation has been made between collected information and has been presented in systemic way. Discussion and conclusion: Sama Jwara is explained only by Kashyapa, Lakshanas of which is similar to Bahirvegi Jwara, Rasa dhatugat Jwara, in modern era it can be compared with viral fever.

Traditional and Contemporary uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Psoralea corylifolia Linn.

Background: Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia Linn.) is an endangered and traditionally important medicinal plant of the family Fabaceae. It is used worldwide for the treatment of several ailments due to the presence of various bioactive constituents that are mainly concentrated in the seeds and fruits of plants. It has been used since time immemorial as a popular drug for shvitra (leukoderma), kustha (skin diseases), osteopathy, rejuvenation, aphrodisiac, etc. Materials and Methods: Primarily, classical texts of Ayurveda including Brihat trayi (The greater triad), Laghu trayi (The lesser triad), and Nighantu (Lexicons) were reviewed. Establishing an overview, library resources, and online collections of books and other online databases such as Pubmed Central, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, JSTOR, Henari, Google Scholar, NepJoL were explored with search words like “Bakuchi”, “Psoralea corylifolia” for its botanical characteristics, traditional and contemporary uses, pharmacognosy, phytochemical constituents, pharmacology, toxicology, and agricultural and miscellaneous aspects. Results and Discussion: It was found that Psoralea corylifolia has been used since the Vedic period for the treatment of various skin diseases like psoriasis, and vitiligo in Ayurveda and several metabolic and systemic diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine, by its various names and formulations. Furthermore, under appropriate dosages no any toxic effect of the plant was reported in an animal experiment conducted by Uthirapathy and Ahamad. Conclusion: The seed of P. corilifolia Linn is commonly used in skin diseases such as Switra (leukoderma), Vicharchika (psoriasis) whereas anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-lipogenic, anti-tuberculous, anti-carcinogenic, memory enhancing, anti-venom and aphrodisiac has also been reported as its major pharmacological activities. Clinical trials can be further conducted to evaluate the pharmacotherapeutics of P. corylifolia to develop the well-established evidence-based therapy

Ayurvedic pandemic perspective: A narrative review

The human race has been under the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic for the past several months. The frequency, magnitude and unprecedented nature of the pandemic have imposed global chaos. The traditional lessons procured from the epidemic approach have converged to the delta of trained in capacity in tackling the grave issue, eventually opening the door to Ayurveda for experiential and experimental knowledge. To explore and draw a narrative review on the conceptual framework of Janapadhodhwamsa (Epidemics), eliciting causative factors, alarming signs, and nature and providing a guideline of remedial measures for such engulfing catastrophes. Materials and methods include a review on the concepts of Janapadhodhwamsa and Kalaja Vyadhi (seasonal diseases) in classical Ayurveda texts of Charaka and Susrutha, followed by a PubMed search using keywords such as COVID-19, disease transmission, climate change, socioeconomic impact, and pandemic risk. A scheme comprising a compilation, in-depth study, contemplation and coding of the relevant literature was employed. Ayurveda portrays the meaningful concept of Janapadhodhwamsa, the tragic scene of death, disease, and the resultant devastation of a large population spread over geographical entities, countries or the world as whole. Hence, it effortlessly justifies a vivid description of COVID-19. The paper intends to contribute to understanding and contributing to tackling the current pandemic by incorporating Ayurvedic principles with a focus on Janapadhodhwamsa.

Mineral-Associated Medicinal Plants: Uncovering Their Anti-inflammatory Potential Through Comprehensive Exploration of Bioactive Compounds And Pharmacological Activities

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in harnessing the potential of bioactive compounds sourced from specific wild plants with inherent natural anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is a complex physiological response crucial for defense against adverse stimuli. However, prolonged inflammation can give rise to a myriad of health issues, particularly when influenced by factors related to mineral exposure and processing. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of knowledge regarding the anti-inflammatory plant-based drugs which have been derived from green tea, licorice, devil's claw, willow bark, chamomile, Salvia officinalis and Piper ovatum etc. Bioactive compounds such as catechins, glycyrrhizin, harpagoside, salicin, chamazulene, Lactones and alkaloids which are referred as secondary plant metabolites obtaining the pharmacological effects in human beings and animals. It has long been identified by the authors of various classical texts of Ayurveda and their properties, indications to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes which helps to modulate various signaling pathways involved in inflammation. This study delves into the assessment of the anti- inflammatory properties of select wild plants while taking into consideration their potential interactions with mineral and mineral-associated pollutants. Safety and potential side effects are discussed in the context of metal exposure scenarios. Additionally, it underscores the necessity for continued research to elucidate the action mechanisms of these plant-derived compounds, further unlocking their therapeutic potential and efficacy in addressing inflammation heightened by mineral- related factors.

Conceptual Study of Shatkriyakala and Its Applicability in Surgical Diseases

: In Ayurveda, "shatkriyakal" sanchaya, prakopa, prasara, sthanasanshraya, vyakti, and bheda explains the causes of diseaseprogression, or its etiopathogenesis. These six stages represent the six opportunities for a doctor to treat the condition beforeit becomes severe. It is a composite expression of the words Kriya and Kala. Kriya denotes the choice of therapy (medication,diet, and daily routine) used to treat the Dosha disruption, and Kala denotes the stage of a disease's progression. The idea ofKriyakala has been described by the ancient Indian surgeon Sushruta. Many authors have tried writing and compiling thereferences or information in classical texts. Still, there is no single article that not only compiles the textual references but alsoexplains its appropriate applied aspect or correlates its stages in the progression of surgical disorders. The present study alsotries to correlate to stages of disease progression in modern medicine with examples to show its importance today. Theobjective of this study is to review all the literature related to Shatkriyakala in classical texts of Ayurveda and compile it in asingle place to gain comprehensive knowledge about its applied aspects and make readers mind-research oriented to think ofmanagement of disease in that stage to prevent complication. The study can be used for easy referencing for conducting furtherresearch. As this review includes a step-by-step explanation and correlation of the pathogenesis of surgical diseases, there willbe an opportunity for practitioners to provide some evidence-based medicine to incept the disease in that stage to preventdisease progression and further complications.

A Critical Review On the Management of Kukunaka with Special Reference to Neonatal Conjunctivitis

In Ksheerapa avastha, kukunaka is a specific inflammatory eye illness that most commonly affects infants under eight months.Kukunaka is mentioned as Vartmagata Kapha-Raktaj disease of eye. It is a Bala Netrarog linked to photophobia and ocular weakening.The most prevalent eye condition affecting infants is kukunaka, associated with neonatal conjunctivitis or Ophthalmia neonatorum.Local irritation, microorganisms, and the herpes simplex virus are the main causes of inflammation. It happens due to postpartumdifficulties or infections and maternal infections during labor and delivery. Because of an allergic reaction, the child keeps rubbing theirforehead, eyes, nose, and throat. This condition is characterized by watering and purulent discharge from both eyes and keratitis oruveitis may also be present. A neonate with neonatal conjunctivitis or ophthalmia neonatorum would have an inflamed conjunctiva.This review paper aims to review the management of Kukunaka from classical texts of Ayurveda. This review was conducted by learningAyurveda classical texts related to Kaumarbhrutya, Pediatrics texts on Neonatal diseases, published research journals on Pediatricdiseases, and electronic databases. This review's peculiarity is compiling all the data for kukunaka vyadhi from classic texts like its clinicalfeatures, causative factors, and various internal and external medications. Various formulations of kukunaka that are not studied yet areenlightened in this review, along with some shodhana karma that was indicated to nursing mothers and infants, are described in detail.The article concludes that this review is carried out for future research, which will be helpful for the management of kukunaka.

A REVIEW ON YOGARAJ RASAYANA – AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION

Rasayana is one of the panoramic realms of Ayurveda, which comprises specialized use of herbs, herbo-mineral formulations, diet and lifestyle along with behavioral code of conduct to achieve the optimum state of tissues and systems of the body so that there is least effect of external disease causing factors on the In other words, it can be stated that Rasayana is a way to achieve homeostasis and thus retard the process of tissue degeneration leading to prevention of diseases. In healthful condition, Rasayana may be understood as dietary dynamics for rejuvenation of frame and psyche. Among various types of Rasayana classification, Naimittika Rasayana is a disease-oriented therapy. A vast number of Naimittik Rasayana drugs and other poly herbal formulations have proven their efficacies in managing various diseases. One Such drug is Yogaraj Rasayana. It has many pharma-co - therapeutical applications. It is formulated with broad spectrum activity and is indicated in various diseases pertaining to Sarvadhatukshaya. Despite great technological advancement in medical science, the management of immunological infections is still a great challenge. At this juncture, it becomes essential to explore and adopt different Naimittik Rasayana therapies hidden in classical texts of Ayurveda for their proper utilization. Thus, here is an attempt to highlight the immune-modulative and rejuvenating effects of Yogaraj Rasayana in accord-ance with the classical and current literatures.