A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BEEJA VIKRUTI IN GARBHA: INSIGHTS FROM TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINE

Abstract

Introduction: Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine, elucidates the process of fetal development, emphasis-ing the union of sperm, ovum, and soul to form the fetus. Despite this intricate process, the potential for fetal defects, termed Garbha Vikruti, exists due to factors such as vitiation in sperm or ovum. Ayurveda attributes these defects to the mother's pre-conception and gestational diet, lifestyle, teratologic agents, and Dosha vitia-tion, impacting organogenesis and leading to diverse forms of Garbha Vikruti. The severity and timing of Dosha vitiation during pregnancy are critical in determining the extent of abnormalities, influencing fetal health and longevity. Objectives: This study explores the concepts of Garbh Vikruti and teratogenicity in Ayurveda. The research delves into the correlation between Ayurveda's Avayava Utpatti and Modern Organogenesis, examining sources including classical Ayurveda texts, journal articles, textbooks on embryology, and evidence-based re-search articles. Materials and Methods: The study synthesises information from classical Ayurveda texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Kashyapa Samhita), Ayurveda journal articles, embryology/anatomy text-books, and research articles from reputable databases. The correlation between Ayurvedic and modern concepts is analysed to understand the factors causing fetal defects. Results: The article explores Ayurvedic concepts such as Beeja (gametes), Beejabhaga (chromosomes), Beejabhagavayava (genes), Aatmakarma (spiritual influ-ences), Aashaya (uterine abnormalities), Kaala Dosha (temporal influences), and Matuaaharvihara (diet and lifestyle) as factors contributing to Garbha Vikruti. The study discusses the role of vitiated Beeja, chromosomal anomalies, genetic diseases, spiritual influences, uterine abnormalities, temporal factors, maternal diet and life-style in causing teratological malformations. Conclusion: Fetal defects are categorized into genetic (Beeja Dosha) and metabolic (Garbha Vighatakara Bha-va) factors. Genetic defects include conditions like cleft lip and congenital heart defects, while metabolic defects encompass neural tube defects. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to understanding and managing these factors, ensuring optimal fetal health and preventing future diseases. Prenatal advisors are urged to discourage the consumption of certain harmful foods, contributing to a comprehensive strategy for fetal well-being and future health.