Classical Canon Research Articles

Transaction Analysis of Business-Ecosystems

Business-ecosystem is a rather new organizational form of interaction on market between customer and producer, which is used widely today by business-organizations of different organization and legal forms and types of economic activity. The article provides the analysis of business-ecosystems in view of the theory of transaction costs. The terms ‘ecosystem' was initially proposed to describe the environment of mutual existence of different biological beings. Later it was used for depicting the environment of business-organization. In this environment various antipodes exist and interact. At first sight they should avoid collaboration with each other, but in fact mutual coexistence intensifies every participant and fosters their development, therefore, they shall find forms and means of co-existence. In spite of the fact that business-ecosystem is a rather new trend in research in the field of economy and management, certain approaches to research and classification of the phenomenon have been created. The author in view of neo-institutional theory proves that business-ecosystem meets all classical canons, therefore it functions as a classical business-organization with similar goals and relevant tools.

Nethercott , Frances Writing History in Late Imperial Russia: Scholarship and the Literary Canon (review)

REVIEWS 771 Nethercott, Frances. Writing History in Late Imperial Russia: Scholarship and the Literary Canon. Library of Modern Russia. Bloomsbury Academic, London and New York, 2020. x + 280 pp. Notes. Select bibliography. Index. £90.00; £28.99: £26.09 (e-book). No-one doubts that nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Russian novelists and poets cast light on Russian history, but Frances Nethercott argues that nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Russian historians reflect or embody trends in Russian literature. This is hardly surprising, for many of the historians who figure in the book received their training in what were once called ‘Historico-Philological Faculties’ (i.e. parts of universities in which both history and literature were studied), and until quite late in the nineteenth century historical writing in most European countries, not just in Russia, was thought to be a subdivision of belles-lettres rather than the less entertaining discipline it often is today. It was a rare historian in nineteenth-century Europe who did not derive a degree of inspiration from the historical novels of Walter Scott. Nethercott knows these things, and by way of contextualizing her Russian historians speaks of the literary dimension of the work of Jules Michelet, Augustin Thierry and Hippolyte Taine. She might have added Lord Macaulay, who was certainly style-driven and no less famous for his Lays of Ancient Rome than for his History of England. Nevertheless, the thesis of the book reminds readers of a truth they may have forgotten, and may also do something to broaden the modern understanding of what should be included in the classical Russian literary canon. Today, pre-1917 Russian historians are usually assigned to political, ideological, chronological, typological, or geographical (rather than literary) categories; they tend to be divided into statists and populists, idealists and postivists,modernistsandmedievalists,synthesizersanddocument-collectors, Russianists and Europeanists, or historians of the ‘Moscow School’ or the ‘St Petersburg School’ (rather than, say, writers of epics or lyrics). Nethercott cuts across such polarities by thinking of her historians as writers first and truthseekers second. Her chapters are thematic rather than chronological (let alone biographical). After discussing, in chapter one, the part that the state thought it should play in the management of historical instruction and publication in Russia (was it to be a hands-off patron or an interventionist overseer?), in chapter two she sketches the literary sensibilities of some of the historians whose work best enables her to make her case (especially Timofei Granovskii, Vasilii Kliuchevskii and Ivan Grevs, who are perhaps the scholars who appear most frequently in the book as a whole). The later chapters deal with Russian historians’ style; their interest in providing portraits of historical figures; the extent to which and the reasons why they made use of literary evidence; their SEER, 99, 4, OCTOBER 2021 772 depiction of place; and their work on poets and novelists (Grevs, for example, on Turgenev). In the final chapter the author returns to her over-arching question: whether we should be thinking of tsarist historiography not as art or science but, at the very least, as a literary-investigative hybrid. The book makes no attempt to embrace the work of all the historians at work in nineteenth- or early twentieth-century Russia. Indeed, Nethercott’s approach limits the number of historians on whom she can focus, for not all the historians at work in her period are grist to her mill. Different readers will have different views about who should have been included and who omitted. The present reviewer particularly welcomed the appearances in the book of Nikolai Kostomarov and did not regret the near-total absence of Nikolai Ustrialov and Sergei Solov´ev, but he was disappointed that Nikolai Polevoi did not attract much attention and that neither Ivan Beliaev nor Vasilii Semevskii rated a mention. But the book is not trying to supplant George Vernadsky’s Russian Historiography: A History (Belmont, MA, 1978), let alone the monstrous volumes of the collective Soviet Ocherki istorii istoricheskoi nauki v SSSR (5 volumes + 2 volumes of bibliography, Moscow, 1955–85). Dr Nethercott is putting forward a thesis. At times, she protests too much, for the endnotes take up more than a quarter of...

SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE AREA OF COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The problem of international cooperation for sustainable development in the areas of environmental protection, economics, energy and public goods is a well-known scope of research, which can be classified as a classic canon of analysis in this domain. There is an explicit lack of research in the area of security, particularly in those aspects relating to objectives 8 and 16 of Agenda 2030, referring to combating the crime of human trade. The aim of the publication is to analyse the dynamics of international cooperation for the implementation of sustainable principles in the fight against human trafficking, undertaken in the context of the diagnosis of its effects for the implementation of sustainable principles with the use of resources (created and implemented standards), cooperation structures (global international organisations and their Member States) forming a system of international cooperation, the directions of which are determined by security needs. The article shows the evolution of international law in this area, the cooperation of selected international structures and its effects, as well as the dynamics of change resulting from statistics indicating the directions of implementation of objectives 8 and 16 of the sustainable development of the Agenda 2030. To achieve the objective, the assumptions of institutional theory were applied. The analysis was made using historical, comparative methods and analysis of source documents. The analysis presented in the article allows us to conclude that after the adoption of the Agenda 2030, the dynamics of international cooperation in the analysed area has increased, which is reflected in the new impetus given to the implementation of provisions enshrined in international law and required actions undertaken by member states - signatories of the act. Combating the crime of trafficking in human beings takes place within the framework of a diagnosable multifaceted institutional formula expressed in a detailed division of tasks and competences, allowing for coordination at the global level of preventive and operational actions to combat this practice. Global international cooperation for sustainable development in the area of combating trafficking in human beings in the 21st century is implemented in a systemic way and brings results which provide better and better prospects for effective combating of this crime, thus meeting the assumptions and objectives 8 (p. 8.7) and 16 (p. 16.2) of the Agenda 2030.

INCORRECT REPOSITIONING OF ENTRAPPED INGUINAL HERNIA

The case presents entrapped inguinal hernia and its incorrect repositioning with resulted strangulation of small intestine. The purpose of the work. Prevention of such cases in surgery and observance of strict rules of classical canons in the surgical environment, which remain relevant today. Patient M., 45 years old, was urgently hospitalized with complaints of intense, intractable, painful protrusion in the hernia in the right groin. From the anamnesis – suff ers from right inguinal hernia for 3 years. The day before, during exercise, an intractable, painful protrusion appeared at the site of the hernia, which began to increase. When examining the abdomen in the projection of the outer ring of the right inguinal canal there is a hernial protrusion, which does not disappear and does not change in size when changing body position. The protrusion is tense, dense, painful, the symptom of «coughing» in the area of protrusion is not transmitted, and coughing increases the pain. No free air and Kloiber’s bowls were found in the abdomen. According to laboratory and instrumental examination and objective signs, the diapatient was diagnosed with strangulated right inguinal hernia. During the examination of the patient, the hernial protrusion was exercised, so the patient was dynamically monitored. The next day the patient left the surgical department due to family circumstances. After 3 days, the patient again went to the surgical department with complaints of thirst and abdominal pain, vomiting with small intestine content and no discharge of gases and no bowel movements for 5 days. On examination, the patient’s condition is moderate. Taking into account the anamnesis, clinical evolution of the disease, laboratory and instrumental examination data and objective signs, it was concluded that the patient has acute surgical pathology. Diagnosed with: Acute small intestinal obstruction. The clinical case shows a misalignment of a strangulated inguinal hernia. After self-repositioning of the hernia, patients should be hospitalized to the surgical department for an elective surgery.

Neo-Latin poetry of Ukraine: literary and stylistic syncretism

The article considers the literary and stylistic peculiarities of Neo-Latin poetry in seventeenth to eighteenth-century Ukraine. Latin poetry of that time is marked by variability and diversity of genres, for it logically continued the classical traditions and at the same time was influenced by the aesthetics and poetics of the Baroque due to the interlingual contacts. The Latin language was supposed to be the main criterion of the high style in a poetry. As for the genre peculiarities, Neo-Latin poetry tended to panegyrics as the literature "fashion" of that epoch, when the poets expressed their gratitude and admiration to the philanthropists, whereas the elegic poems were the part of poetic courses to illustrate the genre. It explains the freedom and fantazy which are present in panegyric poetry and classical canon which served for writing elegies. The period of the seventeenth to the eighteenth century was an absolutely disparate one in both the political and social life of Ukraine. Rapid development of events, dramatically changing realia and values shaped very special attitudes to life with the contemporaries, in particular with Kyiv intellectual poets who wrote a significant number of works in Latin. Analysis of these works enables to characterize the development of the Latin language in Ukraine and consider Neo-Latin poetry of Ukraine as a part of the Western European literary and language unity.

The Slaves of the Churches

This ambitious book discusses the attitudes that “the Churches” (almost always identified with the pre-reform Catholic Church) had vis à vis slaves and slavery from the New Testament era to early modern times. In the introduction, Sommar warns that the lack of records about the social practices of slavery forces her study to focus on church norms regarding its unfree dependents. Her statement, however, is only partially true: Dozens of studies, particularly of the medieval period, investigated the social and legal practices of ecclesiastical unfree people in many parts of Europe, Italy, Russia, Eastern Europe, France, and Germany. Unfortunately, this volume ignores these sources almost entirely, making use almost exclusively of an English-written historiography with a few exceptions in German. This approach is regrettable for a study concerning European continental areas about which copious discussions and valuable source materials are available.Chapter 2 discusses the way in which the New Testament presents slavery and relates it to ancient Roman and Jewish law. Unsurprisingly, it concludes that the New Testament did not condemn slavery per se. Chapter 3 treats slavery in the early Church, presenting first “non-biblical texts” before moving to post-apostolic generations and finally proto-canon law regarding slavery. Sommar’s main conclusion is that Christians did not treat their slaves better than the Romans did. Chapter 4, which examines slavery in the imperial Church, provides examples drawn from imperial legislation in general as well as from such areas as Gaul, Spain, Africa, and Italy. According to Sommar, texts in all these areas reaffirmed the biblical command for slaves to obey their masters and for masters to treat their slaves decently. Chapter 5 explores ecclesiastical slavery in the Germanic kingdoms (strangely including Byzantium). Unlike previous chapters, this one raises analytical questions primarily about differences between Visigothic/„Frankish societies and Lombard traditions in their rules about slavery. Sommar wonders whether these differences were “simply cultural manifestations or the accident of geography.” She concludes that “it is hard to say.” Chapter 6 investigates “Carolingians and Ecclesiastic Servitude,” a title that is problematical because it presupposes a discussion about forms of servitude other than slavery in the book. Sommar concludes that the sources do not reveal any legal or practical distinctions. Chapter 7 argues that classical canon law (a widely investigated topic) followed the general social evolution of unfree people: By the thirteenth century, differences between free and unfree laborers had become irrelevant because peasants were increasingly bound to the land and because chattel slavery continued all across the Mediterranean. In this context, unfree ecclesiastical dependents were treated no differently than were their counterparts who had lay masters. Sommar’s final point, that a new kind of legal thinking—known as the ius commune—eventually spread throughout Europe, marking the end of slavery, as well as the Church’s hold on unfree people, is also problematical. Ecclesiastical serfs, bonded people, and even slaves appear in historical documents as late as the nineteenth century in Italy and in Central and Eastern Europe.This book will be valuable to those who are curious about how individual churches in Europe regulated slavery and serfdom. However, it will not answer questions about the social practice and meaning of bondage in the Church as a whole.

Resilience capacity of contemporary Russian Arctic cities: Methodological approaches and quantitative assessments

AbstractThe research question of the paper is how to utilize ecosystem studies to refresh our research of the contemporary Russian Arctic cities, to deepen our understanding of the difference between resilient and sustainable cities, and to create a methodological approach to measure the resilience capacity of the Arctic cities. The paper describes three main stages‐directions of the latest study of the Arctic cities: (i) Arctic urbanization as a global phenomenon; (ii) emphasis on the internal structure of the Arctic city; and (iii) analysis and assessment of the viability and sustainability of Arctic cities. The most important lesson of Soviet studies of the Arctic is the need for a holistic view of the ecosystems of the polar regions, overcoming the temptation to reduce to only one, even a powerful, factor, for example, climate change. Following this methodology, the authors propose a comprehensive approach to assessing the viability of a sample of the 29 largest Arctic cities in Russia, including three blocks of nine indicators covering the external location of the city, internal spatial structure, and structural flexibility of the urban system. As the result of aggregation of three blocks of indicators, an integral index of the viability (resilience capacity) of the Arctic cities to external natural and social crises has been proposed. According to the value of this integral index of vitality, modern Russian Arctic cities are colossally different in the strength of their external position, in the degree of diversity of their spatial and economic structure, in the degree of flexibility of the urban system. Old‐developed cities of the European North like Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk and Onega have the best positions. They are followed by the large Soviet port and industrial centre of Murmansk and most of the single‐industry cities in the Murmansk Oblast, and then by the monoprofile cities of Yamal‐Nenets autonomous okrug and the capital of Nenets autonomous okrug Naryan‐Mar. The list is by large, by Arctic standards, single‐industry cities of the Asian Arctic—Norilsk, Nadym, Dudinka and the administrative centre of the Chukotka autonomous okrug Anadyr, which all have the worst positions in terms of resilience capacity. The paradox of our approach to assessing the viability of Russia's Arctic cities is that the further an Arctic city is from the classical canons of a Soviet industrial city, the more resilient it is.

Doplňujúca prísaha v stredovekom kánonickom práve

The institution of the oath was applied in a historical form as well as at present in several contemporary legal systems creatively developed by canonists while practically applying the so-called Roman-Canonical procedure. From the chronological point of view, the most important was the period of High Middle Ages when it was elaborated in small details and when its types were standardized. The most frequently used were the so-called "supplementary oath" applied principally when the ecclesiastical court had at its disposition partial evidence or the presumption in favour of the party with the burden of evidence existed and it was impossible to meet the requested standard of full canonical proof. The main goal of this article is to point out the character of this type of oath in classical canon law including its practical application, not omitting its conceptual, especially Roman-law bases.

Recht und Gerechtigkeit in Werken Ferdinand von Schirachs am Beispiel seines Dramas Terror

The question of law and justice is always at the center of the literary works of the jurist Ferdinand von Schirach. Moreover, this problem has a long tradition within the classical canon. Many poet-lawyers, such as Kleist, Goethe, Kafka, and Durrenmatt, placed the focus of their works on this question.The relationship between law and literature seems to be of interest to Ferdinand von Schirach because he addressed law and justice both indirectly and directly in the focus of his works.This study examines the theme of law and justice in the works of the bestselling German author Ferdinand von Schirach and presents the play Terror (2015) as an example. I have chosen to do so because the subject matter of this play is highly relevant for our time. Moreover, it is considered a courtroom drama that belongs to documentary theater.This study is divided into three parts: introduction, main part and conclusion. The main part is divided into

Dedicating Music, 1785–1850, by Emily H. Green

Book Review| April 01 2021 Dedicating Music, 1785–1850, by Emily H. Green Dedicating Music, 1785–1850, by Emily H. Green. Eastman Studies in Music. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2019. xii, 247 pp. Frederick Reece Frederick Reece FREDERICK REECE is Lecturer in Music History at the University of Washington. His research addresses issues of authorship and authenticity with a particular focus on the music of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He is a recent recipient of the American Musicological Society’s Paul A. Pisk Prize and Alvin H. Johnson AMS 50 Fellowship, and is completing a book entitled Forgery in Musical Composition: Aesthetics, History, and the Classical Canon (under contract with Oxford University Press). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Musicological Society (2021) 74 (1): 166–170. https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2021.74.1.166 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Frederick Reece; Dedicating Music, 1785–1850, by Emily H. Green. Journal of the American Musicological Society 1 April 2021; 74 (1): 166–170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2021.74.1.166 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search At a casual glance, the period 1785–1850 might seem a surprising venue for a book-length study of musical dedication. In bird’s-eye historical surveys, the dedication generally appears as a form of print culture characteristic of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century economies of liturgical and aristocratic patronage, not the burgeoning commodity market associated with the decades following the American and French Revolutions. As Emily H. Green suggests in her ambitious study, Dedicating Music, 1785–1850, the form’s apparent anachronism in this period may have been precisely the point. Dedication, she argues, served its latter-day practitioners as a means by which to “perpetuate the rhetoric and relationships of courtly patronage against Romanticism and capitalism” (p. 4). In the decades around 1800, the dedicatory act can thus “be broadly described as having a nostalgic flavor” (p. 33) that would not truly fall out of favor until the 1850s. So, why did the commercial print culture... You do not currently have access to this content.

Neo-Quintilian paradigm of modern youth media

The subject of this research is the transformation of classical ancient rhetoric in modern media, namely of such a mandatory part of the classical presentation of speech according to Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, as rebuttal to an opponent's argument. The article employs posts of the authors of various blogs on the entertainment portals and their interaction with users’ commentaries. Response to an objection was an important element of the canon of presentation of speech in antiquity: by doing so, the speaker demonstrated a confident command of the topic, and at the same time, that the topic is objectionable and requires argumentation. The reduction of competitive eloquence turned this part of the canon into a ritual weakened its ties with the actual speech practice. In modernity, we can observe the return of rebuttal to an opponent's arguments as an independent genre – the author in his publications counts on rebuttal and prepares in advance. The novelty of this research consists in the fact that the Neo-Quintilian paradigm of modern youth media is analyzed for the first time. The main conclusions lies in revelation of transformation and deformation of the classical canon: being the so-called cultural constant, the classical canon of ancient rhetoric is conveyed to modern users through interaction with accepted patterns. The modern young audience perceives the canon indirectly, through approved or criticized examples of eloquence, eliciting rfagments thereof – thus, the semantic connection of argument and rebuttal is one of the versions of the deformed, but recognizable canon.

THE CONCERT AND PEDAGOGICAL REPERTORY OF KHARKIV BUTTON ACCORDION SCHOOL IN TERMS OF THE GENRE AND STYLE DYNAMIC

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the historical stages of the modern button accordion repertoire formation based on the genre and stylistic analysis of the repertoire models used in the process of teaching the students in the Kharkiv button accordion school. The actualization of the current research topic has set up a need for relying to a greater extent not on the printed sources, but on the reports of the witnesses, the first button accordion students of Kharkiv Conservatory, such as University professors Alexander Ivanovich Nazarenko, Anatoly Pavlovich Haydenko, Igor Ivanovich Kharkiv, as well as college professors Yevhen Leonidovych Vashchenko and Yevhen Heorhiyovych Malykhin, who were the first-hand participants in the process of the regional school formation. Theoretical background. Although the historiography of the Ukrainian button accordion art contains a fairly large amount of scientific and methodological studies (M. Imkhanitsky, V. Semeshko, A. Stashevsky, I. Snedkov, A. Svetov), many problems of the modern academic folk instrumental music remain unresolved. In particular, the concert repertoire formation in terms of a pragmatic dimension of the button accordion teachers approaches study within the Kharkiv school has not been the subject of a special interest of researchers in this area yet. The purpose of the research is to trace the stages of formation of the button accordionists’ modern concert and pedagogical repertoire on the basis of the genre and stylistic models’ analysis used in the process of teaching in the Kharkiv regional button accordion school. The object of the article is historical experience of the Kharkiv button accordion school as a component of academic folk and instrumental performance. Methods of research are conditioned by the material and formulation of the problem itself, in particular, a historical method is used to explain the organic connection of the facts, preconditions and personalities that brings together the historical experience of the Kharkiv button accordion school, a genre and stylistic method provides the embodiment of the performers original creative achievements. Results and Discussion. There are three main factors which have influenced the formation of the concert and pedagogical repertoire of the button accordion students of the Ukrainian Folk Instruments Department in KhNUA: ● the performing school and its genesis represented by particular teachers with their own repertoire preferences; ● improving the design of the instrument itself; ● the volume and quality of the original repertoire, as well as the productivity level and number of the composers working to develop it. Considering the general condition of the Kharkiv regional button accordion school of the 1950s, we can point out the prospects of the core guidelines underlying its basis: the formation of a list of clearly regulated and systematized program requirements; the impossibility of the requirements for the performance of genre forms (the absence of full-fledged imitation polyphony in the pedagogical repertoire) in full compliance with the “classical canons”; the predominance of small forms over large ones, as well as their obvious genre affiliation (songs, dances, marches); a significant shortage of the original works inciting the adaptation skills formation. Since the late 1960s the original pedagogical repertoire has been characterized by a great variety of genre and stylistic forms, such as a concert, a sonata, a suite, a partita, a fantasy, small cycles, a scherzo, a prelude, a concertino, a play, an arrangement of folk songs, arrangements of popular works, a concert etude. The representatives of five generations provide an inheritance of the traditions that represent the Kharkiv button accordion school creative experience and simultaneously transform it in accordance with the modern challenges. Conclusions. The conclusions emphasize the fact that the historically settled genre models of the performing and pedagogical repertoire of accordionists were established in the process of the Kharkiv button accordion school activity. The diversity of the original music for a button accordion is now represented by almost all existing genres and stylistic performance directions. It was the high culture of the Kharkiv musicians’ performance that brought the status of the academic art of playing folk instruments into a scientific level, as a new standard of sound and creative thinking.

Детский грунтовый могильник андроновской (федоровской) культуры в Барабинской лесостепи

Purpose. The materials from the Preobrazhenka-3 children’s burial ground of Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture of the Bronze Age, located in the Baraba forest-steppe, are introduced into scientific circulation. Results. During the research process, results of the planigraphic analysis of the site were obtained. The necropolis is quite clearly localized. Subsequently, already in the Late Bronze Age (Irmen culture), earthen structures (mounds) were constructed on its surface. In turn, the bearers of Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture built their necropolis on the territory of a previously existing and no longer visible settlement of Krotovo culture. The study of the burial complexes revealed groups of burials containing complete and incomplete skeletons of children. There are also graves with only a vessel without either a corpse or other equipment. Analysis of ceramic vessels from burials made it possible to divide them into two groups. The first group consists of elegant vessels made with the classical canon. The ornament is represented by complex compositions containing rows of oblique shaded triangles, meanders, cannelures. The second group of vessels was made extremely carelessly. The ornament is applied unevenly, frequently with traces of smudged parts. It has been suggested that some of the ceramic vessels placed in the graves were made by children. Conclusion. The Preobrazhenka-3 burial ground provides researchers with all types of children’s burial practices and serves as a kind of model for its implementation by the bearers of Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture.

ПОЛОНІСТИЧНІ СТУДІЇ ВОЛОДИМИРА ЄРШОВА (до 65-річчя з дня народження)

The article is dedicated to the 65th anniversary of Volodymyr Olehovych Yershov, a famous philologist, literary historian, Polonist, local historian, doctor of philology and professor of Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko. The professor’s activity is marked on many levels and directions - Vladimir Ershov has numerous achievements in the field of science (he was recognized as the best scientist of Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University), education of culture and public activity. The range of scientific interests of professor Yershov is surprisingly wide, but a special place among his research interests is occupied by Polish memoirs of the Romantic era (in particular, the works of Korostyshiv artist Gustav Olizar). The professor marked a separate epoch in the history of Volyn Polish studies with his activity – this period is characterized by interdisciplinarity, high academic knowledge, scientific pedantry, attention to facts, spirituality of scientific research. Yershov’s philological school is characterized by accuracy in systematization of data and events, fidelity to the historical context, general cultural structure, historical, theoretical and empirical understanding of the culture of the Ukrainian Right Bank. An important goal of the scholar is to highlight in the domestic literary process the high canon of Polish-language Ukrainian classics in Volyn, Kyiv and Podillya.

To Check the Validity of Neoclassical Canon in Western Maharashtra- An Anthropometric Study

Introduction: In ancient days, it was believed that attractive and harmonious faces were having certain fixed proportions known as neoclassical canons. These canons were used extensively by Leonardo Da Vinci, Durer in their art during renaissance. They served as guidelines for artists as well as for aesthetic surgeons for centuries and proved to be helpful till now. From ancient days to modern era, the exact formula of beauty is not yet calculated. The norms of beauty changes from country to country and race to race. A face is beautiful and shows harmonious features if the individual components are proportional, this is what is referred as facial balance. In ancient Greece, they calculated the formula for creation of art and these formulae are called as neoclassical canons. The classical Greek canons of facial balance are still foundation of modern reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. Aim: To check the validity of neoclassical canon in Western Maharashtrian population. Materials and Methods: This was an observational type of study carried out from March 2018 to January 2020. The validity of Naso-oral canon was checked in Western Maharashtrian population. According to this canon ideal mouth width (ch-ch) (mouth width (distance between right and left corners of mouth called chelion)) is 1.5 times of Nose width/alar width (al-al) (alar width (distance between right and left ala of nose)). Mouth width=1.5 times of Nose width. However, the mouth width can be less than 1.5 times of nose width or mouth width can be greater than 1.5 times of nose width. This study was carried out in the five cities Sangli, Kolhapur, Islampur, Karad and Satara of Western Maharashtra, India. Total 1500 male and female students, 300 from each city, between the age group of 18-20 years were selected. Measurements were taken with the help of digital Vernier caliper. The methodology adopted for the measurements was taken from the guidelines given by Farkas LG in his book- “Anthropometric facial proportions in Medicine”. Results: In present study, total 68.33% subjects including males and females were having mouth width (ch-ch) lesser than one and half times of nose width/alar width (al-al) i.e., ch-ch <1.5 (al-al). Remaining 31.67% subjects were having mouth width greater than one and half times of nose width/alar width i.e., ch-ch >1.5 (al-al). Conclusion: Naso-oral neoclassical canon was not found valid in Western Maharashtrian young adults. In 78.32% male and 62.80% female population of Western Maharashtra, mouth width was found lesser than one and half times of nose width.

Жанрові особливості та творчий потенціал сучасної української літератури (на прикладі українського цифрового самвидаву)

The article is devoted to the study of genre features and creative potential of modern Ukrainian literature, which has the form of digital self-publishing. The study used hermeneutic, comparative, system-structural and structural-functional methods, as well as conceptual, plot-image, problem-thematic analysis, text-analytical method of "careful reading" to read the archetypal and code content of texts and others. Currently, there are more than 10 literary digital self-published resources inUkraine. However, the prose resources "Booknet" and "Arkush" have the real influence on the literary process. Both allow authors to communicate with readers through digital self-publishing. Five factors influence the work of modern Ukrainian authors: 1) the influence of classical Ukrainian and world canons; 2) the influence of postmodernism both in the literature and at the social and ideological levels; 3) the influence of mass literature of the Russian Federation; 4) the influence of translations and modern European literature; 5) the influence of the Internet and communication with the reader. In the context of digital self-publishing, each of these factors has its own specifics. The influence of cinema on mass literature is especially powerful. This can be manifested as a replication of the template (simplification), and in the form of systemic plot and psychological complication of textual structures. Today, digital self-publishing is represented by a whole range of genres: fiction (science fiction, fantasy, mystical prose, etc.), realism (historical, romantic, social, psychological novel, detective, thriller, etc.), and literature for children and youth. In each genre we see original novels that are not inferior in quality to those published through publishing houses. The latter makes it possible to talk about the emergence of writers inUkrainewho can be "indie authors". That corresponds to the global changes in book publishing.

Жизнестойкость арктических городов России: методологические подходы и количественные оценки

Research question of the paper is how to utilize ecosystem studies to refresh our research of the contemporary Russian Arctic cities, to deepen our understanding of the difference between resilient and sustainable city, and to create metho-dological approach to measure resilience capacity of the Arctic cities. The paper describes three main directions of the latest study of the Arctic cities of the world and Russia: 1) Arctic urbanization as a global phenomenon; 2) emphasis on the internal and economic structure of the Arctic city; 3) analysis and assessment of the resilience and sustainability of Arctic cities. The most important lesson of Soviet research of the Arctic is the need for a holistic view of the ecosystems of the polar regions, overcoming the temptation to reduce to a single, even a powerful factor, for example, climate change. Following this methodology, the authors propose a comprehensive approach to assessing the resilience of a sample of the 29 largest Arctic cities in Russia, including three blocks of nine indicators covering the external location of the city, the internal spatial structure, and the structural flexibility of the urban system. Based on the aggregation of three blocks of indicators, an integral index of the resilience of the Arctic city to external natural and social crises has been formed. The highest values are in large cities that are part of the main agglomerations of the European North – Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Onega, Murmansk, Novodvinsk and Apatity. The single-industry cities of Norilsk and Nadym have the minimum values. The distribution of arctic cities according to the value of the integral index of resi-lience confirms their enormous differences in the favorability of the external position, the degree of diversity of the in-ternal spatial and economic structure, the degree of plasticity and flexibility of the urban system. The paradox of our approach in assessing the resilience of the Russian Arctic cities is that the further the Arctic city is from the classical canons of the Soviet industrial city, the more potentially resilient it is.

Following the Thread

177 BOOKS IN REVIEW with the genre (except for the brief mention of Blade Runner [1982] as the UTT discusses their architecture projects). With all the hats I wear as an interdisciplinary scholar, contract instructor, and consumer of films, media, and culture, Utopia and Reality best appealed to my interests in documentary cinema and activism, so scholars in those fields should take note. Chapters from this volume, such as the exceptional contributions by Spiegel and Gaines, could also supplement teaching in visual culture, media studies, journalism, and politics courses.—Troy Michael Bordun, University of Northern British Columbia/Trent University Following the Thread. Robert H. Waugh. The Tragic Thread in Science Fiction. New York: Hippocampus, 2019. 236 pp. $20 pbk. In a fashion that is of a piece with its subject matter, Robert H. Waugh’s sprawling work, The Tragic Thread in Science Fiction, is driven and defined by the sense of wonder, curiosity, and vastness that has defined the genre itself. In this series of loosely connected and variously sized chapters, Waugh leans on his distinctive voice to drive the project, examining authors as diverse as Olaf Stapleton, William Gibson, and James Tiptree Jr. This style, more than the titular thread of tragedy, unites the book’s chapters, bringing an interrogatory eye to the etymological, the mythological, and the genealogical. Waugh’s love of language shows both in his lush writing and in the subject of his argumentation. These essays continuously zero in on the Latin roots of names, tracing them back to the classical canon, and plumbing the implications of these various connections. This analytical style is made more impressive as it is supported by Waugh’s own translations of German and Latin texts. These threads are primarily tied together with Waugh’s associative structure, relying on the organic flow between ideas to drive the work forward. The effect, at times, is that of being at a dinner party whose host seems to have read and thought carefully about every book under the sun. David Lindsay’s “A Voyage to Arcturus” (1920) receives the most attention, opening the book in a trilogy of essays examining its influence, influences, and language. Fritz Lieber also receives three essays but shares one of these with James Tiptree Jr. Olaf Stapleton and Arthur C. Clarke each receive two essays dealing with both their most famous and lesser known works. The collection is rounded out by one-off essays on Mervyn Peake, William Gibson, and H.P. Lovecraft. Often the precise thread of tragedy which the title promises is lost in the freewheeling tumble through diverse authors and, one could argue, genres, but the dinner party offers sumptuous food for thought, nonetheless, if particularly to those already considerably familiar with the subjects beforehand. I said that the book’s composition reflects its subject and in no way is this truer than the feeling of academic time-travel. The book embodies the classical tradition of literary criticism, tracing cultural lineage from canonical texts, asking the big questions of philosophy and psychology, and looking for grounding aesthetic and artistic principles. The examination of sf through such 178 SCIENCE FICTION STUDIES, VOLUME 48 (2021) a critical lens is particularly novel since the genre only really began to share the academic stage in the last decades of the twentieth century. And it is this gap that I believe Waugh’s book most substantially fills, establishing an anachronistic meeting of sf with the critical discourses that dominated just before the genre’s wider acceptance. This convergence produces a number of pairings which will delight readers whose own eclectic reading matches Waugh’s: David Lindsay with Goethe’s drama, Olaf Stapleton with Petrarch’s poetry, Arthur C. Clarke with Matthew Arnold’s lyrics. Like fusion cuisine, it is often the most surprising of these combinations that provide the keenest insights and most compelling material. It is a rare pleasure to spend time thinking through T.S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land” (1922) alongside Mervyn Peake’s GORMENGHAST novels (1946-1960). The chapter on Gibson is particularly satisfying in this way. Beginning with a quote from Wittgenstein and including extended references to the Christian Bible, Waugh makes surprising and evocative claims...

The Value of Studying the Classical Canons of the Human Figure in Academic Drawing

The Value of Studying the Classical Canons of the Human Figure in Academic Drawing

In the Trace of Gerardo Mello Mourão: The Inter-Gender Hybridism and the Formation of Epiliric Poetry in Contemporary Brazilian Literature

In its configurative and representational basis, contemporary literature has established a warm dialogue with the classic and modern canons for the formation of literary genres that distance themselves from the poetics in force in order to establish their own aesthetics since the contemporary is in maintaining this gaze fixed on the present by returning to the past to deny or affirm it as the tradition of the new or the new of tradition (PAZ, 2000). The present study is justified in raising the reflection on the form of the epic and the lyric based on the transformations that occurred over the centuries to found an epic-lyric poetry as a renewing style of contemporary Brazilian poetry, the object of this research, which is based on the works Invention of the sea and Os peãs, by Gerardo Mello Mourão. The objective is to demonstrate the resistance of the epic in the current world by the hybrid composition that is established in the act of its production by the exteriority of the real along with the narrator's subjectivity. The problem of intergeneric hybridism is developed through bibliographic and qualitative research with intermediation of the deductive method and through the aesthetic-philosophical bias to demonstrate that it becomes the guiding element of this avant-garde style capable of establishing historical events through the temporality built by the world text. This whole discussion is centered on Aristotle (1992) and Boileau (1990), going through Hegel (1997), Lukacs (2000) and Bakhtin (2010) until arriving at Staiger (1997), Lima (2002), Greenfield (2006) and Kristeva (1995), showing that the epic-lyric poem is supported by the pluridiscursive dialogism maintained between the nature of the stylization of the lyric and epos as a style and not as a novelized process.