Civil Service System Research Articles

Management anomalies in the civil service system

Management anomalies in the civil service system

КОРРУПЦИя В СИСТЕМЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ В ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ОЦЕНКАХ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ)

The subject matter of the article is the study of public attitudes in Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass in relation to the problem of corruption which manifests itself in various areas of social relations, in particular, in the system of the state civil service. The aim of the study is to consider the current views on the problem of corruption and countering it in public assessments of the population of Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass. To solve this task statistical and monitoring data from federal research centres have been used, as well as the results of a regional sociological survey conducted by the authors in the municipal divisions of Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass. The methodological basis of the research has been formed by the systemic and neoinstitutional approaches along with the sociological survey. The article presents statistical data of federal sociological institutions (All-Russian Centre for the Study of Public Opinion, Public Opinion Foundation) for the past few years in assessing the problem of corruption by the population. In addition, Transparency International’s 2020 data on the level of perceptions of corruption in the Russian Federation are presented, which make it possible to draw attention to the problems in combating corruption and propose recommendations for improving the state anti-corruption policy. In designing the research questionnaire for their sociological survey, the authors adhere to the principle of problem-based assessment of the current situation regarding the issue of corruption, which has made it possible to evaluate the subject of the research from different angles and to focus on the most challenging issues. It is noted that the understanding of the term “corruption” in the civil service system is associated with the concept of “bribery”, the appropriation of resources and taking advantage of official position. Among the recommendations proposed, the authors would highlight the necessity to continue activities to strengthen measures of countering corruption, to make the work of officials more transparent, to enhance the information campaign among the population to provide information on the responsibility for illegal actions

Policy Shops, Hired Guns and Gatekeepers: The Allocation of Policy Analysts in Government Agencies

Policy professionals play an important role in political and administrative systems. They provide an important connective tissue between elected politicians and the civil service system. However, the exact configuration of such personnel among and between line and staff agencies is largely unknown. Early works looking at the emergence of professional policy analysts, mainly in the United States, noted the creation of small dedicated ‘policy shops’ in many governments after 1960 where many policy professionals were located. Studies in Canada and elsewhere subsequently confirmed this organizational characteristic but failed to examine in depth question such as how many professionals were employed and where these units were located within existing Departmental structure. In this article we provide a network mapping of policy personnel within the Ontario Public Service (OPS), a provincial government in Canada administering a population approximately 50% larger than Sweden. We find that four major personnel distribution patterns are evident within the OPS. Within single issue departments (such as Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) we only find integrated policy shops of the kind first noted in early studies. However, this is not the only pattern. Rather in multi-issue departments that deal with complex or controversial issues (such as the Environment or Health), we find such shops in each major issue area. And we also find that both of these patterns are absent in central staff agencies such as Finance or Treasury Board where senior policy shops staffed by ‘gatekeeper’ policy professionals exist. Finally, we find a ‘hired guns’ pattern in key emerging issue areas such as climate change or, in the Ontario case, indigenous affairs, which are assigned additional policy capacity in the form of a cadre of policy professionals distributed throughout the organization in order to help deal with problems. These findings suggest the need to re-evaluate the organization and staffing of professional policy analysis in government in order to account for these different patterns of personnel.

Эволюция государственного управления в странах постсоветского пространства. Кыргызская Республика

The article examines the features of the development of Kyrgyz statehood after gaining independence in 1991. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, not only the economic system but also the system of public administration and civil service underwent a complete reform, since it was also required to respond to the changed realities. The formation of the young Kyrgyz state was accompanied by a catastrophic decline in production, inflation, an increase in poverty and crime. However, the actions of the authorities minimized negative trends and provided a clear and transparent legislative basis for changes in the country. The political decisions allowed starting the fight against corruption, carrying out the necessary reforms, and providing Kyrgyzstan with the opportunity to become an example of a small open economy that has taken strategic measures to establish new market institutions. In 2017, for the first time in the modern history of the Central Asian states, a peaceful transfer of presidential power was carried out in the Kyrgyz Republic. The current constitution limits presidential powers to one six-year term.

Граф Миних о «пустоте» в государственном управлении России XVIII века

The article examines the views of Count B.Ch. Minich on the nature and mechanism of state government. The article examines the thoughts of this statesman about the goals and nature of governance, correlates his theoretical views with management practice, analyzes proposals to change the system of public administration and civil service. The author uses historical and textual analysis (semantic, terminological, and discursive) in combination with the method of historical and situational analysis. Particular attention is paid to the concept of “emptiness” in public administration, which is fundamental for the theoretical studies of Count Minich. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that “emptiness” means the absence of a system for making government decisions and their implementation. According to Minich, the main consequence of this problem was the strengthening of the influence of the Empress’s favorites, and as for the country, there was nothing good in this at all. To remedy the situation, Minich suggested implementing “rational bureaucracy”, which was expressed in his proposals to institutionalize the governance system, introduce stable procedures, rely on laws, and not use personal relationships to conduct the country’s affairs. Minich adhered to functional, rational, and bureaucratic (procedural) principles of governing. He believed that the imperfection of the monarchical way of government (“emptiness” in governance) could be corrected through the above-mentioned transformations and relying on those persons who have such qualities as honesty, diligence, etc.

A Study on the Mandatory Retirement Age System of Civil Service.

A Study on the Mandatory Retirement Age System of Civil Service.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ И ПОДГОТОВКИ КАДРОВ В ОРЛОВСКОМ КРАЕ В XVI – XX ВЕКАХ

The purpose of the article is to analyze the evolution of the civil service system on the territory of the Orel Region in the XVI – XX st centuries and the develop-ment of methods of training personnel for it. There are several stages: in the XVI – XVII centuries there was no special system of service people training, the ser-vice class was trained in the process of practical work. In the XVIII – XIX centuries, as the civil service was differentiated into civil, military, diplomatic, court, etc., the systems of general and special education were formed, which provided professionally trained civil servants. The peculiarity of this period is the inclusion of the clergy in the officialdom. The next period covers 1917–1991, and its peculiarity is the actual inclusion of the Communist Party cadres in the state apparatus. During this period, a multi-level system of party, Sovi-et-party educational institutions for managerial person-nel training and retraining is being formed. Finally, the period after 1991 was marked by the emergence of a universal multi-level educational institution for civil servants training and regular retraining – the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration with dozens of regional branches. The creation of the Central Russian Institute of Management – a branch of the RANEPA, completes the development of the regional system of civil servants training in the Orel Region.

Training quality for Vietnamese cadres and civil servants in the context of international integration

In the current context, the training for cadres and civil servants is crucial to the operations of the civil service system. However, it is influenced by many factors, affecting its effectiveness in practice. This article makes mention of factors affecting the quality of training and retraining for cadres and civil servants, such as policy institution, management, inspection, supervision and curriculum, etc., Therefore, identifying factors affecting the training and retraining is to find suitable solutions, making an important contribution to improve the capacity of cadres and public servants as well as the effectiveness of public service.

DETERMINAN KEBERHASILAN REFORMASI SISTEM KEPEGAWAIAN DI CHINA PERIODE 1980-2010

Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk menggambarkan proses reformasi kepegawaian pada suatu negara, dengan menemukan faktor determinan dalam melakukan tranformasi dan pengembangan sistem kepegawaian sebuah negara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ialah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengkombinasikan penelitian kepustakaan dan menelaah data sekunder sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa terdapat empat faktor determinan dalam keberhasilan China mereformasi sistem kepegawaiannya yaitu: faktor politik, hukum, birokrasi, dan ekonomi. Sementara itu pembelajaran baik yang dapat diadopsi dari setiap faktor ialah (1) faktor politik seperti komitmen, konsistensi, dan kapasitas pimpinan (2) faktor hukum seperti; penciptaan aturan main, pengawasan, dan penciptaan stabilitas, (3) faktor birokrasi seperti: profesionalitas, penerapan system merit, dan peningkatan kesejahteraan, dan (4) faktor ekonomi seperti: pemilihan kebijakan yang pragmatis dan pembangunan ekonomi yang mendorong investasi

Some features of service in the police according to the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania

The study deals with the peculiarities of service in the police of the Republic of Lithuania in relation to the general system of civil service, the status of the police and police officials, highlights the regulations governing the police. It is pointed out that in each country the formation of the specifics of the civil service and the police service was influenced by historical features, being in a certain legal family, the form of the state. It is established that in the Republic of Lithuania there is a special category of civil servants, called statutory civil servants, and they are subject to special legislation and statutes governing their selection rules, service process, social guarantees, legal status and powers, system of ranks, rules for calculating wages, conditions and grounds for dismissal, etc., they are not covered by the Law "On Civil Service". The grounds and conditions of dismissal from the police and the conditions under which a person is subject to dismissal from service in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are given. Emphasis is placed on the need to introduce in Ukraine the Lithuanian experience in terms of loyalty and loyalty to the state.

Police service in the civil service system: foreign experience of some democratic states

he study analyzes the experience of advanced democracies, as well as some postSoviet states that have implemented successful reforms and joined the European Union, on models for building a civil service system and the division of civil servants into categories, types and groups. It is noted that the civil service is classified according to various criteria, in accordance with the division by branches of government service is allocated in the legislative, executive, judicial branches, there is a division into civil, specialized and militarized civil service (the latter include police). It is emphasized that the specifics of the civil service system and, accordingly, the place of service in the police were influenced by a number of factors, namely the historical development of the state, the legal system, the form of the state. In accordance with such traditions, there are three groups of models of foreign civil service: organizational models with a division into centralized and decentralized, a model of openness with a division into career, job or open, Anglo-Saxon and continental (from the standpoint of Western civilization). It is also outlined that due to traditions in the world, the terms "civil service", "public service", "civil service" are interpreted differently. Specific examples of division into different categories of civil servants and the place among such division in France, Germany, Hungary are considered. Particular attention is paid to the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania, which regulates civil service and the place of service in the police in the general system. It is noted that police officers are statutory civil servants who are subject to special legislation determining the specifics of service, selection and dismissal, their system of ranks, etc., and who are not covered by the Law "On Civil Service" of the Republic of Lithuania.

Civil Service Reform Is Dead: Long Live Civil Service Reform

The federal civil service system is widely regarded as obsolete. The pay of federal employees bears little relation to the market, narrowly defined jobs hamper the assignment of tasks, and byzantine hiring rules impede the procurement of needed skills. The theory of punctuated equilibrium holds that an episode of rapid and dramatic change portends, that the pressures for change will build and that some exogenous event will trigger a reform event similar to what happened in the mid-2000s subsequent to the 9/11 terrorist incident. Does another episode of punctuated equilibrium impend or is change more likely to occur in an incremental manner? Distinctive features of the policy subsystem make evident the improbability of another episode of “grand reform.” Recent developments further highlight a dynamic element whereby small-scale adjustments are being employed to address some of the system’s most dysfunctional aspects.

Understanding Japan’s Civil Service System: Norms, Meritocracy, and Institutional Change

This article aims to elucidate the tradition of Japan’s public administration emphasizing the civil service system. A number of studies explain the impact of the tradition (norms, values, and institutions), in shaping the process and result of public administration reform. By applying the historical institutionalism perspective, this study reveals how the legacy of the past, the tradition promoted by the Meiji Restoration, creates the new tradition of public administration. This study selects Japan as a typical case representing Asian developmentalists. The remarkable Meiji restoration marked the process of adoption and adjustment of the Germanic traditions in the bureaucracy modernization. Norm institutionalization has established the new norms and civil service system. The basic norms consist of legality, consensus, and seniority. It develops the "kyaria" denoting recruitment, selection, and promotion influenced by seniority, long term performance, and prestigious university recommendation and produces competent and dominant mandarins in the policy process. However, the parliament continuously initiates the reform to reduce the mandarin's domination and heighten political control over the bureaucracy. The reform has not yet changed the power balance of two institutions since the ”kyaria's” embeddedness in Japan's polity produces two consequences. First, it contributes to public administration modernization. The mandarin’s outstanding performance increases political legitimacy and social acceptance to the "kyaria"system. Second, the parliament cannot drastically reduce the mandarin’s role since the lifetime employment model enriches them with knowledge and experience of the government affairs. Conducting cautious reform and, at the same time, working closely with the mandarin are the primary reform strategy of the parliament.

Features of personnel policy and the system of state civil service in the Republic of Uzbekista

The article analyzes the legal foundations of personnel policy and the state civil service in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the features of training, selection and assessment of the competencies of state civil servants. Based on the analysis of modern challenges, proposals are given for further improving the system of state civil service of the Republic of Uzbekistan

From Clan to Clientelism and Beyond. Changing Elitist Social Networks and Discourses in Premodern China

Abstract Ideals about clan (zu 族) have been an essential ingredient in Chinese conceptions of social order since antiquity. It was grounded on a feudal familybased model. However, the change from an ancient feudal to a bureaucratic system implied major changes. In this article I provide a historical overview with a focus on the Northern Song dynasty (960–1126 AD), showing that strong ideas of familialism or clanism were in fact never skipped in pre-modern China but inherited and continuously propagated by Confucianism – including such well-known elements as common ancestor worship. Rather complementing than replacing this family-based model, the later introduction of the civil service system on the political level led to a new clientelism. Furthermore, Confucianism as the hegemonic ideology of imperial China not only extended family-based ideas to a new universalism but also strongly propagated ideas of a common good and impartiality as a corrective to career and family-oriented egoism. In summary, I argue that as a result of a long process of negotiations, Chinese familialism (clanism) as an ideal of basic social structure, the ideal of impartiality and concern for the common good (gong 公) as well as clientelism in the bureaucratic system have coexisted in imperial China for a long time and have produced a particular (path-dependent) blend (and ‘division of labor’) of socio-cultural patterns.

La carrera profesional de los profesionales sanitarios: antecedentes normativos y tendencias de desarrollo

Estudio evolutivo de la carrera profesional en el sistema de función pública español, con especial referencia al marco legal actual. Se centra en el sistema de carrera profesional del personal estatutario de los servicios de salud pública en el Estado español, con mención especial al ámbito de la Comunidad Autónoma gallega tras la Sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Galicia que anula parcialmente el sistema instaurado mediante la Orden de 20 de julio de 2018.
 

Modern administrative law of the Republic of Uzbekistan: new approaches to understanding the essence and structure

This article is devoted to the analysis of a number of problems of modern administrative law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. At the same time, various approaches to solving these problems are investigated in the legislation of foreign countries, the opinions of various scientists on the issues under study are examined. The article provides a legal analysis of the reform of the public administration system, improving the institutional and organizational-legal foundations of the activities of executive bodies; issues of improving the system of public services; the problems of forming an effective system of professional civil service; administrative process problems. Based on the analysis of these problems, proposals are put forward on the need to adopt a special law on executive authorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan; on supplementing the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On local government” with the norm relating to the concept of “local government”; on streamlining administrative procedures in the field of activity of executive authorities; on the need to adopt the law “On Public Service”. Key words: law, executive branch, public service, administrative procedures, public services.

Удосконалення системи оцінювання ефективності роботи державних службовців України категорій Б та В як один із факторів підвищення професійного та особистісного розвитку

Problem setting. The level of efficiency of the civil service system is a key advantage of the modern state in the international area. In view of this, the issue of evaluating the effectiveness of civil servants is extremely important and relevant. As shown by the results of the analysis in most cases in the assessment of the quality of staff there is: formalism, misunderstanding of the evaluation procedure, as well as lack of awareness of the importance of this process for professional and personal development of staff. Therefore, it is not possible to expect a high level of efficiency in their implementation. Proposed comprehensive system will serve not only as a way to assess the effectiveness of civil servants of categories B and С, but also contribute to the development of human resources, the formation of a powerful and capable public administration, the formation of professional, politically neutral and authoritative civil service.Recent research and publications analysis. Both domestic and foreign scientists studied the evaluation of the effectiveness of civil servants. The problem of the efficiency of the civil service has been studied by such foreign scientists as E. Newmeyer, I. Luffler, V. Newgent and domestic D. Pavlov, V. Tkachova, N. Nyzhnyk, V. Salamatov, B. Gavrilishin and others. Criteria for the efficiency and effectiveness of civil servants were studied by O. Babinova, N. Klyshch, O. Obolensky, R. Bilyk, S. Knak. and others.Methods for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of civil servants were proposed by I. Artym, A. Bohorodychenko, S. Zelinsky and others. Foreign experience in the context of this problem studied V. Shatun, B. Tsygankov, N. Bilyaev, S. Kuznetsova, V. Smirnova, M. Lesechko and others. However, the specificity of the Ukrainian conditions of state formation, uncertainty and instability of the political situation do not allow to fully transfer Western theory and experience to Ukrainian soil.The paper objective. The purpose of the article is to develop a comprehensive improved system for evaluating the effectiveness of civil servants.The paper main body. The legislative documents relating to performance measurement of ukrainian’s civil servants was analyzed. The limitations of the existing system for evaluating the effectiveness of civil servants was shown. Several innovations to improving the effectiveness of the system of performance evaluation of Ukrainian’s civil servants’ categories B and C were offered. It’s based on the European experience, taken into account Ukrainian realities and the results of the author’s works of this article.Conclusions of the research. The improved system of performance evaluation of ukrainian's civil servants categories B and C will ensure maximum transparency and impartiality of the procedure. It will reduce the time spent on its implementation by 40-50% and will bring Ukraine as close as possible to European standards in this field. In addition, proposed system will make it possible to identify the basic competencies and professionally necessary qualities of modern for clearly defined categories of civil servants. This will contribute to the formation of an optimal system for assessing the effectiveness of public administration, taking into account European experience and historical traditions, as well as the creation of institutional foundations for effective public administration policy in accordance with modern economic realities and societal needs.

Theoretical, legal and organizational principles of functioning of the civil service and human resources management system

Theoretical, legal and organizational principles of functioning of the civil service and human resources management system

Law against Corruption: Outcomes of Corruption Counteraction in Russia

The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of efficiency of legal and organizational measures taken by the state to counteract corruption in the Russian Federation. The authors critically evaluate their effectiveness, pay attention to methodological gaps in choosing means and methods of fighting this scourge. They also substantiate the necessity of rigorous differentiation of legal liability for corruption offences depending on official capacity of the offender and the area of state activity or social life that is encroached by the offender.
 
 Examining the genesis of the state’s reactions to the scope and danger of the present problem, it can be said that formal acknowledgment of corruption hazard in society and public service in particular has come after a considerable delay only when this phenomenon took a form that endangered foundations of the society and the state itself and when the global institutions paid attention to a high level of corruption in the Russian Federation. 
 
 The article studies the impact of law as the most powerful instrument against corruption, the most typical and major drawbacks of legal acts and the degree of their preventive action. The authors emphasize introduction of supplementary restrictions and prohibitions in the civil service system and economy sector. The article draws attention to intensification of criminal repressions for the most dangerous crimes such as bribery, corruption intermediation and others. 
 
 The conducted analysis of measures taken by the state and assessment of their efficiency by the public consciousness allow us to formulate a scientific hypothesis on the reasons and conditions that have determined poor performance of counteracting corruption. The authors point out some attempts to mobilize the civil society to fight corruption; however the government failed to significantly reduce its level.
 
 It is postulated that at present there is a necessity to refine the anti-corruption strategy, to optimize the balance between enforcement measures and stimulation as well as motivation of law-abiding behavior of public servants and others involved in public legal relationships, especially of those related to at-risk group. It is of great significance to intensify state and public control over certain activities such as government and public procurement, budget expenditures, the use of material resources, and others.