Civil Military Research Articles

In the Wake of War: Military Occupation, Emancipation, and Civil War America by Andrew F. Lang

In the Wake of War: Military Occupation, Emancipation, and Civil War America by Andrew F. Lang

Солдатские дети в законодательстве и правоприменительной практике в Российской империи XVIII–XIX веков

We consider historical and legal aspects of social and class status of minor members of “military class”: soldiers’ children, recruit’s children, soldiers’ daughters. These children had special status in legislation and law enforcement practice in Russian Empire in 18th–19th century as they were born in the families of recruits, lower ranks soldiers during their service in Russian army, retired soldiers, soldiers on indefinite leave and service-disabled veterans. On the basis of wide range of archival and published materials we reconstructed the legal regulation and social characteristics of “military offspring” in military forces and civil society. We also reveal recorded in primary archival documents and legal acts social and legal, class and household collisions and trends, which determined life and destiny of “military children”. We clarify statistical uncertainties, which occurred during estimation members of military class – soldiers’ children – in Russian province. We also give detailed historiographic assessment of studying legal status of cantonists and soldiers’ daughters. We conclude about the prospects of studying this scientific problem by domestic historians, as well as the presence of primary archival documents, which are waiting for the introduction into scientific circulation. It is proved that the category of “soldiers’ children” was not only a subject, but was often the object of Russian legislation, this category also made it possible to successfully defend their rights. We reveal features of transformation of the former cantonists into professional soldiers, and also their role in military and social history of the Russian Empire of the considered chronological period.

The Degree Of Understanding Of Zakat On Profession/Income In Jepara Regency

This study aimed to determine the degree of understanding of zakat on profession/income and the characteristics of the community distribution model as an effective collection model for zakat institutions. This study used a qualitative method with 68 respondents from various professional work backgrounds including civil servants, teachers, employees, military, police, and government officials. The results of this study were that Jepara people have a high degree of understanding about zakat but have not been fully able to calculate nishab of zakat especially zakat on profession/income. Therefore, not all people who are obliged to pay zakat on professionand the distribution of zakat on professionis still directly to mustahiq.Keywords: Zakat on Profession/Income; Understanding of Zakat; Zakat; Alms

Direitos humanos, transformações sociais e a reconstrução da memória sobre a Ditadura brasileira: reflexões a partir da Comissão Nacional da Verdade

O presente artigo busca o entendimento das relações entre a garantia dos direitos humanos e a construção de uma memória social, baseando-se na Comissão Nacional da Verdade (CNV) no Brasil. Os resultados apresentados são oriundos de um projeto de pesquisa, que trabalha o desenvolvimento da CNV e as repercussões do seu relatório no Brasil. Um trabalho importante para a construção da memória social, que sobre a ditadura militar brasileira é uma construção que se dá longo do tempo. O relatório da CNV é parte importante das discussões sobre as ditaduras no Brasil, fundamental para a construção do conhecimento nas humanidades.

ПРЕДСТАВНИЦТВО ВІЙСЬКОВИХ У СКЛАДІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЇ РАДИ

In the article the author considers the military and military-political aspects of the functioning of the higher state authorities in the period of the Ukrainian Central Council and enlightens quantitative and qualitative indicators of the membership of representatives of military circles (military units, military civil organizations, military officers) in it. Additionally, the conditions of obtaining the membership in the Ukrainian Central Council by people from military circles are revealed as well as the efficiency of the latter's work is determined. The article also contains biographical information concerning the brightest people of Ukrainian army.

Military Men of Feeling? Gender Boundaries and Military–Civil Encounters in Two German Soldier Plays (1760‐80)

AbstractThe eighteenth‐century culture of sentimentality, especially in its literary form, is often associated with questions of gender and sexuality. This article investigates the effects of literary sentimentalism on the reformulation of acceptable modes of masculinity, which tends to be neglected in scholarly literature about the period. To do so, it analyses two popular eighteenth‐century German soldier plays against the background of a clash between two gendered emotional communities. These plays enabled audiences to reflect on the ways in which changing conceptions of gendered identity inform military–civil encounters and the affective bonds between soldiers and citizens.

Information security management practices: study of the influencing factors in a Brazilian Air Force institution

This article aims at analyzing the factors which influence the staff of the Air Force In-formation Technology Board – DTI in relation to the understanding of the application of the Information Security Management practices. This attempt was based on the hypothetical-deductive method and, as to its objective, it was descriptive in nature. As to the approach of the research problem, it was quantitative in nature. In order to achieve the proposed objective, an adaptation of the Theoretical Technology Acceptance Model – TAM, which allowed the analysis of the relation between sociodemographic profile, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude and behavior of the users, and the level of understanding of the Information Security practices. The survey was conducted with 59 military servants and civilians which are part of the Brazilian Air Force Information Technology Board, to whom a questionnaire was applied, submitted and approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research (CAAE: 62636016.7.0000.5111), which was based on the precepts of ISO/IEC 27001 (2013) and 27002, which deal, respectively, with the Information Security Management system and with the code of practice for Information Security controls. Once the data were gathered, they were tabu-lated and statistically analyzed, which enabled the demonstration of the influence of sociodemographic and behavioral factors and of the precepts of the TAM in the perception of the Information Security practices by the DTI staff.

Military Counterterrorism Measures, Civil–Military Relations, and Democracy: The Cases of Turkey and the United States

This study examines how military counterterrorism (CT) measures affect the quality of democracy by altering civil–military relations (CMR) and focuses on CMR as the main causal mechanism. We argue that the use of military measures in CT jeopardizes democracy at the societal level by increasing the belief that only the military is equipped to deal with the threat at hand. Therefore, erosions of civil liberties are tolerated in exchange for security. Second, we argue that military CT measures change the balance between the military and civilian executive powers in procedural and liberal democracies. While the military’s executive power increases in procedural democracies, civilian executive power increases and goes unchecked in liberal ones. Case studies of the United States and Turkey show that military CT measures affect CMR in these countries, which generate a similar tradeoff between security and the quality of democracy, albeit via different causal mechanisms. While that tradeoff is less severe in the United States, Turkey is more vulnerable to erosion of democracy.

New Concepts of Security Affecting Stabilization and Reconstruction

The United States military Civil Affairs community desires to increase its relevance to future operations and missions of the U.S. Army as part of the joint force. To do so, it must adapt to the changes and challenges of the dynamic and uncertain operational environments in which the joint force operates. One key component of these environments concerns the ability of the joint force to reestablish and maintain security in the wake of crises and catastrophes. This paper demonstrates that the concept of security itself has evolved and continues to do so in ways that require fundamental changes in the ways and means that the Civil Affairs community goes about its security tasks. Prominent among these changes is the fracturing of the concept of security into specialized forms, especially Human, Environmental and Informational Security. This paper provides some possible adaptations that the Civil Affairs community can make to accommodate these changes in the security environment.

Black skin, red coats: the Carolina corps and Nationalism in the revolutionary British Caribbean

ABSTRACTThe Carolina Corps straddled the liminal boundaries of military–civil society in the highly racialized eighteenth-century British Caribbean. Although former slaves, the men of the Corps were nonetheless crucial to the defense of the region. This gave the men opportunities and legal standing that was unattainable to most other blacks in the British West Indies. The Carolina Corps leveraged their position to ensure they achieved the greatest possible level of social advancement. In addition, these black troops helped to change the racial perceptions of many white commanders, laying the groundwork for the later expansion of black units within the British Caribbean.

From Huntington to Trump: The Civilian Military Imperative for Foreign Policy Professionals

This article offers an introduction to Civilian-Military relations for the foreign policy professional (including members of the armed forces). Its author contends that the study of some aspect of Civilian Military relations is warranted for officers seeking command positions that involve analyzing a foreign nation’s institutions. He further argues that examining the state of a military’s professionalization may help analysts to better understand the country they are studying, while allowing them to develop more salient recommendations for the leaders to whom they report. Lastly, he comments on the changing state of Civilian Military relations taking place in the United States under the Administration of President Donald J. Trump.

On Frontline Workers as Bureau-Political Actors: The Case of Civil–Military Crisis Management

We focus attention on the public policy-making influence of frontline bureaucrats. They are increasingly operating in interorganizational partnerships and networks in which they develop collaborative relations with frontline workers of other public organizations. We theorize that their embeddedness in local interorganizational environments induces and enables them to defy locally inappropriate policies and to pursue locally relevant policies as policy entrepreneurs simultaneously. The case study of policy-making in Dutch civil–military crisis management demonstrates that this “frontline bureaucratic politics” bears considerably on policy outcomes. We conclude that viewing frontline workers as bureau-political actors enhances our understanding of public policy-making in interorganizational arrangements.

Enablers and Barriers of Civil Military Relations in India: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach

Objective: To diagnose the State of Coexistence in the Altos de la Sabana Community, located in the Municipality of Sincelejo (Sucre), Colombia. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Research with a quantitative, transversal, descriptive approach, with a population under study made up of 2,182 households, of which − with a confidence level of 95% and an error of 5% − we obtain an optimal sample size equal to 327 households, selected from a systematic random sampling. For the analysis and processing of the information, descriptive statistical elements are used. Findings: After the application and analysis of the proposed diagnosis in the community of Altos de la Sabana, it was possible to demonstrate the existence of problems of coexistence within the conglomerate, demonstrated in conflictive dynamics and moderate participation in activities of community cohesion. From this perspective, problems of a personal nature prevail, with a moderate tendency to participate in activities typical of the cohesion among members of the community. Application/Improvements: In spite of the multiple aids provided to the communities that are victims of displacement in Colombia − within these, the relocation processes−, situations that threaten their physical and emotional wellbeing are still evident, due to the fact that they move to live situations of shock and permanent conflict with neighbors, which are in a similar situation. Keywords: Coexistence, Conflict, Displaced, Participation

Coexistence in Displaced and Relocate�Communities

Background: Civil Military Relations (CMR) is a complex mix of explicit, implicit, traditions, precedence, evolutions, powers forming part of the social contract that underpins the country`s governance. Arena of CMR is strategic. There are a few factors known as CMR Enablers and Barriers (EBs), which affect CMR. Objective: To study the basic relationships amongst the shortlisted EBs. Also to understand the driver and driven EBs. Methods and Analysis: Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique with Micmac Analysis was used. The inter-se and inter relationships between the EBs was derived. EBs was further categorized, based on their ability to drive others or their dependence on others. Ultimately, how critical each factor is for the success of CMR was identified. Findings: Legacy, Leadership and National Interest were found to be most critical EBs since they have individual effect on building a dynamic CMR which is of immense importance in Nation building by ensuring cohesiveness among Civil and Military parlors. Conclusion/Further Study: Enablers and Barriers are the key in the effective CMR implementation process. Conclusively, all ten EBs are relevant although they exhibit a varying degree of relative importance. Future study, could quantify the framework obtained from ISM model, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).

Military–Civilian Partnerships in Training, Sustaining, Recruitment, Retention, and Readiness: Proceedings from an Exploratory First-Steps Meeting

Military–Civilian Partnerships in Training, Sustaining, Recruitment, Retention, and Readiness: Proceedings from an Exploratory First-Steps Meeting

Research on the Decision Method of Maintenance Materials Direct Supply

With the further development of civil military integration, more and more maintenance materials will be supplied by the factory directly. Aiming at the mode condition of maintenance materials factory direct supply, maintenance materials needs equipment support in the process of facing a number of direct supply manufacturers how to decision problems, using AHP, considering many factors optimization of direct supply manufacturers involved, and gives the weights of the evaluation indexes of the direct supply manufacturers to evaluate optimal. Finally, with 4 straights for the manufacturer as an example, considering the various evaluation indexes to carry out evaluation and drawing the correct evaluation of direct supply manufacturers, the best manufacturers direct supply is selected. An example shows that, AHP can provide scientific and theoretical basis to materials factory direct supply security.

Pragmatism and Practicality: Rethinking U.S. Civil–Military Relations Models for a Turbulent Era

In his recent article Saving Samuel Huntington and the Need for Pragmatic Civil–Military Relations, Travis proposes a model of civil–military relations based on “pragmatic civilian control.” This model has three main shortcomings. First, it does not adequately answer the question of “professional supremacy” versus “civilian supremacy” in making crucial decisions during wartime. Second, the distinctions between “wars of choice” and “wars of necessity,” and about the “kind of war” being fought, key theoretical variables mentioned by the author, are hard to judge objectively. And third, the new model would likely exacerbate rather than diminish the problem of military leaders getting involved in political and even partisan controversies; this is particularly problematic, given the unusual situation of many military leaders in the Trump administration occupying civilian positions of authority. If it is to be of practical use to policy makers, future scholarship on pragmatism and civil–military relations must address these weaknesses.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL SUPPORT OF CREWS OF THE UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND UNDER REPAIR NUCLEAR SUBMARINES

In article practical sides of medical support of repair, construction and trial runs of nuclear submarines are considered. Harmful production factors which the staff of crew at repair of nuclear submarines can face are described. The questions which have arisen at approbation of the methodical guide to medical support of the under construction and under repair ships in practice are brought up. Fundamental obligations of the chief of health service are specified by preparation for conducting trial runs of nuclear submarines. Standard difficulties, which can arise in activity of the ship doctor at implementation of medical support of trial runs of nuclear submarines, such as control of the state of health of a civil part of delivery crew, medical supply of delivery team, control of microclimate parameters, control of recycling, control of the course of construction or repair, operation of regular medical property, structure of incidence of staff of delivery crew are described. Recommendations to young specialists in their decision are made. Features of implementation of medical observation of conditions of activity of the military personnel and civil personnel of delivery crew are described during tests of the ship, tactics at delivery of health care at a serious illness and injuries. Offers for consideration when developing of the leading documents, regarding concerning are specified.

Canada’s Civil–Military Seminar: An Approach to Narrowing the Civil–Military Gap

The “civil–military gap” is a significant factor that can hinder the success of complex comprehensive approach missions. Perhaps nowhere is this gap more apparent than in the relationship between m...

Analysing Chinese Civil–Military Relations: A Bottom-Up Approach

AbstractThis article examines Chinese civil–military relations using a bottom-up analytical approach and hitherto untapped sources, including interviews with military personnel in active service. It argues that traditional approaches to political control, which generally interpret the changing political–military relationship through military professionalism and institutional autonomy, miss out on important aspects and may generate erroneous conclusions. Here, focus is instead on the professional autonomy of the Chinese officer corps. Through an empirical study of the organization of military work at two of China's top military education institutes, the article illustrates how professional autonomy and direct political control vary, both between hierarchical levels and issue areas. This highlights the multidimensionality of both control and professional manoeuvrability and underlines the fruitfulness of including an intra-organizational perspective in order to reach better informed conclusions about political control and civil–military relations in today's China.