Civil Military Research Articles

ПРАКТИКА ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА ВОЕННЫХ ВУЗОВ И ГРАЖДАНСКИХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ФГК ВОУ ВО "ЯРОСЛАВСКОЕ ВЫСШЕЕ ВОЕННОЕ УЧИЛИЩЕ ПРОТИВОВОЗДУШНОЙ ОБОРОНЫ" МИНИСТЕРСТВА ОБОРОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ)

This article focuses on pedagogical support of social partnership between a military universities and civilian educational organizations and the effectiveness of the process under consideration. The author considers the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition and formation of social partnership. The article describes the experience of implementing social partnership between a military university and civilian educational organizations through the implementation of a Development Program. The article presents the main directions of the implementation of this program according to the selected criteria and indicators: the level of social partnership development, the development of the educational environment of a military university and the formation of students’ competence-oriented educational result.

Outside The Soldier And The State:, The Reconsideration Of Civil Military Relations Analysis

Outside The Soldier And The State:, The Reconsideration Of Civil Military Relations Analysis

The Influence and Development Trend of Information Weapons and Equipment on Modern Warfare

The new technological revolution with information technology as the core has not only promoted the development of information weapons and equipment, but also it has accelerated the transformation of war to information. Firstly, this paper analyzes the profound impact of information weapons and equipment on modern warfare and it discusses the new changes from four aspects: combat concept, combat field, combat mode and combat theory. Secondly, the paper also analyzes the development trend of information weapons and equipment, and it believes that there will be development in four directions: intelligence, systematization, new fields and military civilian integration. The article holds that only by fully mastering the application and development law of information weapons and equipment can we build an information army and win the future information war.

ПЕНСИОННОЕ ИНВЕСТИРОВАНИЕ РОССИЯН: СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ОПАСЕНИЯ И РЕСУРСЫ

The article deals with pension investment as a special form of social pension capital. The authors of the article try to substantiate that in the modern scientific and social context the boundaries of understanding "human capital" are significantly expanding. The article, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, is based on the data of a full-scale sociological study of Russians (N=1050) on various aspects of pension investment and pension capital formation. In the course of the study, the authors managed to identify that at present the Russians demonstrate extremely low investment pension activity, the formation of pension capital is extremely delayed and correlates with the age of respondents. The population sees the government as the main source of future pension formation, but there is little trust in specific institutional forms of investment. Only financial instruments not related to direct investment are assessed positively by the population: work in the civil service, supervisory, military and law enforcement agencies, as well as receiving "white" salary. This research has recorded the unfavourable state of the social pension investment sphere. The low level of investment activity and lack of trust in institutional mechanisms of capital investment seem to be an extremely unfavorable signal for the pension future of broad social groups. From the sociological point of view, there is a need to develop relevant explanatory theories of investment changes, and from the side of state and investment institutions to develop relevant measures to correct the situation.

Is the Irish Defence Forces Developing the Necessary Capability to Meet the Operational Requirements of its UN CIMIC Roles? A Case Study of CIMIC Operations in Lebanon

This article examines the Irish Defence Forces’ (DF) approach to contemporary Civil Military Co-operation (CIMIC) operations in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), seeking to discover whether or not the DF is developing the necessary capability to meet the operational requirements of its UN CIMIC roles. The paper focuses on the manner in which the DF selects and trains personnel for this operational task, and the degree to which this enables the organisation to meet UN requirements. The article explores international military best practice relating to pre-deployment training and examines Irish policy and practice, presenting the results of interviews conducted with relevant Irish personnel. The research demonstrates that, while there is no doubt that the DF is meeting the operational requirements of its UN CIMIC tasks, this may be the result of its soldiers’ collective attitudes and behaviour rather than by design. This suggests that Irish soldiers make good peacekeepers, but that this may not be closely connected to any pre-deployment training relating to CIMIC.

Аналіз основ та вироблення рекомендацій щодо початку роботи із системою доктринального забезпечення Сухопутних військ США в контексті приведення доктринального забезпечення Збройних Сил України до стандартів НАТО

Статья будет интересна для специалистов составляющих сил обороны, занимающихся их развитием и которые работают над изучением и внедрением современных стандартов и принципов ведущих стран НАТО. США является передовой страной НАТО и их вооруженные силы оказывают значительное влияние на современное состояние и перспективы этого военно-политического блока. Статья сфокусирована на доктринальном обеспечения СВ США. По своему значению, Доктрины СВ США возможно приравнять к руководящими документами уровня отдельной составляющей сил обороны. Сейчас система доктринального обеспечения Сухопутных войск США открыта и находится в свободном доступе в сети интернет. Тысячи доктринальных и других военных руководящих публикаций СВ США дают исчерпывающий перечень ответов на вопросы о современных стандартах функционирования вооруженных сил в мирное и военное время. Спектр вопросов варьируется от порядка взаимодействия между различными составляющими сил обороны до принципов здорового питания и сна отдельного военнослужащего.
 Статья написана в контексте реформы системы доктринального обеспечения Вооруженных Сил Украины. Реформа предусматривает разработку до конца 2020 года 272 новых доктринальных документов с учетом стандартов НАТО и опыта Операции Объединенных сил (Антитеррористической операции) на востоке Украины. Таким образом, перед разработчиками новых доктрин стоит задача в короткие сроки изучить и обобщить опыт ООС (АТО), требования как действующих национальных руководящих документов так и стандартам ведущих стран НАТО и подготовить на их основе такие доктринальные документы, которые позволят эффективно выполнять задачи возложенные на Вооруженные Силы Украины. Однако работа с доктринальными документами другой страны, кроме знания иностранного языка и соответствующей военной терминологии, требует понимания основ работы с доктриной соответствующего государства. Статья предоставляет минимальный набор знаний, который позволит начать уверенную работу с доктринальными публикациями СВ США и ускорить процесс их изучения.

Forging Civil–Military Cooperation: Domestic and International Laboratories of CIMIC Knowledge and Practice

ABSTRACT The article investigates the development and circulation of knowledge on civil–military co-operation (CIMIC) between different training sites and foreign military operations. It explores contexts in which the understandings of the military personnel’s own role vis-a-vis the civilian population as well as knowledge on CIMIC more generally are created. Based on the interviews with CIMIC officers in the UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) and members of the CIMIC unit of the Czech Armed Forces, the article argues that knowledge-production in civil–military cooperation supports primarily the creation of roles influenced by counterinsurgency thinking.

An Assessment of Student Moral Development at the National Defense University: Implications for Ethics Education and Moral Development for Senior Government and Military Leaders

ABSTRACT Senior service colleges provide professional education to prepare military and government civilians for public service at the senior levels of strategy and policy. Inclusive in the program of study is ethics education, since various constituents expect their leaders to act in an ethical manner and to incorporate ethics and values in decision-making, policy, and strategy. In order to develop the most effective professional ethics education, the National Defense University assessed students in a pre- and post-test format using the Defining Issues Test Version 2 to determine their patterns of moral judgment at the beginning and the conclusion of the program. This article discusses the theoretical background, existing research, results, and implications of the study. Key findings include military students aligning with the Maintaining Norms schema; civilian students aligning with the Postconventional schema; and no significant changes as a result of the program. The article concludes with recommendations for ethics education for military and public service professionals. This research helps fill a void of empirical data on the moral development of military and public servants.

Pakistan’s Nuclear Program: Transformation from Credible Minimum Deterrence to Full Spectrum Deterrence

This research paper is based on the concepts related to Pakistan’s nuclear program and nuclear posture adopted by it in the start. This starts from the concept of Credible Minimum Deterrence, which was adopted by Pakistan after becoming nuclear power. At that time Pakistan’s economic condition and strategic interests only allowed Pakistan to go for war denying deterrence to balance the threat caused by India’s conventional superiority over Pakistan. It required a minimum number of weapons to deter. Later on with the technological developments in Indian nuclear program, changes on regional level, Indian civil military deals with USA and introduction of Cold Start Doctrine compelled Pakistan to go for technological improvements in its nuclear missile program and change in its nuclear posture. Furthermore, it is explained in the paper that Pakistan has now decided to go for Full Spectrum Deterrence (FSD) to respond Indian Cold Start Doctrine. Full Spectrum Deterrence is to make sure that there are no gaps left in Pakistan’s deterrence capability. The objective of this paper is to understand the concepts related to Pakistan’s evolving nuclear posture and the challenges faced by FSD in present.

Teaching the Military and Revolutions: Simulating Civil–Military Relations during Mass Uprisings

ABSTRACTDuring revolutions, strategic interactions among civilian policy makers, armed forces, and opposition groups shape political outcomes—most important, whether a regime stands or falls. Students from advanced industrial democracies frequently find these dynamics counterintuitive, even after completing readings and engaging in traditional instruction methods. We therefore sought to improve pedagogical outcomes by designing a simulation based on scenarios similar to those witnessed during the Arab Spring and Ukraine’s Euromaidan Revolution. We divided students into four teams representing the regime, the armed forces, and two distinct groups of anti-regime dissidents. Rules were designed to incorporate the best recent scholarship on each category of actors’ behavior, such as the probability of military units defecting to protesters and the ability of riot police to repress urban uprisings. By forcing student teams to make decisions under time pressure, we obliged them to wrestle with the uncertainties and fears of betrayal inherent in complex civil–military emergencies.

Military Chaplains and Intimate Partner Violence: Ethical Dilemmas in the Armed Forces

Chaplains in the military attend to the spiritual and emotional needs of military personnel, their families, and civilians. As chaplains encounter intimate partner violence (IPV) they are faced with ethical dilemmas. For example, unlike most professionals, chaplains do not have a duty to report violence, which affects decisions about safety. This article reviews three key areas of ethical dilemmas related to IPV: (a) the ethics of confidentiality, (b) the ethics of cultural competence, and (c) the ethics of intervention. Two case studies are presented to help chaplains and therapists who work with them assist those experiencing violence.

Influence of Leadership Style, Work Culture and Work Satisfaction on Employee Engagement in The Ministry of Defense of The Republic of Indonesia

This study aims to describe the Management of Human Resources, especially the Management of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, through a description of the influence of leadership style, work culture, and work satisfaction on employee engagement. Lack of discipline and employee work ethic, which can be seen from the number of employees who are late and skipping work, are still less concerned with their performance, thus showing an indication of low employee engagement. This research used explanative research with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out by survey using a questionnaire with a proportional sampling technique. This research worked together with 37 people from the Directorate General of Defense Forces, and 38 of them taken from the Directorate General of Defense Strategy (57.4%). The results of this study indicate (1) the leadership style has a direct positive effect on employee engagement. (2) Work culture has an immediate positive effect on Employee Engagement. (3) Work satisfaction has a direct positive effect on Employee Engagement. (4) Leadership style has a direct positive effect on work satisfaction. (5) Work culture has a direct positive effect on work satisfaction. (6) Leadership style has a direct positive effect on work culture. (7) Leadership style has a positive indirect effect on Employee Engagement through work culture. (8) Leadership style has an indirect effect on Employee Engagement through work satisfaction and (9) Work culture has a positive indirect effect on employee engagement through work satisfaction. Based on the results of the study concluded that leaders in the Ministry of Defense are advised to promote transformational leadership styles that are able to foster a positive work culture and increase work satisfaction of subordinates (State Civil Apparatus and Military). Also, implement them at various levels of leadership positions within the Ministry of Defense so that employee engagement can grow in all units and organizational levels of the Ministry of Defense. Keywords: leadership style, work culture, work satisfaction, employee engagement, the ministry of defense DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/68-04 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

A dialética em estado de exceção: Alegorias da ditadura civil-militar em À Flor da Pele, de Consuelo de Castro

Este artigo propõe uma análise da peça teatral À flor da pele, da dramaturga brasileira Consuelo de Castro, escrita em 1969, durante o auge da ditadura civil militar brasileira. Procura-se demonstrar que o texto pode ser melhor compreendido utilizando-se o conceito de alegoria, tal como definido pelo filósofo WalterBenjamin. Seguindo esta leitura, a linguagem alegórica desloca os parâmetros da forma dramática tradicional, de origem europeia, modificando-a a partir do confronto com o contexto histórico brasileiro do período. Essa realidade histórica, fraturada pelos ditames de um Estado de Exceção, teria gerado uma espécie particular de drama negativo, que procuraremos revelar durante o texto.

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

Fiber Bragg grating has embraced the area of fiber optics since the early days of its discovery, and most fiber optic sensor systems today make use of fiber Bragg grating technology. Researchers have gained enormous attention in the field of fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensing due to its inherent advantages, such as small size, fast response, distributed sensing, and immunity to the electromagnetic field. Fiber Bragg grating technology is popularly used in measurements of various physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and strain for civil engineering, industrial engineering, military, maritime, and aerospace applications. Nowadays, strong emphasis is given to structure health monitoring of various engineering and civil structures, which can be easily achieved with FBG-based sensors. Depending on the type of grating, FBG can be uniform, long, chirped, tilted or phase shifted having periodic perturbation of refractive index inside core of the optical fiber. Basic fundamentals of FBG and recent progress of fiber Bragg grating-based sensors used in various applications for temperature, pressure, liquid level, strain, and refractive index sensing have been reviewed. A major problem of temperature cross sensitivity that occurs in FBG-based sensing requires temperature compensation technique that has also been discussed in this paper.

Praetorian Army in Action: A Critical Assessment of Civil–Military Relations in Turkey

With four successful and three failed coups in less than 60 years, the Turkish military is one of the most interventionist armed forces in the global south. Despite this record, few scholars have analyzed systematically how the military’s political role changed over time. To address this gap, this article examines the evolution of civil–military relations (CMR) in Turkey throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Based on a historical analysis, this article offers a revisionist account for the extant Turkish scholarship and also contributes to the broader literature on CMR. It argues that the military’s guardian status was not clearly defined and that the officer corps differed strongly on major political issues throughout the Cold War. This article also demonstrates that the officer corps was divided into opposite ideological factions and political agendas and enjoyed varying levels of political influence due to frequent purges and conjectural changes.

Theoretical Discourses on Civil Military Relations: An Analysis

Theoretical Discourses on Civil Military Relations: An Analysis

The Senior Military Officer as a Veteran in Transition: Opportunities for Adult Learning and Bridging the Military–Civilian Divide

AbstractRetiring senior military officers (SMO) are a specific group of adult learners in role transition. SMOs have the shared experience of high‐level leadership roles, senior managerial experiences, and military rank. They experience some similar transition challenges as other military affiliated learners, such as military–civilian culture; however, in their military roles, these individuals are in powerful roles of command, often in high stress to include life and death combat situations. Therefore, the SMO adult learner transitioning into post‐retirement, second career work experiences has important context changes to explore. Those context changes include integrated ways of moving among levels of novice to expert in organizational structure, ethos, international experience, and managing and leading in crisis. Through reciprocal learning programs, hiring organizations and SMOs have an opportunity to make headway into bridging the military–civilian divide.

Legal and Policy Perspectives on Civil–Military Cooperation for the Establishment of Space Traffic Management

Space Traffic Management (STM) is already acknowledged as a concept for the regulation of space activities by the Legal Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS). The current United Nations assumption is comprehensive for all space activities and facilitates this conceptualisation. However, very little is known about how the respective requirements are met in practice. STM policies and strategies have been developed at the governmental, intergovernmental and international level demonstrating the wide acceptance of its relevance for the growing challenges in the space sector. This paper, in particular, addresses elements of civil and military cooperation as an emerging dynamic with implications for the development of STM. Hence, it examines this issue by looking into comparable traffic regimes: air traffic, maritime traffic and radio frequency spectrum. Drawing on the fundamental principle of international cooperation and the peaceful uses of outer space, this paper aims to contribute to the further refinement of a STM regime.

Poking fun at heroes: American war and the death of the military comedy

Since the attacks of September 11 2001, there has been a marked decline in the number of military comedy films in American cinema. Films like Buffalo Soldiers, a film made prior to September 11 but released in 2003, show how this change first started. Whereas, prior to 2001, military comedies were generally accepted and even profitable, after 2001 the genre effectively disappeared and still to this day has not re-emerged despite military non-comedy films making a clear resurgence after 2008. In this article, the author explores how and why military comedies have declined over time by making comparisons of how popular both military comedy and non-comedy films were in prior periods and today. The purpose of this is to show how the decline of military comedies since 2001 is a symptom of a greater political trend within American political development, specifically the civil–military divide. As this divide has grown in the post-military draft period in the United States, an event like September 11 seems to have ruptured the general acceptability of laughing at the military, which remains improper in cinema to this day. Finally, he examines some of the political consequences of this lack of laughter at the military within the greater political and film studies literature, which include growing tacit support for the military and how the narratives within some of these films leave little room for American civilians to comedically view the military that defends them.

Construction of Emergency Command and Decision System for Military Civilian Medical Rescue Based on Gis

According to the actual needs of the emergency rescue after the explosion accident in the central city, this paper puts forward the design ideas and functional objectives of the military civilian joint emergency rescue command and decision system, and puts forward the structure, operation mechanism and functional modules of the system, which includes eight modules: comprehensive query, space positioning, path analysis, plan management, decision support, command scheduling, decision evaluation, training and performance practice. The advantages of the system include: flexible data management function, powerful spatial analysis and planning function, dynamic command and decision-making and scheduling function, and comprehensive training and drilling function. Under the condition of information, the system can provide a basis for decision makers to make emergency rescue decisions after the explosion accident in the central city, and can greatly improve the efficiency of emergency rescue.