Lahore City Research Articles

Role of ambient air pollution in asthma spread among various population groups of Lahore City: a case study.

Air pollution levels rise as a result of industrial and vehicular emissions, epidemiological issues such as asthma become more prevalent in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan and cause adverse public health effects. Many studies explored the association between air pollutants and frequency of asthma hospital visits, although their effects are unclear. This study examined the link between air pollution, asthma, and socioeconomic and demographic factors. A questionnaire survey was administered among four age groups (15-25, 25-45, 45-60, and over 60years old) in public and private hospitals of Lahore city. Daily average concentrations of five air pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were recorded at ten fixed air monitoring sites in Lahore city. There were favorable connections between outpatient department (OPD) asthma visits (64%) and levels of outdoor air quality during winter season throughout the study period. The correlation between 1, 29, and 370 asthma patients and average daily air pollution levels found that the condition was more prevalent in females (53%) than males (47%). There was a significant correlation between PM10 exposure and asthma OPD visits in the city (p 0.001), as well as the elevated PM10 levels were substantially linked with OPD asthma visits over the winter season in the city. The hazard index (HI) for all adult population was estimated 0.001132. The study's findings indicate that exposure to ambient air pollution is a significant predictor of asthma hospital visits, particularly among the elderly. Strategies can be developed by policymakers in response to the worrying situation of allergic disease asthma in industrial cities due to air pollution.

Perception of Physiotherapists of Lahore, Pakistan about the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Short and Long Term Pain Management

To determine the knowledge about TENS usage among professional physical therapists of Lahore city. Methods: In this study cross sectional survey was conducted in Physiotherapy department of UOL Teaching Hospital, CMH, Ghurki Teaching Hospital and Social Security Hospital, Lahore. The sample size of 117physical therapist participated in this study. Questionnaire was used to determine response of participants. Results: 117 questionnaires were filled by physical therapists, using electrotherapy (TENS) in their setup. Only 81.2% physical therapist found TENS effective as a sole treatment for acute pain, while 36.8% founds it effective as a sole treatment for chronic pain. Physical therapists 70% in Lahore prefer using gels/lotions with TENS about for prolonged relief. Majority of physical therapists (84.6%) were satisfied with the effectiveness of TENS applying with other modalities. Conclusion: TENS is frequently used among Physical Therapist aged more than 26 years. Most of physical therapist found it effective for both short and long term care. Physical therapist were frequently using it for the management of frozen shoulder pain.

Impact of quality and flexibility of work life balance and turnover intention in service sector of Pakistan

The focus of this study is to look into the relationship between turnover intention and quality of work-life, flexible work arrangements (QWL), and work-life balance (WLB). The research uses deductive reasoning as its aim is to test the existing theory which is Satisfaction with work life balance. Convenient sampling technique is used, as the population is this study is not known and it is easy to access the sample. Quantitative research method used. This study will collect data from 495 respondents from the private banking sector and higher education professionals in the city of Lahore, Pakistan, using a structured survey instrument. Further SPSS and smart PLS used to test the hypothesis. Because the current study focuses on self-report measures, it is subject to social desirability bias and common method bias. However, adequate precautions are taken to minimize these drawbacks. The findings have difficulties for human resource managers in the workplace. The findings have ramifications for human resource managers in the workplace. This research will benefit both practical managers and the human resource management literature. The study suggests that employers need to be aware of the importance of quality of work-life and worklife balance in achieving work life balance an effectiveness of turnover. The study is expected to contribute to the welfare of the society in terms of identifying the antecedents of work-life balance. This study provides new insights about the effects of QWL on WLB through mediating variables.

Influence of Social Constraints, Mobility Incentives, and Restrictions on Commuters’ Behavioral Intentions and Moral Obligation towards the Metro-Bus Service in Lahore

This paper aims to identify commuters’ perceptions towards the metro-bus service system considering various social constraints, mobility incentives and restrictions, and personal norms. A questionnaire survey was designed, which consisted of the personal information of respondents, travel properties, and preferences with the metro-bus system. This survey was conducted in Lahore city, and a total of 333 samples were obtained. The findings of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that the social constraints in traveling, public transport incentives, and specific parking restrictions have a significant influence on commuters’ moral obligations to reduce traffic congestion, mitigate environmental menaces, and protect natural resources. The ANOVA and SEM analysis showed that significant differences exist among low-, middle-, and high-income commuters in terms of their behavioral intentions towards the metro-bus service. These findings implicate that specific incentives on the use of public transport modes and parking restrictions are useful in changing the behavioral intentions of travelers towards transit modes such as the metro-bus service.

Consumer Behavior in Islamic Perspective: An Empirical Analysis

Pakistan is an Islamic country and the current paper is an attempt to investigate empirically whether Islamic consumer theory is being applied in this country or not. This study has used a set of questionnaires distributed to all general consumers working in different walks of life in the city of Lahore. Cronbach Alpha test is used to check the reliability and internal consistency of all variables in the questionnaire. In order to draw conclusions, percentage of respondents’ method has been used in SPSS. Results indicated that consumers in Pakistan follow Sharia rules moderately during consumption of goods and services, embrace Halal goods and services, and prefer to live a simple life, to some extent believe in wealth accumulation and believe that excessive accumulation of wealth induces them to lead an unnecessary luxurious life. Moreover, they frequently give donations to the needy, and somewhat consider the problems being faced by other consumers. They usually do not support a luxurious life when their siblings or neighbors are poor. They sometimes consider the life hereafter and control their wants during consumption of goods and services. Most of the people consider ethics in their consumption pattern and believe that absence of ethics is the major reason of defect of modern economics. Besides, most of the respondents are of the opinion that modern economics should include religious tools to get better outcomes. It is also concluded that they believe that social, moral and religious mechanisms are important with other economic programs and instruments in order to alleviate poverty. This study is important for the national and international producers, marketers and sellers who would like to sell their goods and services in Pakistan. Producers can produce goods and services by considering widespread Islamic consumption behavior in Pakistan in their production process. Marketers and sellers can attract mainstream consumers by depicting Islamic consumption pattern while marketing their products and services. To the best of my knowledge, no research in the past has been done to find out empirically Islamic consumer behavior for Pakistan.

Source identification and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air and dust samples of Lahore City

During two consecutive summer and winter seasons in Lahore, the health risk of air and dust-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GS/MS) was used to determine air and dust samples from various functional areas across the city. The mean ∑16PAHs were higher in air 1035.8 ± 310.7 (pg m−3) and dust 963.4 ± 289.0 (ng g−1 d.w.) during winter seasons as compared to summer seasons in air 1010.9 ± 303.3 (pg m−3) and dust matrices 945.2 ± 283.6 (ng g−1 d.w.), respectively. PAHs ring profile recognized 3 and 4 rings PAHs as most dominant in air and dust samples. Estimated results of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) highlighted high carcinogenic risk among the residents of Lahore via ingestion and dermal contact on exposure to atmospheric PAHs. The total ILCR values in air among children (summer: 9.61E − 02, winter: 2.09E − 02) and adults (summer: 1.45E − 01, winter: 3.14E − 02) and in dust, children (summer: 9.16E − 03, winter: 8.80E − 03) and adults (summer: 1.38E − 02, winter: 1.33E − 02) during the study period. The isomeric ratios in the study area revealed mixed PAH sources, including vehicular emission, petroleum, diesel and biomass combustion. As a result, it is advised that atmospheric PAHs should be monitored throughout the year and the ecologically friendly fuels be used to prevent PAHs pollution and health concerns in the city. The findings of this study are beneficial to the local regulating bodies in terms of controlling the exposure and promoting steps to reduce PAHs pollution and manage health in Lahore.

Assessment and Monitoring of VIIRS-DNB and SQML-L light Pollution in Lahore-Pakistan

The usage of artificial light is excessive and improper. Earth's night picture has changed significantly from space and studies have shown that over-exposure to artificial light in the night can influence animals, the environment and human beings. The purpose of this study was to monitor and measure skylights of Lahore City and temporary light pollution from 2012-2019. The Suite-Day/Night band of the Visible Image Radiometer was used for time changes analysis with GIS and Remote Sensing tools. Indicators were established as a table tool through zonal statistics, and a field survey was also undertaken to measure the Sky-Glow of Lahore with Sky Quality Meter-L. The results suggest that from 2012 to 2019, light pollution rose by 23.43 percent. Results suggest that around 53.99% of Lahore suffered from light pollution. The number of lights in Lahore has increased by 161.82 percent between 2012 and 2019. In the study period, the mean night light and the standard night light deviation were 127.87 and 98.22 percent, respectively. Lahore's night sky was heavily polluted by light. Lahore's average skylight is 17.15 meters above sea level, which means low quality skies at night. This research aims to provide people an insight into light pollution and the causes of local light pollution. Furthermore, this study aims to enhance public attention to light pollution mitigation attempts by governments and politicians.

Landscapes of rizq: Mediating worldly and otherworldly in Lahore's speculative real estate market

The city of Lahore, Pakistan, has expanded by 20% in the past twenty years alone. Lahore's exponential growth is fueled by a speculative real estate market that incentivizes quick trades of plots of land rather than constructing buildings. At the city's ever‐expanding periphery, real estate developers armed with village maps and legal teams scout for cheap land, while agricultural landowners negotiate within extended families over whether to sell and demand higher prices based on their knowledge of market rates. In WhatsApp groups, overseas Pakistani investors carefully monitor land acquisition efforts by sharing news articles, personal photos and videos, Google Earth images, and copies of government documents to make their own assessments about the value of land. But although real estate is the most popular financial investment in Lahore, it is also extraordinarily risky. Developers sell land before they have acquired it; investors make high‐risk, high‐reward purchases in illegal projects; and even gains become losses due to an unstable national currency. On the basis of twenty‐eight months of ethnographic fieldwork, this article analyzes how developers and investors navigate risk through the concept of rizq, or the Islamic belief that material wealth is provided by God. I show how rizq mediates the worldly economy of real estate and the otherworldly economy of Islam, dual economies between which all credits and debts are eventually settled. Reducible to neither Islam nor capitalism, I argue that rizq enables a uniquely audacious form of risk taking that is transforming the landscape of Lahore.

Application of Language Politeness in Learning Activities at School

Language politeness really needs to be shown and maintained in society because it is a characteristic of the human in all nations. Language politeness needs to be applied in all aspects of life. One of the important places to apply language politeness is in teaching and learning activities in schools. This research was conducted in a junior high school in Lahore city. Participants were 30 students of the VIII grade who were involved in learning activities with a teacher. The researchers found that in learning activities, all positive elements are very important to be applied. This is important because teaching and learning activities are the spearhead in instilling positive values ​​from teachers to students, students to teachers, and students to students. For this reason, teaching and learning activities or processes should be able to run with full politeness which is manifested through the language used. Language politeness in teaching and learning activities will have a positive impact on students’ views of teachers, teachers to students, and students to students.

Effect of Physical Therapy Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis with and without Wedge Insole: Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of physical therapy treatment in knee osteoarthritis with and without wedge support.Methods: This randomized controlled trail was conducted at Outpatient Department of Physical Therapy, Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Mid City Hospital, Lahore. Eighty patients with knee osteoarthritis were selected using a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly allocated in two treatment groups; Group A (Routine physiotherapy treatment) and Group B (Routine physiotherapy with wedge insole). Outcome were recorded at the start and at the end of treatment at 3 weeks in terms of pain and disability as recorded on Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) respectively. The collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v25 with p value < 0.05 as significant.Results: At the end of the third week, there was a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in terms of VAS (Mean Difference 1.55; p value 0.05) and WOMAC (Mean Difference 5.53; p value 0.0001). A statistically significant difference in before and after treatment VAS and WOMAC score was also noted within each group with p value <0.0001.Conclusion: In comparison to conventional physical therapy alone, adding wedge insoles to the routine physical therapy treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis results in better pain relief and function improvement.

Analysis of Driver’s Socioeconomic Characteristics Relating to Speeding Behavior and Crash Involvement: A Case Study in Lahore

Speeding is one of the risky behaviors which results in accident involvement causing fatalities and severe injuries. This paper aimed to identify the significant socio-economic characteristics of drivers concerning their speeding behavior and crash involvement. A questionnaire was designed consisting of driver’s demographic features, involvement in an accident, penalty on speed violations, and statements on speeding behavior in terms of exceeding the speed limits by 10 km/h or more on roads with different speed limits of 60, 80, 100, and 120 km/h per standard operating speeds on various road types in Pakistan. This survey was conducted in Lahore city and a total of 551 usable samples were obtained. A latent variable of drivers’ speeding behavior was introduced; factor loadings were estimated, and an observed variable of drivers’ crash experience was defined as the drivers’ crash involvement. Ordered regression analysis using the probit function was conducted on speeding behavior and crash involvement. The ordinal analysis revealed that the drivers’ age, gender, marital status, employment, vehicle engine size, type of vehicle they drive, and driving frequency per day are good predictors of speeding behavior. Similarly, male drivers’ age, vehicle engine size, and type of vehicle they drive were significant predictors of their likelihood to be involved in an accident. The young, single, and male drivers and drivers of cars with an engine capacity above 1.5 L were more likely to speed and be involved in crashes. These findings provide a clear understanding of a specific group of drivers who have a higher probability of speeding and crash involvement. There is a need to focus on specific demographic factors in the formulation of traffic safety policies and managing speedy drivers’ behaviors.

Frequency of Meningitis in Neonates with Late Onset Sepsis in Sharif Medical City

Background: Bacterial sepsis and meningitis continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, particularly in premature infants. The present study was undertaken to know the incidence of meningitis in neonates with late onset sepsis. Aim: To determine the frequency of meningitis in neonates with late onset sepsis. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in department of pediatrics at sharif medical city Lahore, from 09-12-2019 to 08-06-2020. One hundred and forty four (144) neonates with late onset sepsis fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in study. Meningitis was confirmed on lumbar puncture and managed as per hospital protocol. Mean & sd were presented for age, gender, duration of complain and weight. Frequency and percentage were computed for gender and meningitis. Results: Mean age, weight and duration of symptoms in infants with late onset sepsis were 19.50±0.12 days, 3.97±1.17 kg and 4.05±1.98 days. Majority of infants were male i.e. 63.89% (m:f;1:1.7). Mean wbc count of the infants with late onset sepsis was 29.78±9.32.majority of infants had less than 75% neutrophils (68.05%), positive crp (91.67%) and negative blood culture test (52.78%). Frequency of meningitis in neonates with late onset sepsiswas 34.02%. Conclusions: frequency of meningitis in neonates with late onset sepsis was high i.e. 34.02%. Key words: Meningitis; neonates; late onset sepsis

An Improved Model for Short Term load forecasting and Price Forecasting using Novel Machine learning for various areas of Lahore Pakistan

The economy relies on accurate projections of power usage. Accurate predictions of power consumption are essential for supply-side policymakers. In contrast, when there is a lack of data and considerations, it might be difficult to make accurate predictions. Consequently, using the original data sequence, we developed the DCOGM forecasting model, which combines data transformation with background value interpolation optimization (1,1). To test the accuracy of DCOGM (1,1) in simulation and prediction, two case studies are conducted. Most existing enhanced grey models do not do as well in forecasting as DCOGM (1,1) does, according to the data DCOGM is used to estimate Pakistan's Lahore City's overall energy consumption from 2017 to 2021. (1,1). According to the DCOGM (1,1) model, Lahore's demand for energy will increase over the next four years, comparing to those other grey adjustment models and the regular GM (1,1). It is possible to employ DCOGM (1,1) as a short-term forecasting approach in addition to other forecasting challenges with a limited number of data points.

Towards Foreign Tourist at Heritage Sites Using GIS: A Case Study of Lahore

Pakistan is potentially a good tourist destination for cultural and heritage overs because the Indus and Gandhara Civilizations, and a great Mughals heritage also exists in Pakistan particularly in Lahore city. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in modern world. This study is based on the number of foreign tourist who visited the heritage sites of Lahore. The purpose of the study is to examine the number of foreign tourist who visited the heritage sites of the Lahore at Shalimar Gardens, Lahore Fort and Lahore Museum and to find the tourism trend in Lahore whether it is declining or growing high. The secondary source of data was used and data was collected from archeology department, Lahore Museum and Pakistan Year Book of Statics 2014. Tools used for research purpose were Microsoft excel, Microsoft word and ARC GIS. The number of foreign tourists that visited Lahore fort were highest in 2006 i.e. 21,178 this is the highest number of tourists who visited Lahore Fort in 15 years and 2906 lowest number of foreign tourist who visited Lahore fort, at Shalimar Gardens highest number of foreign tourists was 8558 in 2000 and the lowest number was 309 in 2013 and at Lahore Museum in 7242 tourists is the highest number of Foreign tourist who visited museum in 2000 and the lowest number of foreign tourists that visited Lahore Museum was 1825 in 2010. The trend of foreign tourism in Lahore is declining after the incident of nine eleven due to terrorism. But now with the efforts of government and work of Walled city authority foreign tourism industry is growing in Lahore as it is the Queen of cities having major and attractive heritage places for tourist.

Travellers’ perceptions about ride-hailing services in Lahore: An extension of the theory of planned behavior

The emergence of ride-hailing services has helped in providing on-demand and flexible mobility choices to the riders. In this research study, a questionnaire was designed based on the variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This survey was conducted in Lahore city and a total of 531 samples were collected. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) methods. Results revealed that there is a significant change in model split after the emergence of ride-hailing services as many people have started using ride-hailing services. The reliability of the TPB variables was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha value i.e., more than 0.7 for all the variables of TPB. The attitudes, SN, and PBC are significant predictors of behavioral intentions. The PBC is directly and negatively correlated with behavior which depicts that the traveler's perceived difficulty has a negative influence on their behavioral outcomes. These significant results implicate that affordability, service flexibility, female safety and security, presence of relevant regulations, driver's attitude, and service temporal and spatial coverage are important dimensions of service quality for improvement. The safety and security aspects can be enhanced by regulating ride-hailing services through proper regulations and providing operational guidelines to the service providers.

Impact of Land Uses on Drinking Water Quality in Selected Areas of Lahore City

Impact of Land Uses on Drinking Water Quality in Selected Areas of Lahore City

CRISPR-Cas System: An Adaptive Immune System's Association with Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis.

Several factors are involved in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pose a serious threat to public health safety. Among them, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat- (CRISPR-) Cas system, an adaptive immune system, is thought to be involved in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The current study was aimed at determining not only the presence of antibiotic resistance and CRISPR-Cas system but also their association with each other in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from the commercial poultry. A total of 139 samples were collected from poultry birds sold at the live bird markets of Lahore City, and both phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to determine antimicrobial resistance. The presence of the CRISPR-Cas system was determined by PCR, followed by sequencing. All isolates of S. enteritidis (100%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, whereas 95% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Five multidrug-resistant isolates (MDR) such as S. enteritidis isolate (S. E1, S. E2, S. E4, S. E5, and S. E8) were found in the present study. The CRISPR-Cas system was detected in all of these MDR isolates, and eight spacers were detected within the CRISPR array. In addition, an increased expression of CRISPR-related genes was observed in the standard strain and MDR S. enteritidis isolates. The association of the CRISPSR-Cas system with multiple drug resistance highlights the exogenous acquisition of genes by horizontal transfer. The information could be used further to combat antibiotic resistance in pathogens like Salmonella.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IN THE PANIC BULK BUYING OF GROCERIES ITEMS AND SANITARY PRODUCTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Coronavirus or Covid-19 is a global pandemic that took million of lives all around the world and put all the world economies on a brink of collapse and a major factor in causing this panic situation was of Social Media Platforms because people all around the world started sharing news related to covid-19 on Social Media Platforms without fact checking it and by doing so it created fear and panic among the people of the world and it caused a lot of people to go in a frenzy situation, people started taking impulsive decisions and that is the reason people all rused towards the nearest grocery stores, supermarkets, pharmacies and medical equipment stores to stockup on essential and non-essential grocery items and sanitary products because they thought that their respected governments will put the lockdown on all of the county and then who know when they will get these supplies and the purpose of this study was to find out the role of Social Media Platforms in the Panic Bulk Buying of Groceries Items and Sanitary Products during the Covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Size of sample taken was of 436 individuals and the data was gathered through Google Forms and data collection was done in the cities of Karachi, Islamabad and Lahore. questionnaires were designed with the help of five-point Likert scale and dichotomous questions from previous researches. reliability of this model showed the strong consistency of the responses. spss software was used for testing the data by applying regression and correlation tests and the results signified that there is a significant impact of social media platforms on panic bulk buying of grocery items, panic bulk buying of sanitary products and herd mentality in the presence of the covid-19 pandemic.

Benefits of Implementing Single National Curriculum in Special Schools of Lahore city for Children with Intellectual Disability: Teachers’ Perception

Benefits of Implementing Single National Curriculum in Special Schools of Lahore city for Children with Intellectual Disability: Teachers’ Perception

The Culture of Lahore in Urdu Novel: A Research Study

There is major difference of culture in urban and rural life of Punjab During analysis, it reveals that this difference in culture exists in past and presenet. Most of the novel writers focused only Lahore in their novels and other urban areas were symoblized through the major city. Historical importance of gates, bazars buildings, roads and gardens of Lahore city apparently seen in biage analysis of urban culture.