Lahore City Research Articles

Media Exposure and Thinking Formation of Public Sector University Students about Democracy: A Survey of Lahore City

Media Exposure and Thinking Formation of Public Sector University Students about Democracy: A Survey of Lahore City

Prevalence of Severe Anemia among Pregnant Females and Factors Associated With Anemia in Pregnancy

Background: According to World health organization anemia is most common among females during pregnancy and child birth. Maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality is high due to anemia in pregnancy as it is a contributing factor in poor pregnancy outcome. It is the main cause of maternal death, almost 29% of women die due to anemia in pregnancy. Half of the maternal mortality causes are related to anemia in pregnancy either directly or indirectly. What so ever is the cause of anemia in pregnancy, its management is important for mother and child health. The consequences of anemia have serious health implications especially among pregnant females. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted to find prevalence of anemia during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and factors related to cause of anemia. A total of 340 pregnant females of government and private hospitals of Lahore city during the period from February 2017 to August 2018 were included in study after sample size calculation through convenient sampling. Sociodemographic, economic status, education level, number of children born to females and gestational period were the factors that were studied among anemic pregnant females. Data analysis was done and frequencies of continuous variables and descriptive analysis for categorical variables were determined. Prevalence of anemia was determined by multinomial logistic regression. Results: Our study showed females were with mean age 27.9 (±SD=5.4) and in age group 31-39 years (53.8%) were more anemic during pregnancy as compared to females <30 years of age. Most of the females (67.1%) were housewives and had primary level of education (49.1%). Among these females (30%) were with mild anemia, (53.5%) were with moderate anemia and (16.5%) were with severe anemia. The mean hemoglobin level was 9.8g/dl (SD=±1.6). Among pregnant females 152(45%) were anemic during third trimester of pregnancy. Result showed 167(48.8%) females were anemic having children > 3. Sociodemographic factors, education level, number of children born to female, economic status all were significantly associated with moderate anemia during pregnancy (p=0.00). Conclusion: Our study showed that although the prevalence of anemia is more among pregnant females but the severe anemia was less. So, it is a preventable health problem which can be controlled by different public health approaches to reduce the burden of disease on the health system. The strategies to control anemia in reproductive age women is important to prevent it among pregnant women. the early diagnosis and immediate correction of anemia is important to reduce the complications of pregnancy and its poor outcome. Early identification of factors is significantly important in managing the problem. Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, prevalence of anemia, gestational period.

Water Consumption Behavior of Households in Lahore

This paper focuses on the water consumption behaviour of residents of Lahore city. The consumption behaviour is linked with the attitude and meter tariff. Attitude is an internal trait of people while meter tariff is an external factor. Both influence consumption behaviour. There is a positive association between the independent and dependent variables. The policymakers can control water consumption by focusing on the attitude of people towards water consumption. The present attitude type of the people is anti-environment. The explanatory approach is used for the analysis and interpretation of data. The theory provided a systematic way for the analysis of the problem. This paper unfolds the perspective in the context of Lahore.
 Keywords: Domestic, Water Consumption, Attitude, Meter Tariff, Policymakers

The primary caregiver’s stress: its correlation with the chronological and diagnostic age of children with autism spectrum disorder

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Autism is a neurodevelopmental and heterogeneous disorder that affects people of all ages; also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nurturing these children puts a tremendous burden on the primary caregivers. It may be due to some compelling reasons, including existential concerns to unknown etiology of autism and lack of understanding of its nature. The aim of the study was to evaluate the stress level in the primary caregivers and its relationship with child’s chronological and diagnosis age.</p>
 <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study included 96 primary caregivers (mothers, fathers, siblings, and grandparents) of children diagnosed with ASD reporting at government and non-government institutes of Lahore city. The childhood autism rating scale was used to confirm the diagnosis of autistic children. The parent stress scale was used to evaluate stress levels in primary caregivers.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the autistic children was 5.1 ± 2.5 years, while the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 3.2 ± 1.1 years. The mean stress score was recorded as 52.3 ± 7.3, with the range of 36.0-70.0. No correlation (r = 0.015) was observed between stress score of primary caregivers and duration after diagnosis of autism in these children. However, negative associations (r = -0.044) were seen between primary caregiver’s stress and child’s chronological age.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The majority of primary caregivers indicated bearing a significant level of stress, especially in managing the child in earlier years after diagnosis. Appropriate education, counseling, and rehabilitation services may play an important role in reducing the anxiety and stress over time in caregivers as the child’s age increases.</p>

Antibiotics prescribing practices for sore throat in a sub-urban primary care clinic

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the serious health problems in Pakistan. Excessive use of antibiotics during pandemics has aggravated AMR; hence, rational use in the future is even more important to consider and implement. Clinical audits on antibiotic prescribing in general practice can help improve antimicrobial stewardship. This study was designed as an audit to evaluate if the antibiotics prescribed for Streptococcus pharyngitis at a sub-urban primary care center in Pakistan were in line with the standard and latest guidelines.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective audit was carried out at the primary care center located at Nainsukh, Lahore, Pakistan during 1 month period. Both adult and pediatric patients (above 3 years of age) presenting with upper respiratory tract infections were included in the study. A total of 48 consultation cards were identified using International Classification of Diseases 10 coding. The antibiotic prescribing practice of primary care physicians was evaluated against the Modified Centor Criteria (MCC) which was used as a standard. A score of ≤3 required no antibiotic whereas a score of ≥ 3 needed a same-day antibiotic prescription for sore throat.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> There were 28 (58.3%) patients presenting with MCC of ≤3 and were not given antibiotics. Antibiotic prescriptions issued on the day of presentation were n = 20; however, only n = 7 (35%) met the standard criteria, i.e., MCC score of ≥3 and among these patients, penicillin remained the first choice with 71% patients receiving amoxicillin, while 28% received co-amoxiclav.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Antibiotic stewardship is lacking among general physicians working at the sub-urban primary health care center in Lahore city. Clinical audits, as a part of clinical governance, may help improving the quality of care provided to the community by the regional primary health care physicians.</p>

Establishment of Wolbachia infection in Aedes aegypti from Pakistan via embryonic microinjection and semi-field evaluation of general fitness of resultant mosquito population

BackgroundDengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is mainly spread by Aedes aegypti. It is prevalent on five continents, predominantly in tropical and sub-tropical zones across the world. Wolbachia bacteria have been extensively used in vector control strategies worldwide. The focus of the current study was to obtain a natural population of Ae. aegypti harbouring Wolbachia and to determine the impact of this bacteria on the new host in a semi-field environment.MethodsWolbachia-infected Aedes albopictus was collected from the city of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, and Wolbachia were successfully introduced into laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti via embryonic microinjection. The stable vertical transmission of wAlbB in the host population was observed for eight generations, and the impact of Wolbachia on the general fitness of the host was evaluated in semi-field conditions.ResultsIn the laboratory and semi-field experiments, wAlbB Wolbachia presented a strong cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) effect, evidenced as zero egg hatching, in crosses between Wolbachia-infected males and wild (uninfected) females of Ae. aegypti. Wolbachia infection had no noticeable impact on the general fitness (P > 0.05), fecundity, body size (females and males) and mating competitiveness of the new host, Ae. aegypti. However, there was a significant decrease in female fertility (egg hatch) (P < 0.001). In addition, under starvation conditions, there was a remarkable decrease (P < 0.0001) in the life span of Wolbachia-infected females compared to uninfected females (4 vs. > 5 days, respectively).ConclusionsWolbachia strain wAlbB has a great potential to control the dengue vector in Ae. aegypti populations by producing 100% CI with a limited burden on its host in natural field conditions. This strain can be used as a biological tool against vector-borne diseases.Graphical

Prevalence of Neck pain and its effects on Quality of life of Software Engineers in Lahore

Background: Neck pain is a sensation of discomfort in the dorsal and lateral side of cervical spine due to postural or mechanical faults. It affects health - status, work productivity and multiple interventions are used to treat neck pain. Aim: To check the prevalence of neck pain, its effects on quality of life of software engineers of Lahore city. Methodology: This was an observational study Cross-sectional survey. Three hundred and thirty eight participants with minimum one year of job experience in software house were included in the study. Neck pain disability and quality of life were observed by using NDI and SF-12 respectively. Data was entered and analyzed by SSS 22.0.s Results: Results showed the prevalence as mild, moderate, severe and complete neck pain disability in software engineers was 150(44.38%), 68(20.12%), 19(5.62%) and 3(0.89%) respectively and 98(28.99%) participants were without neck pain. There are more male participants 86(25.44%) without neck pain than female participants 12(3.55%) without neck pain. Neck pain showed no significant association with age of software engineers because p &gt; 0.05 in chi-square test. There were fewer participants with excellent and poor physical health 8.28% and 10.36% respectively. Conclusion: Neck pain is common in software engineers of Lahore city. Neck pain is more prevalent in female software engineers as compared to male. Severe neck pain declined their Physical health and complete neck pain caused disability. They are facing the physical health issues with resulting limitations in their routine office work, physical activities and social activities. Neck pain is associated with gender and physical health of software engineers. Keywords: Neck pain, quality of life, software engineers, Lahore city

Rainfall Prediction System Using Machine Learning Fusion for Smart Cities.

Precipitation in any form—such as rain, snow, and hail—can affect day-to-day outdoor activities. Rainfall prediction is one of the challenging tasks in weather forecasting process. Accurate rainfall prediction is now more difficult than before due to the extreme climate variations. Machine learning techniques can predict rainfall by extracting hidden patterns from historical weather data. Selection of an appropriate classification technique for prediction is a difficult job. This research proposes a novel real-time rainfall prediction system for smart cities using a machine learning fusion technique. The proposed framework uses four widely used supervised machine learning techniques, i.e., decision tree, Naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, and support vector machines. For effective prediction of rainfall, the technique of fuzzy logic is incorporated in the framework to integrate the predictive accuracies of the machine learning techniques, also known as fusion. For prediction, 12 years of historical weather data (2005 to 2017) for the city of Lahore is considered. Pre-processing tasks such as cleaning and normalization were performed on the dataset before the classification process. The results reflect that the proposed machine learning fusion-based framework outperforms other models.

Factors That Influence User Adoption of E-Government Services: The Case of the Online Tax Filing and Payment System

The Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) of the Pakistani government created an e-tax filing facility in 2005 to make it easier for taxpayers to file their tax returns online. Online tax returns are seen as quick, simple and cost-effective. In this paper, we describe the purpose of the tax filer to utilise the e-tax filing system theoretically after fifteen years of implementation in Pakistan, as explained in this paper by the researcher data was collected from 250 e-tax filing portal users located within the city of Lahore. The results show that subjective norm and attitude towards using e-tax filing portal are associated with intention to use significantly. At present, FBR is making considerable efforts to promote the use of electronic filing systems. This study may help the FBR develop a more efficient scheme for increasing the use of electronic filing among Pakistani taxpayers. Limits and future instructions are provided at the conclusion of the essay.

Public Awareness and Knowledge of Oral Cancer and its Risk Factors in Lahore City, Pakistan

Objective: The goal of our study is to assess the general public's knowledge and awareness related to oral cancer, its risk factors, and attitude regarding early diagnosis in Lahore city. Material and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in Lahore City Pakistan in March 2021.Four hundred and twenty-five questionnaires were distributed among Lahore city population and 385 participants responded. Conventional sampling technique was used for participant’s selection. Written inform consent was taken from all participants. Participants greater than 15-year-old were taken in this study. Result: Out of 385 participants 64.2% participants were male and 35.8% were female.10.4 % participants were uneducated and 34.2% participants were graduated.23.3 % participants were smokers.68.9% responders had heard about oral cancer and 31.1 % had not heard about oral cavity cancer.58.5% participants consider that oral cancer can be avoided while 48.7% participants consider that oral cancer is not curable .81.2 % participants said that smoking is a main risk factor for oral cancer and 62.2% participants consider relationship between Alcohol and oral cancer while 22.3% consider no relationship between them. 38.9 %, 25.4%and 39.4% participants were able to identify old age, diet, and sunlight are causative agents of oral cancer respectively .51% participants think that they will go for diagnosis if they find any minor lesion in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION: The current study concluded that people living in Lahore city have a knowledge and awareness about oral cancer and also they think that tobacco and smoking are main risk factors for oral cancer while they have inadequate knowledge about certain risk factors like diet, old age and sunlight. We also recognize that only 51 % people will go for early diagnosis if they found a lesion in the oral cavity. So the cancer prevention educational program in public can increase awareness regarding oral cancer.

Exploring COVID-19 incidence hotspot in Metropolitan area of Pakistan using geo-statistical approach: a study of Lahore city

Globally, COVID-19 is a top level public health concern. This paper is an attempt to identify and assess COVID-19 incidence hotspots in Metropolitan area of Pakistan using geo-statistical approach. The study is based on secondary data. The COVID-19 confirmed cases record (15/03/2020 to 15/04/2020) of entire Metropolitan area is obtained from hospitals and National Institute of Health website. Point-level geo-coding technique was applied on patient’s record and the relative location was converted into absolute location. Getis-Ord Gi* statistical model was applied in ArcGIS 10.3 to calculate Z-score and P values for each point location representing the COVID-19 incidence intensity. Then inverse distance weighted technique of spatial interpolation was applied on Z-score and spatial clusters of crime were geo-visualized in the form hotspot and cold spot. Spatially, more than 50% of land area of Allama Iqbal, Samanabad, Gulburg and Cantonment is covered by very high incidence zone which is surrounded by high incidence zone whereas Ravi, Shalimar, and north of Wagha and Aziz Bhatti towns are located in very low incidence zone. This study provides a suitable methodological framework for identification and analysis infectious disease hotspots. The study can also facilitate health and related authorities to fight war against COVID-19. Similarly, it can help policy makers to manage the movement of travelers and restrict social interaction.

OSTRACISM AS PREDICTOR OF SUBJECTIVE WELL- BEING IN TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY

Transgender people face many psychological problems due to not fitting into the binary categories (men and women) in Pakistani society. The current study aimed to explore the role of ostracism in subjective well-being (like life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) among transgender. The correlational research design was used in the present study. Through purposive and snowball sampling techniques, the 109 transgender sample was selected from Faisalabad and Lahore city. Urdu versions of the General Ostracism Scale, negative and positive affect scale and satisfaction with life scale were used as study measures. Data were analyzed through pearson product moment correlation, linear regression analysis and Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVA). The results on correlation analysis show a significant positive relationship between ostracism and the subjective well-being component of negative affect. The findings on linear regression analysis revealed that ostracism was a significant positive predictor of negative affect in the transgender sample accounting for 11% of the variance in the model. The results on MANOVA showed substantial differences in life satisfaction and positive affect in terms of education levels. The current study findings can be utilized in various NGOs and mental health settings. They can teach the transgender community different coping strategies to deal with ostracism that will improve the levels of transgender's overall subjective well-being. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 23(4) April, 2022; 1-10.

Out of motherland, in to(wards) homeland: Partition and the everyday(ness) of dis-placement in This is Not that Dawn (2015)

This article analyses the critically-acclaimed, two-volume novel on India’s Partition, This is Not that Dawn (“Dawn”) written by Yashpal. Set in the pre-and-post-Partition cities of Lahore and Delhi, amongst others, Dawn provides a mimetic portrayal of the experiences of millions who found themselves out of motherland and in towards a new homeland with the Partition of India in 1947. The narrative assessment presented here chiefly underlines the place-based experiences that emerge as Dawn’s characters demonstrate intentional engagement with displacement in their everyday lives. Their evolving situatedness and sense of belonging show that displacement is enacted through/with/in/against place, where place is not only a location and a socio-spatial positionality but also that which conditioned the possibility for the characters to be oriented in and experience the world. By evaluating select literary narrations of such experiences in Dawn, this article uses literary geography as a means to arrive at an alternative epistemology to understanding displacement as a mode of being-in-place. Contextually, this article adds to the burgeoning interest in Indian Partition within geography by looking at the everyday(ness) of displacement in this “nation-forming” event.

Perceived health status of geriatric population living in old age homes and their access to health care facilities

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and Objective&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;:&lt;/em&gt; The elderly face various health challenges in later life as their immune defenses deteriorate leaving them quite vulnerable and frail. The situation becomes all the more desperate when the basic health support system is compromised or simply unavailable. This study has been conducted to assess the perceived health status of residents of local old-age homes and their access to available health services.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This cross-sectional study was carried out on 119 elderly subjects living in old age homes (OAHs) in Lahore city of Pakistan. Using the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire, health-related outcomes of the geriatric population were assessed under eight domains while a self-structured questionnaire was used to determine the level of available health care facilities.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The mean age of the study population was 69.88 &amp;plusmn; 5.08 years The lowest mean score is observed in the pain domain i.e., 19.20 &amp;plusmn; 12.12, whereas a little better score has been seen for emotional well-being i.e., (58.28 &amp;plusmn; 26.58). Insufficient health care services have been regarded as a major issue for the elderly face in OAHs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The elderly population living in OAHs suffer from poor health status and face multiple barriers to accessing basic health care facilities.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Physical Therapy Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis with and without Wedge Insole: Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of physical therapy treatment in knee osteoarthritis with and without wedge support.Methods: This randomized controlled trail was conducted at Outpatient Department of Physical Therapy, Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Mid City Hospital, Lahore. Eighty patients with knee osteoarthritis were selected using a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly allocated in two treatment groups; Group A (Routine physiotherapy treatment) and Group B (Routine physiotherapy with wedge insole). Outcome were recorded at the start and at the end of treatment at 3 weeks in terms of pain and disability as recorded on Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) respectively. The collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v25 with p value &lt; 0.05 as significant.Results: At the end of the third week, there was a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in terms of VAS (Mean Difference 1.55; p value 0.05) and WOMAC (Mean Difference 5.53; p value 0.0001). A statistically significant difference in before and after treatment VAS and WOMAC score was also noted within each group with p value &lt;0.0001.Conclusion: In comparison to conventional physical therapy alone, adding wedge insoles to the routine physical therapy treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis results in better pain relief and function improvement.

Awareness and Practices of Patients Regarding Oral Hygiene Visiting Dental OPD Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore

Background: Oral cavity related disorders are a serious public health issue because they have a direct influence on the person’s quality of life and add load to healthcare setup. The current study was done to assess the oral hygiene knowledge and routine followed by the habitants of Lahore city. Aim: To assess the oral health awareness, and practices in patients coming dental OPD Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore Methodology: This study was conducted among participants coming dental OPD of Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from March to August 2021. A questionnaire was given to all visited patients. The patients from both rural as well as urban background were selected. Results: The outcomes of the study revealed 35% people brush their teeth and 15% use miswak for cleaning, 5% use charcoal while 40% are not bothered about oral hygiene and hence do not clean their teeth at all. Majority of the subjects (80%) go to the dentist in case any dental issue occurs. Conclusion: There is absence of oral health awareness, inadequate knowledge of oral cleanliness practices and their outcome on general wellbeing. There is an imperative necessity for elaborated awareness plans to encourage healthy oral health among general population. Keywords: Awareness, practice, oral hygiene.

COVID-19 persuaded lockdown impact on local environmental restoration in Pakistan.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic adversely affected human beings. The novel coronavirus has claimed millions of lives all over the globe. Most countries around the world, including Pakistan, restricted people’s social activities and ordered strict lockdowns throughout the country, to control the fatality of the novel coronavirus. The persuaded lockdown impact on the local environment was estimated. In the present study, we assessed air quality changes in four cities of Pakistan, namely Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, and Peshawar, based on particulate matter (PM2.5), using “Temtop Airing 1000,” which is capable of detecting and quantifying PM2.5. The Air Quality Index (AQI) was evaluated in three specific time spans: the COVID-19 pandemic pre- and post-lockdown period (January 1, 2020 to March 20, 2020, and May 16, 2020 to June 30, 2020 respectively), and the COVID-19 pandemic period (March 21 2020 to May 15, 2020). We compared land-monitored AQI levels for the above three periods of time. For validation, air quality was navigated by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite during the first semester (January 1 to June 30) of 2019 and 2020. It is seen that the concentration of PM2.5 was considerably reduced in 2020 (more than 50%), ranging from ~ 0.05 to 0.3 kg⋅m3, compared to the same period in 2019. The results revealed that the AQI was considerably reduced during the lockdown period. This finding is a very promising as the inhabitants of the planet Earth can be guaranteed the possibility of a green environment in the future.

The Gender Difference In Students-Teachers Interaction At University Level: A Quantitative Analysis

The teaching profession is known worldwide as a respectful profession as teachers play a key role in preparing the country’s future generations. In this context, a quantitative cross-sectional research design with a survey was carried out to find out the gender-specific differences in the perception of students. The structured student questionnaire on student-teacher interaction (QTI) by Nugent (2009) was used to gather data. To this end, 300 students were selected (150 male and 150 female students) from various disciplines from a public university in the city of Lahore through a convenient sampling technique. The results revealed the gender-specific differences in the interaction between teachers and students; it was found that male teachers are significantly higher in their attitude and attention-holding skills compared to female teachers. The outcomes of the research could be utilized to formulate some interventions to improve the quality of interaction between students and teachers to make the classroom environment mutually beneficial for both.

Perception of Physiotherapists of Lahore, Pakistan about the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Short and Long Term Pain Management

To determine the knowledge about TENS usage among professional physical therapists of Lahore city. Methods: In this study cross sectional survey was conducted in Physiotherapy department of UOL Teaching Hospital, CMH, Ghurki Teaching Hospital and Social Security Hospital, Lahore. The sample size of 117physical therapist participated in this study. Questionnaire was used to determine response of participants. Results: 117 questionnaires were filled by physical therapists, using electrotherapy (TENS) in their setup. Only 81.2% physical therapist found TENS effective as a sole treatment for acute pain, while 36.8% founds it effective as a sole treatment for chronic pain. Physical therapists 70% in Lahore prefer using gels/lotions with TENS about for prolonged relief. Majority of physical therapists (84.6%) were satisfied with the effectiveness of TENS applying with other modalities. Conclusion: TENS is frequently used among Physical Therapist aged more than 26 years. Most of physical therapist found it effective for both short and long term care. Physical therapist were frequently using it for the management of frozen shoulder pain.

Analysis of the Influential Factors towards Adoption of Car-Sharing: A Case Study of a Megacity in a Developing Country

Motorization has been escalating rapidly in developing countries, posing a severe challenge to sustainable urban mobility. In the past two decades, car-sharing has emerged as one of the most prominent alternatives to facilitate smart mobility solutions, thereby helping to reduce air pollution and traffic congestion. However, before its full-scale deployment, it is essential to understand the consumers’ acceptance of car-sharing systems. This study aimed to assess the public perception and acceptance of the car-sharing system through a stated preference (SP) questionnaire in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. The collected data contained detailed information on various service attributes of three alternative modes (car-sharing, private car, and taxi) in addition to the sociodemographic attributes of respondents. Data analysis and interpretation were performed using econometric models such as the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL), the Nested Logit Model (NL), and the Random Parameter Logit Model (RPL). Study findings revealed that several generic attributes such as travel time, travel cost, waiting time, and privacy were predicated as significant influential factors towards the adoption of car-sharing. Sociodemographic attributes, including age, education, monthly income, the individuals who had driver’s licenses, and frequency of travel in a week, were also found to be significant. The findings of the current study can provide valuable insights to stakeholders and transportation planners in formulating effective policies for car-sharing.