Abstract
This paper aims to identify commuters’ perceptions towards the metro-bus service system considering various social constraints, mobility incentives and restrictions, and personal norms. A questionnaire survey was designed, which consisted of the personal information of respondents, travel properties, and preferences with the metro-bus system. This survey was conducted in Lahore city, and a total of 333 samples were obtained. The findings of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that the social constraints in traveling, public transport incentives, and specific parking restrictions have a significant influence on commuters’ moral obligations to reduce traffic congestion, mitigate environmental menaces, and protect natural resources. The ANOVA and SEM analysis showed that significant differences exist among low-, middle-, and high-income commuters in terms of their behavioral intentions towards the metro-bus service. These findings implicate that specific incentives on the use of public transport modes and parking restrictions are useful in changing the behavioral intentions of travelers towards transit modes such as the metro-bus service.
Highlights
The unprecedented increase in the urban population and the vehicle ownership and its excessive dependence have increased the travel demand on the urban road network
The government policies to develop and improve the public transport facilities usually help in the model shift and reduce the traffic congestion
The economic disincentives on use of private car and parking restrictions can help reduce the use of private transport and shift people towards public transport
Summary
The unprecedented increase in the urban population and the vehicle ownership and its excessive dependence have increased the travel demand on the urban road network. The public transport system is one of the essential entities of the urban transport system, as the movement of people is mainly determined based on the quality of the transport system. It is believed that individuals’ attitudes and intentions towards public transport policies are controlled and influenced by the socio-demographics of the commuters, and it is a learning process that evolves over time [2,3,4]. Many research studies have revealed that the behavioral intentions to use public transport are mainly influenced by the perceived quality of the transport service, environmental concerns, problem awareness, and sense of responsibility among the commuters about negative outcomes of personalized vehicle use behavior pertinent to the environment and socio-economic factors [5,6,7,8,9]
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