Inhibition Of Cholinesterase Activity Research Articles

Cholinesterase inhibitory activity and regioselective synthesis of spiropyrrolidinoindole integrated ferrocene hybrid heterocycles via multicomponent cycloaddition reaction

A novel spiroheterocyclic hybrid comprising several privileged structures comprising pyrrolidine, quinoxaline, indole and ferrocene moieties were synthesized in good yields in sustainable fashion using [Bmim]Br augmented four component cycloaddition process. A relatively less explored ylide prepared from quinoxalinone and L-tryptophan with diverse ferrocenyl derivatives in ionic liquids afforded spiropyrrolidinoindole tethered ferrocene hybrids. The reaction provides highly regioselective fashion thus created five new bonds and four adjoining stereocenter in single synthetic transformation, thus created with complete diastereomeric control. The cholinesterase inhibitory potency was performed for synthesized compounds against AChE/BChE enzymes. Among them, compound bearing with fluorine substituted heterocycles showed significant activity which is comparable activity with reference standard, galantamine.

Fenpropathrin Induces Oxidative Stress, Inhibits Cholinesterase, and Causes Genotoxicity in <i>Pethia conchonius</i> (Hamilton, 1822)

Pesticide contamination in water bodies is a serious threat to aquatic organisms. Among the new generation pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids enter the aquatic environment from agricultural runoff and are more persistent in aquatic environment. In this study, we investigated the effect of fenpropathrin, a type II pyrethroid, on Pethia conchonius. The median lethal concentration for commercial formulation of fenpropathrin (Danitol®) was determined to be 2.43 μg/L. Based on the median lethal concentration, the fish were exposed to 1/5th (0.486 μg/L) and 1/10th (0.243 μg/L) of median lethal concentrations for 30 days. After the exposure period, antioxidant enzymes status (superoxide dismutase and catalase), oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione) in brain, liver, and kidney, cholinesterase enzyme activity in brain and muscles, and incidences of micronucleus were evaluated. In the treatment groups, alteration in antioxidant enzyme levels were observed in brain, liver, and kidney. Lipid peroxidation, which is indicative of oxidative stress, was observed but did not show much variation. Reduced glutathione was also altered. Cholinesterase activity was significantly different in the brain tissues between control and treatment groups; however, no significant difference was observed between the cholinesterase activities of muscles in control and treatment groups. Micronucleus incidence in treatment groups was higher than that in the control. Our study indicates that fenpropathrin altered the antioxidative enzyme status, inhibited cholinesterase activity in brain, and exhibited potential genotoxic effects in the fish Pethia conchonius.

A New Clerodane from the Leaves of Croton krabas and Its Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities.

Chromatographic separation of the leaves of Croton krabas resulted in the isolation of one new clerodane, crotoeurin D (1), along with two known compounds, 6S-crotoeurin C (2) and blumenol A (3). Their structures were determined based on extensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data analysis and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of the new clerodane was assigned by nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy correlations and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compound 1 exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Moreover, the binding modes of 1 revealed that its structure formed strong hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the active sites of both enzymes.

Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from the bulbs of Crinum latifolium L. and their cholinesterase inhibitory activities

Eleven previously undescribed Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, crinalatifolines A–K (1–11), and two first naturally occurring alkaloids, dihydroambelline (12) and N-demethyldihydrogalanthamine (13), were isolated from the bulbs of Crinum latifolium L. Additionally, thirty-seven known alkaloids and one alkaloid artifact were also isolated from this plant species. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic techniques, including IR, NMR, MS, and ECD. Evaluations of the cholinesterase inhibitory activities of most of these compounds were conducted. Among the tested compounds, ungeremine exhibited the highest potency against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with the IC50 values of 0.10 and 1.21 μM, respectively. These values were 9.4- and 2.4-fold more potent than the reference drug galanthamine.

Mass spectrometry as a tool for the dereplication of specialised metabolites from Pterocaulon angustifolium DC

Pterocaulon genus comprises 26 species, half of them have been phytochemical investigations regarding the chemical composition, and coumarins have been considered the chemotaxonomic markers in the genus. Herein Pterocaulon angustifolium DC (Asteraceae), a native plant from Brazil, is investigated for the first time. Twenty-six compounds were isolated from aerial parts of P. angustifolium DC., being 5 triterpenes, 4 phytosterols, 9 flavonoids, 3 phenolic acids, and 5 coumarins. Moreover, a total of 177 compounds were putatively identified using the dereplication technique by UHPLC-HRMS/MS, more than 50% correspond to flavonoids and coumarins. Although 41 different coumarins have already been reported in Pterocaulon genus, 16 were identified for the first time in this study. Crude ethanolic extract and fractions of P. angustifolium were also biologically investigates, and dichloromethane fraction was the most active fraction in the evaluation of antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cholinesterase inhibitory activities.

Protective effect of Moringa oleifera Crude Leaf Extract on Chlorpyrifos-induced Liver damage in Wistar Albino Rats

Chlorpyrifos is a broad spectrum insecticide that is most frequently used in food production in the European Union (EU) until 2020. This compound exhibits a wide range of biological activity. It is applied in most agricultural products and households to combat pests. Chlorpyrifos acts by inhibiting cholinesterase activity that can lead to the alteration of normal biochemical and physiological conditions of the body. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Crude Leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on Chlorpyrifos induced Liver injury in Wistar Albino Rats. Sixteen (16) Wistar Albino Rats weighing between 100g-250g were divided into four (4) Groups (Grp) of four (4) Rats each. Grp I serves as Normal Control (feed and water ad libitum), Grp II Negative Control (10mg/kg Chlorpyrifos mixed feed), Grp III serves as Extract grp (10mg/kg Moringa oleifera mixed feed) and Grp IV serves as Treatment grp ((10mg/kg Chlorpyrifos + 10mg/kg Moringa oleifera) mixed feed). The feeds were administered in pellets. The experiment lasted for twenty eight (28) days, after which serum was obtained for biochemical parameter (Liver function). Grp II shows an increased liver marker enzymes AST (173.75±21.84μ/L) when compared to Grp I with value of (146.60±21.94μ/L) and Grp III with a value of (140.75±11.12μ/L) and ALT (40.00±5.83 μ/L) compared to grp I and grp III with values of (33.80±4.49μ/L) and (33.25±7.41μ/L) respectively. ALP (Grp II) with a value of (155.00±16.23μ/L) compared to Grp I and Grp III (69.00±24.71μ/L) and (52.00±17.06μ/L) respectively. ALB (30.50±2.08g/L) when compared to Grp I and Grp III shows values of (28.60±2.41g/L) and (29.50±0.58g/L) respectively. There was no significant difference at P˃0.05. However, ALP shows a significantly higher value at P˂0.001. Values for all Liver enzymes were lower with P˃0.05 in Grp IV when compared with Grp II. There is also a reduced feed intake in Grp II at different days with P˃0.05 when compared with Grps III and IV. The Extract was found to have improved the hepatic disorder that was induced by Chlorpyrifos. The result showed some level of hepato-protective activities of Moringa oleifera Crude Leaf extract in Rats exposed to Chlorpyriphos.

Anti-Alzheimer potential of coumarin derivatives: A review

Alzheimer’s is a type of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) found in old age people which main causes the dementia and various brain disorders. FDA approved drugs used commonly in treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease are Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine and Memantine. However, these approved drugs provide only palliative support not complete cure. So, urgency of new molecules has been becoming so important to cure this complex Disease. Coumarin or 2-H-Chromen-2-one is an oxygenated heterocyclic compound, which is isolated from plants named Dipteryx odorata Willd, (Fabaceae). Synthetic coumarin derivatives has been well presence in literature due to existence of their potential pharmacological activities in literature. This review covers the anti-Alzheimer activities of chemically synthesized coumarin derivatives from 2016-2023. Coumarin derivatives profound found exhibits potential anti-Alzheimer activities in literature. Coumarin derivatives showed their anti-Alzheimer potential through various pharmacological pathways such as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) & Butyl cholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activity, Aβ amyloid inhibition, Beta secretase 1 (BACE1 inhibitors). Multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) approach also extensively reported to design and synthesis of novel coumarin scaffold as potential multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer activities in last one decade. We also covered literature of some coumarin hybrids derivatives as potential Anti-Alzheimer activities. Some common synthetic methods of coumarin structure also covered in this review article. This review supported that coumarin derivatives found excellent anti-Alzheimer activities and it can be play major role to solve the problem of complex AD disease.

Discovery of Novel Tryptanthrin Derivatives with Benzenesulfonamide Substituents as Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Based on the multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) approach, two series of tryptanthrin derivatives with benzenesulfonamide substituents were evaluated as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro biological assays indicated most of the derivatives had good cholinesterase inhibitory activity and neuroprotective properties. Among them, the target compound 4h was considered as a mixed reversible dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.04 μM) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, IC50 = 6.11 ± 0.15 μM). And it could also potentially prevent the generation of amyloid plaques by inhibiting self-induced Aβ aggregation (63.16 ± 2.33%). Molecular docking studies were used to explore the interactions of AChE, BuChE, and Aβ. Furthermore, possessing significant anti-neuroinflammatory potency (NO, IL-1β, TNF-α; IC50 = 0.62 ± 0.07 μM, 1.78 ± 0.21 μM, 1.31 ± 0.28 μM, respectively) reduced ROS production, and chelated biometals were also found in compound 4h. Further studies showed that 4h had proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and suitable in vitro metabolic stability. In in vivo study, 4h effectively ameliorated the learning and memory impairment of the scopolamine-induced AD mice model. These findings suggested that 4h may be a promising compound for further development as a multifunctional agent for the treatment of AD.

New benzotriazole-derived α-substituted hemiaminal ethers with enhanced cholinesterase inhibition activity: Synthesis, structural, and biological evaluations

A new series of benzotriazole-derived α-substituted hemiaminal ethers have been synthesized as human cholinesterase (hChE)inhibitors with enhanced activity. The synthesized compounds were extensively characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and SC-XRD studies. All the compounds demonstrated dual inhibition potential against acetyl and butylcholinesterases(AChE and BChE) in the in-vitro studies. Results revealed that compounds carrying the optically active (R)-menthol group demonstrated more activity than the bicyclic (R)-fenchol moiety. For instance, α-butyl-(R)-menthyl-benzotriazole derivative (5a-iii) exhibited the best AChE inhibition with an IC50 value of 44.03 nM, while its α-methyl analog (5a-i) showed promising results against BChE inhibition (IC50 = 80.74 nM). Themolecular modeling study was carried out to assess the binding interactions with the target proteins to rationalize the structural–activity relationship. Subsequently, the stability of the protein–ligand complex was verified through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters further supported the suitability of the new inhibitors as lead compounds for neurological disorders.

Cholinesterase Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Naphtho- and Thienobenzo-Triazole Photoproducts: Experimental and Computational Study.

New 1,2,3-triazolo(thieno)stilbenes were synthesized as mixtures of isomers and efficiently photochemically transformed to their corresponding substituted thienobenzo/naphtho-triazoles in high isolated yields. The resulting photoproducts were studied as acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors without or with interconnected inhibition potential of TNF-α cytokine production. The most promising anti-inflammatory activity was shown again by naphtho-triazoles, with a derivative featuring 4-pentenyl substituents exhibiting notable potential as a cholinesterase inhibitor. To identify interactions between ligands and the active site of cholinesterases, molecular docking was performed for the best potential inhibitors. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to assess and validate the stability and flexibility of the protein-ligand complexes generated through docking.

A Facile Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of New Oxobenzothiophene Grafted Spiropyrrolidine/Pyrrolizidine Hybrids Employing Multicomponent 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Methodology

AbstractA stereo‐, regio‐ and chemoselective synthesis of a series of structurally diverse novel oxobenzothiophene embedded spirooxindolopyrrolidine/pyrrolizidine hybrid heterocycles were achieved in excellent yields by multicomponent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction process. The 1,3‐dipole component employed was generated in situ from isatin and N‐methylglycine/L‐proline while the dipolarophile, ethyl 2‐(3‐oxobenzo[b]thiophen‐2(3H)‐ylidene)acetate was prepared from thiophenol in two good yielding steps. The formation of spiroheterocyclic hybrids occurred through the formation of two C=C and one C−N bonds in a single synthetic transformation. The compounds formed consists of three adjacent stereocenters, out of which two are spirocarbons. The synthesized spiro compounds were assayed for their AChE/BChE inhibitory activity and most of the spirocompounds showed promising cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among them, spiropyrrolidine that substituted with chlorine atom on the oxindole ring displayed significant activity (4.16±0.09 μM) with respect to standard drug, galantamine (2.09±0.11 μM). Molecular modelling simulation was explored for the most potent compound that revealed interesting binding templates to the active site of enzyme.

Study on synthesis of naringenin derivatives and cholinesterase inhibitory activity in marine Chinese medicine

Study on synthesis of naringenin derivatives and cholinesterase inhibitory activity in marine Chinese medicine

Current Issue Archive 31 August 2023, Volume 32 Issue 8Previous Issue Reviews An overview of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens (kushen) with some emphasis on the anticancer properties of kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G Eric Wei Chiang Chan, Ying Ki Ng, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong 2023, 32(8): 603-615. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2023.08.050 Abstract ( 44 ) HTML ( 16) PDF (1967KB) (

Current Issue Archive 31 August 2023, Volume 32 Issue 8Previous Issue Reviews An overview of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens (kushen) with some emphasis on the anticancer properties of kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G Eric Wei Chiang Chan, Ying Ki Ng, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong 2023, 32(8): 603-615. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2023.08.050 Abstract ( 44 ) HTML ( 16) PDF (1967KB) (

Neuroprotective, neurite enhancing, and cholinesterase inhibitory effects of Lamiaceae family essential oils in Alzheimer’s disease model

IntroductionThe present study investigates the cholinesterase inhibitory and neuritogenic activities of selected essential oils from the Lamiaceae family, as well as their neuroprotective and antioxidant potential against scopolamine-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. MethodsThe anticholinesterase activity was analysed using a modified Ellman’s assay. The neuroprotective potential was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified using 2',7’- dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay. A neurite outgrowth assay was employed to evaluate the neuritogenic activity. ResultsOregano leaf (terpineol-type), peppermint leaf, rosemary, and sage essential oils have antibutyrylcholinesterase activity, while oregano leaf (phenol-type) essential oil has both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Pretreatment with lavender flower essential oil (30 µg/mL), linalool, and linalyl acetate for 24 hours protects against scopolamine-induced toxicity. Linalool also displayed a significant decrease in intracellular ROS. The oregano leaf (terpineol-type), peppermint, rosemary, and sage essential oils at 100 µg/mL exhibited neuritogenic activity, with the highest activity being observed with oregano leaf (terpineol-type) essential oil. Discussion/ConclusionsEssential oils from plants of Lamiaceae family displayed anticholinesterase, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and neuritogenic activities. These properties demonstrate their potential as complementary treatments to prevent and/or delay dementia-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Anticholinesterases activity of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. and Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq. essential oils with GC/MS analysis and molecular docking

GC/MS analysis of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. and Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq. leaves revealed the identification of 73 components, with an evident greater contribution of monoterpenes hydrocarbons to their total volatiles. α-Pinene (37.5%) and β-caryophyllene (27.4%) were the most abundant compounds in M. koenigii leaves and β-phellandrene (40.7%) in M. paniculata leaves, using headspace. β-Phellandrene (33.7%) was the major constituent by M. koenigii leaves where germacrene D (23.8%), and δ-elemene (22.0%) were predominant in M. paniculata leaves, using steam distillation. M. koenigii leaves oil showed quite remarkable cholinesterase inhibitory activity, where oil of M. paniculata leaves showed strong inhibitory activity against AChE (IC50=13.2 ± 0.9 µg/mL) and BChE (IC50=5.1 ± 0.3 µg/mL). Germacrene D, α-zingiberene, and δ-elemene showed higher affinity to BChE than AChE as revealed from docking scores (S = −5.65 to −6.03 Kcal/mol) for BChE and (S = −5.56 to −6.25 Kcal/mol) for AChE.

Kinetic Extraction of Fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida Using Ethanol as a Solvent.

Fucoxanthin (Fx) has been proven to exert numerous biological properties, which makes it an interesting molecule with diverse industrial applications. In this study, the kinetic behavior of Fx was studied to optimize three variables: time (t-3 min to 7 days), temperature (T-5 to 85 °C), and concentration of ethanol in water (S-50 to 100%, v/v), in order to obtain the best Fx yield from Undaria pinnatifida using conventional heat extraction. The Fx content (Y1) was found through HPLC-DAD and expressed in µg Fx/g of algae sample dry weight (AS dw). Furthermore, extraction yield (Y2) was also found through dry weight analysis and was expressed in mg extract (E)/g AS dw. The purity of the extracts (Y3) was found and expressed in mg Fx/g E dw. The optimal conditions selected for Y1 were T = 45 °C, S = 70%, and t = 66 min, obtaining ~5.24 mg Fx/g AS; for Y2 were T = 65 °C, S = 60%, and t = ~10 min, obtaining ~450 mg E/g AS; and for Y3 were T = 45 °C, S = 70%, and t = 45 min, obtaining ~12.3 mg Fx/g E. In addition, for the selected optimums, a full screening of pigments was performed by HPLC-DAD, while phenolics and flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometric techniques and several biological properties were evaluated (namely, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cholinesterase inhibitory activity). These results could be of interest for future applications in the food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries, as they show the Fx kinetic behavior and could help reduce costs associated with energy and solvent consumption while maximizing the extraction yields.

Bioprospecting of microalgae for a potential use as enzyme inhibitors, anti-ageing and prebiotic agents

Microalgae are an important source of biologically active metabolites and hold prominence towards pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. The current research focused on the discovery of new bioresources with interesting neuroprotective, anti-ageing, prebiotic and anti-diabetic potential. Ethanol extracts from Chlamydomonas sp.EL5, Chloroidium saccharophilum.Mon1, and Nostoc. sp were bioprospected for high value biomolecules. Chlamydomonas sp.EL5 had the highest carotenoids content (1.2 mg/gDE) whereas Nostoc sp. had higher total phenolic content (52.5 mgGAE/gDE). All species had potent (>50% inhibition), and moderate (30–50% inhibition) cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The highest anti-diabetic performance (64%) was detected in Nostoc sp.‘s extract at 5 mg/ml. The extracts had a prominent capacity to chelate Fe2+ ions even at low concentration (1 mg/ml). The potential value in preventing skin aging could be confirmed through potential of Chlamydomonas sp.EL5 on free radical scavenging ability and collagenase inhibitory activity. The increase in the Lactobacillus plantarum growth performance indicated that these microalgae are serious candidates to be considered as prebiotics. GC–MS analysis indicated that linoleic acid (C18:2 ω6) and linolenic acid (C18:3 ω3) are the ones with the highest content among the unsaturated fatty acids. These results strongly suggest that the studied microalgae could be considered sources of high-value co-products that could be used to upgrade the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and/or food products value.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Donepezil: Aromatic Amine Hybrids as Anti-Alzheimerss Drugs.

In this study, benzylpiperidine, the active group of donepezil (DNP), was connected with the neurotransmitter phenylethylamine by square amide, in which the fat chain of phenylethylamine was reduced and the benzene rings were substituted. A series of multifunctional hybrid compounds, including DNP-aniline hybrids (1-8), DNP-benzylamine hybrids (9-14), and DNP-phenylethylamine hybrids (15-21) were obtained and their cholinesterase inhibitory activity and neuroprotection of the SH-SY5Y cell line were determined. Results showed that compound 3 exhibited excellent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 4.4 μM, higher than that of positive control DNP and significant neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells with 80.11% viability rate at 12.5 μM, much higher than that of the model group (viability rate = 53.1%). The mechanism of action of compound 3 was elucidated by molecular docking, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunofluorescence analysis. The results suggest that compound 3 could be further explored as a lead compound for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, molecular docking research indicated that the square amide group formed strong interactions with the target protein. Based on the above analysis, we believe that square amide could be an interesting construction unit in anti-AD agents.

Exploring the Potential of Sulfonamide-Dihydropyridine Hybrids as Multitargeted Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that has a heavy social and economic impact on all societies and for which there is still no cure. Multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) seem to be a promising therapeutic strategy for finding an effective treatment for this disease. For this purpose, new MTDLs were designed and synthesized in three steps by simple and cost-efficient procedures targeting calcium channel blockade, cholinesterase inhibition, and antioxidant activity. The biological and physicochemical results collected in this study allowed us the identification two sulfonamide-dihydropyridine hybrids showing simultaneous cholinesterase inhibition, calcium channel blockade, antioxidant capacity and Nrf2-ARE activating effect, that deserve to be further investigated for AD therapy.

Chemical composition, cholinesterase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the essential oils of some Iranian native Salvia species

BackgroundThe plants from Salvia genus contain widely distributed species which have been used in folk medicine as well as pharmaceutical and food industries.MethodsThe chemical composition of 12 native Iranian Salvia species (14 plants) was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Also, the inhibitory activity of all essential oils (EOs) was evaluated toward α-glucosidase and two types of cholinesterase (ChE) using spectrophotometric methods. The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed by the determination of p-nitrophenol (pNP) obtained from the enzymatic dissociation of p-nitrophenol-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as the substrate. In vitro ChE inhibitory assay was conducted based on the modified Ellman’s procedure using the measurement of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid produced from the hydrolysis of thiocholine derivatives as the substrate, in the presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).ResultsTotally, 139 compounds were detected and caryophyllene oxide and trans-β-caryophyllene were the most abundant compounds in all EOs. The yield of EOs extracted from the plants were also calculated in the range of 0.06 to 0.96% w/w. Herein, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 8 EOs was reported for the first time and among all, S. spinosa L. was found to be the most potent inhibitor (90.5 inhibition at 500 μg/mL). Also, the ChE inhibitory activity of 8 species was reported for the first time and our results showed that the BChE inhibitory effect of all EOs was more potent than that of AChE. The ChE inhibition assay indicated that S. mirzayanii Rech.f. & Esfand. collected from Shiraz was the most potent inhibitor (72.68% and 40.6% at the concentration of 500 μg/mL, toward AChE and BChE, respectively).ConclusionsIt seems that native Salvia species of Iran could be considered in the development of anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer's disease supplements.