Principles Of Choice Research Articles

ОСОБИСТІСНО ЗОРІЄНТОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ МАЙБУТНЬОГО БАКАЛАВРА АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ ФІЛОЛОГІЇ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ

In the article, using modern scientific and pedagogical literature, the definition of the concept of "person-oriented approach" is clarified. The principles on which the person-oriented approach is based are considered, namely: the principle of humanism, the principle of openness, the principle of dialogicity, the principle of creativity, the principle of humanitarianism, as well as the principles of choice and creativity, and success. Indicators of the application of the student-centered strategy are highlighted: motivation to study, comfortable educational environment, use of effective forms, methods and teaching methods, reliance on experience, knowledge, abilities and skills of students. The expediency of using this approach in the formation of future bachelors of English philology in higher educational institutions of Ukraine is substantiated, and the main directions of its implementation in such components as: component content of education are highlighted; demonstrate students' successes, celebrate their achievements, outline development prospects; carefully prepared educational component of the course taking into account the issues and challenges of today; cognitive component of educational material: selection of tasks, texts, exercises to encourage students to think, independently search for information, conclusions, generalizations. The leading task of implementing a person-oriented approach in the educational process of a higher educational institution is the development of individual cognitive abilities of future specialists. The practical use of a person-oriented approach indicates a wide, free pedagogical variability, based on the knowledge of the internal patterns of personality development. This approach is equally addressed to the teacher and to the student, to their characteristics and tendencies. Key words: person-oriented approach, bachelor's degree, English philology, principles of implementation, institutions of higher education of Ukraine.

ENSURING THE RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE FOR GROUPS VULNERABLE TO HIV IN PENITENTIARY INSTITUTIONS AND PRE-TRIAL DETENTION CENTERS IN UKRAINE.

The aim: To consider the problems of penitentiary health care for groups vulnerable to HIV in penitentiary institutions and pre-trial detention centers in Ukraine, and to determine the state of implementation of the rights of prisoners to health care. Materials and methods: When writing this article, the authors used a number of scientific and special study methods: regulatory method, dialectical method, statistical method. We also conducted an anonymous survey of 150 released persons from penitentiary institutions and 25 medical workers from 7 penitentiary institutions and correctional colonies in different regions of Ukraine to assess the quality and availability of medical care for convicts vulnerable to HIV infection, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis. Conclusions: The right to health-care of convicted prisoners must be ensured in compliance with the principle of free choice of specialist according to health-care law, health-care standards and clinical protocols (in other words, amount and standards of health-care available for prisoners must be the same as that available for other people). In practice prisoners are thrown out of the national health-care system, and the Ministry of Justice is unable to meet all needs. This can have a disastrous result as the penitentiary system will produce sick people who pose threat for civil society.

CRITERIA OF MATERIALS METAL GLASSES SELECTION FOR THERMOMETRY

In the current paper, there are considered the criteria for estimating the thermoelectric properties of metal glasses (MG) on suitability for thermometry. It is revealed that a principle of choice of thermoelectric materials based only on criteria is not quite efficient. It needs to examine also their mechanical durability, thermal, radiating, and anticorrosive properties, etc. More complete consideration proves that the use of MGs in thermometry is rather expedient.

Legal Compliance Assessment of the Malaysian Health Sector Through the Lens of Privacy Policies

Value of information privacy has changed over time. Hence a weak personal data protection legal system will increase the threats and damages to individuals, especially in case of sensitive data like health information. Considering increasing amount of incidents, there is not any report or study showing how far Health companies protect both personal information of Malaysian citizens. The objective of this study was to assess the level of compliance with Malaysian Personal Data Protection Act 2010 by hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies. The authors used qualitative method using document analysis. The authors evaluated privacy policies of samples in line with requirements of the Act, especially Notice and Choice Principle and rights of individuals. Findings of the study showed serious non-compliance. Some companies are completely unaware of the Act. Considering sensitivity of health information and its value, the authors suggested amending alternatives to be applied for these privacy statements. The authors suggested specific inspections and issuance of guidelines and orders by data protection commissioner.

Developing Students Socio-Cultural Competence By Reading English Fictional Literature

In the present study author examines the problem of development of University student’s socio-cultural competence. Learning foreign culture, value perception of the modern world, understanding the importance of the human personality and the place it takes in the cultural process are getting more and more urgent in the context of a new culturological model presuming the realization of human cultural perfection mechanisms. Sociocultural competences are becoming increasingly important and significant in terms of employability, career, competitive abilities. Acquired and developed throughout one’s lifetime, sociocultural competences create favourable conditions for successful survival and functioning in contemporary labour market. Effective teaching of methods of socialization is impossible without making an effort to conceptualize the key elements of culture in younger people’s consciousness: principles of choice of values, basics of creativity, language, ethnos, art. The paper aims at highlighting the importance of such disciplines in Learning History of Literature, Writing and Home Reading, which should be integrated into the course of Foreign Languages Speech Practice in order to develop students’ socio-cultural competence. The emphasis is put on the significance of fiction studies in preparing professionals having not only good linguistic skills but also realizing a wide range of cultural peculiarities of foreign countries. On the example of fictions by E.Hemingway, Ch.Dickens, S.Mougham, S. Fitzgerald, O.Henry, the approach to using historical facts in developing socio-cultural competence is revealed being supplemented with a number of pre-reading and post-reading activities suggested to students learning Englash as a second foreign language.

Sequential and distributive forcings without choice

AbstractIn the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice, a forcing notion is “ $\kappa $ -distributive” if and only if it is “ $\kappa $ -sequential.” We show that without the Axiom of Choice, this equivalence fails, even if we include a weak form of the Axiom of Choice, the Principle of Dependent Choice for $\kappa $ . Still, the equivalence may still hold along with very strong failures of the Axiom of Choice, assuming the consistency of large cardinal axioms. We also prove that although a $\kappa $ -distributive forcing notion may violate Dependent Choice, it must preserve the Axiom of Choice for families of size $\kappa $ . On the other hand, a $\kappa $ -sequential can violate the Axiom of Choice for countable families. We also provide a condition of “quasiproperness” which is sufficient for the preservation of Dependent Choice, and is also necessary if the forcing notion is sequential.

Factors of Volitional Attributiveness of the Legal Transaction based on International Experience

The aim of the study was to determine the most effective model of legal regulation of the form of declaration of will in legal transactions from the survey of the legislation of several countries and their respective jurisprudence. The research covered the methods of statistical analysis, comparative law, dialectics and legal epistemology, as well as data selection and legal modeling. It is shown that the model of legal regulation of the form of declaration of will, which is based on the principle of free choice of the form of declaration of will, is the most effective in terms of these indicators in the case of: (Greece, Poland, Czech Republic). At the same time, these States provide for strict requirements for challenging legal transactions and provide for the prohibition of abuse of rights. It is concluded that it is justified that in the majority of states the principle of valid will is applied when concluding legal transactions. Moreover, the results of this study can be used to develop proposals for the improvement of legislation in the field of regulation of the forms of declaration of will in the conclusion of legal transactions in their various forms and modalities.

Some implications of Ramsey Choice for families of varvec{n}-element sets

For nin omega , the weak choice principle textrm{RC}_n is defined as follows:For every infinite setXthere is an infinite subsetYsubseteq Xwith a choice function on[Y]^n:={zsubseteq Y:|z|=n}.The choice principle textrm{C}_n^- states the following:For every infinite family ofn-element sets, there is an infinite subfamily{mathcal {G}}subseteq {mathcal {F}}with a choice function.The choice principles textrm{LOC}_n^- and textrm{WOC}_n^- are the same as textrm{C}_n^-, but we assume that the family {mathcal {F}} is linearly orderable (for textrm{LOC}_n^-) or well-orderable (for textrm{WOC}_n^-). In the first part of this paper, for m,nin omega we will give a full characterization of when the implication textrm{RC}_mRightarrow textrm{WOC}_n^- holds in {textsf {ZF}}. We will prove the independence results by using suitable Fraenkel-Mostowski permutation models. In the second part, we will show some generalizations. In particular, we will show that textrm{RC}_5Rightarrow textrm{LOC}_5^- and that textrm{RC}_6Rightarrow textrm{C}_3^-, answering two open questions from Halbeisen and Tachtsis (Arch Math Logik 59(5):583–606, 2020). Furthermore, we will show that textrm{RC}_6Rightarrow textrm{C}_9^- and that textrm{RC}_7Rightarrow textrm{LOC}_7^-.

A characterization of generalized existential completions

This paper aims to provide an intrinsic characterization of the notion of generalized existential completion of a conjunctive doctrine P for a class Λ of morphisms of the base category of P. The cornerstone of this result consists of an algebraic description of the logical concept of existential free formulas closely connected to the validity of some choice principles.The link between our characterization and choice principles is emphasized by the fact that an existential doctrine P is the generalized existential completion of itself for all the projections of its base if and only if P is equipped with Hilbert's epsilon operators.Our characterization provides a useful tool to recognize a wide variety of examples of doctrines arising as generalized existential completions. These include the subobjects doctrine and the weak subobjects doctrine of a category with finite limits as well all realizability triposes and among localic triposes only the supercoherent ones.

Cognitive tests in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>): T- and Y-mazes

T- and Y-shaped mazes are traditionally used to assess spatial learning and memory of zebrafish. In the installation of the T-shaped maze, the fish are taught to swim into the desired sleeve and not swim into the wrong one using both positive (for example, food reinforcement) and negative (for example, electric current) stimuli to form more persistent reflexes. The Y-shaped maze is based on the principle of spontaneous choice. Spontaneous choice behavior describes the tendency of animals to change their direction of rotation in a series of successive turns. Each choice statistically depends on the previous one, which indicates its mnestic origin. Unlike other types of memory tasks, testing in the Y-shaped maze does not require prior training or reinforcement (as in the T-shaped maze). Both aquatic mazes are becoming useful tools for assessing zebrafish cognitive phenotypes.

COMPONENTS OF GRAPHIC TRAINING CONCEPT FOR FUTURE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

The article considers the components of graphic training concept for future mechanical engineers in institutions of higher and vocational education. The definition of «concept» is analyzed in various aspects of application. The essence of «didactic concept» is clarified and pedagogical theories that are embedded in the concept of the developed methodology are identified. It is determined that on the basis of the theory the methodology of learning at university is formed. It is proved that the implementation of this approach in training is based on both purely didactic principles and didactic principles of production training: polytechnic principle, the principle of combining learning with practical activities, the principle of modeling professional activity in the educational process, the principle of professional mobility, the principle of modularity, the principle of self-management in cognitive and production training, the principle of computerization of the pedagogical process, the principle of individuality, the principle of subjectivity, the principle of free choice, the principle of creative realization, the principle of developing potential. Principles of production training have their own characteristics, which are characterized in the article.
 It is determined that the detailed stage of the concept expresses the specific subject methodology and includes: the goals of teaching engineering graphics by means of computer modeling at the level of engineering and graphic training of future mechanical engineers, at the level of training of engineering and graphic disciplines (in particular, the educational discipline «Descriptive geometry, engineering and computer graphics»), at the level of organization of educational and cognitive subject activities training; didactic principles of structuring the content of engineering and graphic disciplines (including the discipline «Descriptive geometry, engineering and computer graphics»); interactive style of learning engineering graphics by means of computer modeling; criteria, indicators and levels of engineering and graphic training of students as a result of teaching engineering and graphic disciplines.

The appeals and level of involvement influencing purchasing decision

Abstract The aim of this paper is to find out how various product categories are influenced by rational or emotional appeals and the level of involvement in purchasing decisions with regard to selected demographic characteristics of Czech consumers. Scientific research is based on the theoretical assumptions of the Foote-Cone-Belding (hereafter FCB) model with newly formulated product categories that correspond to current Czech consumer behavior. The theoretical background of the paper covers the knowledge of cognitive consumer choice principles with emphasis on different appeals and a level of involvement within consumer decision. Primary research data were obtained using a questionnaire, on the online panel of research agency Ipsos, on 1,050 Czech respondents. The methods used are modified FCB grid based on previous research study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test with a post hoc test using Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction, and positional maps. The results reveal not only how the newly defined product categories are influenced by rational or emotional appeals and high or low involvement, but also the differences of the theoretical FCB model in comparison with its practical implementation. It is necessary to adapt (extend) this model according to the specific conditions and identification features of different segments. The newly introduced transformed nine-quadrants concept of the FCB model is proposed to be applied.

Optimization and prediction of heat input of mild steel weldment, using genetic algorithm

In welding materials, the purpose is to resist the variation of the microstructure of the material and retain the mechanical properties and the chemical properties. Most welded joint fail due to the utilization of poor welding process. This poor welding process produces a minimum heat input that could cause insufficient melting of the electrode, insufficient melting of the electrode is responsible for inadequate penetration of liquid metal into the welded joint. Literature has shown that produced welded joints by insufficient penetration of the liquid metal have low bearing capacity. This indicates that such welded joints would not be able to sustain the design load. In order to achieve deep liquid metal penetration, optimizing and prediction of heat input of mild steel weldment, utilizing genetic algorithm is studied. The purpose of this study therefore is to develop models that would minimize the heat input. Genetic Algorithm which imitates the evolution progression and functions on the principle of the natural theory choice with evolution was utilized for the result analysis. It was shown as a result that combination of welding time 79.15 sec current of 239.03 A welding speed of 56.59 mm/s voltage of 29.87 v feed rate of 130 mm/s will produce optimal heat input of 117.30 KJ

Choice-free duality for orthocomplemented lattices by means of spectral spaces

The existing topological representation of an orthocomplemented lattice via the clopen orthoregular subsets of a Stone space depends upon Alexander’s Subbase Theorem, which asserts that a topological space X is compact if every subbasic open cover of X admits of a finite subcover. This is an easy consequence of the Ultrafilter Theorem—whose proof depends upon Zorn’s Lemma, which is well known to be equivalent to the Axiom of Choice. Within this work, we give a choice-free topological representation of orthocomplemented lattices by means of a special subclass of spectral spaces; choice-free in the sense that our representation avoids use of Alexander’s Subbase Theorem, along with its associated nonconstructive choice principles. We then introduce a new subclass of spectral spaces which we call upper Vietoris orthospaces in order to characterize up to homeomorphism (and isomorphism with respect to their orthospace reducts) the spectral spaces of proper lattice filters used in our representation. It is then shown how our constructions give rise to a choice-free dual equivalence of categories between the category of orthocomplemented lattices and the dual category of upper Vietoris orthospaces. Our duality combines Bezhanishvili and Holliday’s choice-free spectral space approach to Stone duality for Boolean algebras with Goldblatt and Bimbó’s choice-dependent orthospace approach to Stone duality for orthocomplemented lattices.

A decade after the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA): Compliance of communications companies with the notice and choice principle

The massive and implausible advancements in the fields of information and communications technology, and especially the internet, have increased both the value and threats to the information privacy of individuals. The Malaysian Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA) was a governmental endeavour to protect the information privacy of the citizens. However, the Act's output and the level of compliance by the data users are in a halo of ambiguity. This qualitative study using the document analysis aimed to find out to what extent the communications companies comply with the Act. Hence, the privacy policies of these companies were evaluated in line with the requirements of the Act. The results indicated that more or less all samples failed to satisfy the PDPA requirements. The solutions provided by this research can be used as practical guidelines to draft a Standard Privacy Policy. The suggestions also would benefit the Personal Data Protection Commissioner in performing his duties and functions.

Effects of L1-L2 congruency, collocation type, and restriction on processing L2 collocations.

The present study investigated the effects of L1-L2 congruency, collocation type, and restriction on L2 collocational processing. Advanced Chinese learners of English and native English-speaking controls performed an online acceptability judgment task to investigate how advanced L2 learners processed congruent (sharing the same meaning and structure in L1 language) collocations and English-only (not equivalent in L1 construction) collocations with the same node (right) word and a different collocate (left). The experimental materials included verb-noun (VN), adjective-noun (AN) collocations, free (less fixed), and restricted (more fixed) collocations chosen from BNC. The results revealed that (i) The non-native speakers were sensitive to L1-L2 congruency, but the native speakers were not. (ii) The native speakers were sensitive to collocation restriction, whereas the non-native speakers were not. These results lend initial support to the mapping hypothesis and open choice principle of L2 collocational processing for Chinese English learners.

EXTENSIONAL REALIZABILITY AND CHOICE FOR DEPENDENT TYPES IN INTUITIONISTIC SET THEORY

AbstractIn [17], we introduced an extensional variant of generic realizability [22], where realizers act extensionally on realizers, and showed that this form of realizability provides inner models of $\mathsf {CZF}$ (constructive Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory) and $\mathsf {IZF}$ (intuitionistic Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory), that further validate $\mathsf {AC}_{\mathsf {FT}}$ (the axiom of choice in all finite types). In this paper, we show that extensional generic realizability validates several choice principles for dependent types, all exceeding $\mathsf {AC}_{\mathsf {FT}}$ . We then show that adding such choice principles does not change the arithmetic part of either $\mathsf {CZF}$ or $\mathsf {IZF}$ .

Transformative Experience, Awareness Growth, and the Limits of Rational Planning

AbstractLaurie Paul argues that, when it comes to many of your most significant life-changing decisions, the principles of rational choice are silent. That is because, in these cases, you anticipate that one of your choice options would yield a transformative experience. We argue that such decisions are best seen as ones in which you anticipate awareness growth. You do not merely lack knowledge about which possible outcome will arise from a transformative option; you lack knowledge about what are the possible outcomes. We show how principles of rational choice can be extended to cases of anticipated awareness growth.

Constructive strong regularity and the extension property of a compactification

In contexts in which the principle of dependent choice may not be available, as toposes or Constructive Set Theory, standard locale theoretic results related to complete regularity may fail to hold. To resolve this difficulty, B. Banaschewski and A. Pultr introduced strongly regular locales. Unfortunately, Banaschewski and Pultr's notion relies on non-constructive set existence principles that hinder its use in Constructive Set Theory. In this article, a fully constructive formulation of strong regularity for locales is introduced by replacing non-constructive set existence with coinductive set definitions, and exploiting the Relation Reflection Scheme. As an application, every strongly regular locale L is proved to have a compact regular compactification. The construction of this compactification is then used to derive the main result of this article: a characterization of locale compactifications (and thus, classically, of the compactifications of a space) in terms of their ability of extending continuous functions with compact regular codomains. Finally, an open problem related to the existence of the compact regular reflection of a locale is presented.

Free choice permission, legitimization and relating semantics

Abstract In this paper, we apply relating semantics to the widely discussed problem of free choice between permitted actions or situations in normative systems. Leaving aside contexts in which the free choice principle is obviously unacceptable (weak permission understood as an absence of prohibition) or uncontroversially valid (strong permission within systems with a closed repertoire of actions or situations), we concentrate on free choice for explicit permissions. In order to construct a formal representation of explicit permissions, we introduce a special constant, $\texttt {permit}$, which is analogous to the constant $\texttt {violation}$ used in the Andersonian–Kangerian approach to deontic logic with respect to prohibition and obligation. Consequently, we define a permission operator on the basis of the $\texttt {permit}$ constant and a relation of legitimization. The general idea is that $P \varphi $ is true if and only if $\texttt {permit}$ is true, which means that a permission is actually issued and $\varphi $ is legitimized by $\texttt {permit}$. The intuitive notion of legitimization is formally represented by an operator of relating implication: a non-classical implication that is semantically defined by adding a constraint to the classical meaning of implication to the effect that arguments are related by a special relation. The properties of this relation are based on an informal, intuitive meaning of legitimization and determine the properties of the permission operator. We show that the resulting permission operator possesses the free choice property and avoids certain unwanted consequences that follow from alternative approaches.