Choice Of Priorities Research Articles

Економічна динаміка: сучасний зміст, інноваційний базис та настанови для політики розвитку

The article substantiates the relevance of updating the categorical thesaurus of the theory of economic dynamics on the basis of modern methodology, which combines the cognitive potentials and tools of global evolutionism, the general theory of systems and synergy. In the context of the evolutionary approach, the authors provide the content and characteristics of the complex forms of economic system’ movement (self-organization, development / degradation, evolution / involution) and the accompanying qualitative changes (modifications, transformations, metamorphoses, architectural shifts) of economic reality. There are revealed the hierarchy of dynamic processes according to the degree of complexity and their interrelationships and principles of mutual transitions. Attention is focused on innovations and innovative changes, which, depending on the level (depth) of the implemented novelty, and the speed and scale of its diffusion, determine the trajectory of the economic system’ movement over time. Taking into account the time criterion, the authors systematize the signs of progressive and regressive economic dynamics. Noted the significant role of organizational and regulatory influences, primarily that of the innovation policy, for designing and constructing the expected future. A view is proposed to consider innovation policy as a system of measures aimed at the strategic management of economic genetics. The content of these measures consists in selective changes in inherited production and technological structures and reproductive cycles, as well as inherited models of the behavior of economic actors. The direction of selection, which represents a choice of priorities for innovative development is determined by the imperatives of self-preservation, effective self-realization and self-development of the economic system in a highly competitive environment.

«Нашу семью называли в городе “благословенной семьей”…» (к биографии Александра Николаевича Пыпина)

The work deals with the questions of the biography of the outstanding Russian scientist-humanitarian, academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences A. N. Pypin (1833–1904). The purpose of the study is to identify and summarize materials about the Saratov period of the scientist’s life, to present the history of his family, to reveal the role of his father and mother in intellectual and spiritual development. The study of a wide range of memoirs, documentary and epistolary sources resulted in establishing that the history of the noble family of the Pypins dates back to 1791. The ancestors on the father’s side, N. D. Pypin, were clerical workers, on the side of the mother A.E. Golubeva they were priests. It is shown that A. N. Pypin was brought up in a religious family, with high moral ideals, in the atmosphere of love and care. The role of parents in the formation of his humanitarian interests is significant. It is noted that the love of books and reading that distinguished Alexander Nikolaevich from an early age came from his family, from his mother, and was a natural necessity for all younger family members. Parents formed a picture of the world of their son by various means. If the mother did so through literature, primary educational knowledge, then the father formed it by means of contact with real life. He introduced his son to the world of peasant life, of serfdom. According to the scientist, N. D. and A. E. Pypins had a significant impact on the formation of his personality, influenced the choice of life priorities. The paper publishes for the first time the primary source about the birth of A. N. Pypin, the record in the metrical book of Saratov Church of the Holy Saviour, the formulary lists of his great-grandfather, grandfather and father.

Escape from Political Freedom. The Constitutional Crisis of 1993 and Russia’s Political Trajectory

Abstract The constitutional crisis of 1993 was one of the major turning points in the failed democratization of Russia and subsequent turn of the country towards personalist authoritarianism. The October 1993 conflict, as the crisis is commonly called in Russia, was driven by a strategic choice of priorities by Russia’s political leadership during the post-Communist “triple transition”. After the overthrow of the Communist regime in August 1991, Russian elites prioritized market reforms and sacrificed further democratization of the country for the sake of preserving the new political status quo. This choice, made at the expense of building new democratic institutions, greatly contributed to the clash between the plebiscitary legitimacy of President Boris Yeltsin and unconstrained legality of the parliament, which was resolved in a violent zero-sum game in October 1993. The new Russian constitution sought to drastically reduce institutional constraints to presidential power. Its approval paved the way to authoritarian regime building and served as a role model for other post-Soviet countries.

Цифровізація та глобалізація системи адміністрування податків як драйвер інноваційного розвитку

The aim of the article is to identify the problems and prospects of digitization and globalization of services in the tax administration system as components of drivers of innovative development. It is substantiated that under the influence of military operations, internal and external factors, there has been a determination of awareness of the role of the digital economy as a tool for globalization, which defines the choice of such development priorities as investment and innovation cooperation and digitization of social relations at the macro and micro levels. The formation of the information society on the basis of digitization will ensure the subordination of economic growth to the qualitative parameters of social and economic development, because further progress will be determined not so much by the production of goods as by the expanded use of information in the context of digitization. The main problems of digitization and globalization of tax administration in Ukraine are identified and systematized. Among them, the main ones are: the ongoing war, unpredictable changes in government policy, and other risks of long-term digital technology projects; corruption; resistance to change on the part of government officials, employees of the State Tax Service and taxpayers; lack of information work on the benefits of digitization and globalization with taxpayers and the public, as well as specialized training among employees of the State Tax Service; shortage of qualified tax officers, as well as specialists in the field of digital technologies; concentration of taxation not on the identification of reserves for tax incentives, but on the collection of taxes; technological risks of malfunction or failure in new systems, especially in the early stages of their implementation; cybercrime risk; bureaucratic procedures and imperfection of legislation on digital technologies, personal data of citizens and the implementation of international legislation. It is proved that the vector of the strategy for solving the existing problems in tax administration should go through digitization, digitalization and computerization of relations between the State and citizens, taking into account the modern global experience of the developed countries of the world in this area. The strategic priorities that will ensure the development of digitization and globalization of tax administration are presented in a systematized form, which, in turn, will have a positive impact on the innovative development of the country as a whole. It is substantiated that the main ways to ensure the development of digitization and globalization of tax administration are: 1. Improvement of national legislation and implementation of international legislation on digitization and globalization of tax relations. 2. Integration of international standards of digital technologies and ensuring the safety and illegal non-distribution of personal data of citizens. 3. Fighting corruption at all levels of government while restarting the judiciary to protect rights and increase taxpayers’ confidence. 4. Formation of a comprehensible strategy and tactics for the development of digitization and globalization of tax administration, harmonious with systemic international trends. 5. Gradual reduction of the tax burden and creation of a system of computerized independent clear tax control. 6. Building public trust and support, as well as cooperation with international organizations and businesses. 7. Promoting the development of tax and digital culture among citizens, especially children. 8. Clear and balanced reform of the State Tax Service and other regulatory authorities to improve the tax system of Ukraine and ensure the stability of the country’s finances. 9. Formation and implementation of a set of tax incentives to expand business activity. 10. Anti-corruption measures and openness of the work of the State Tax Service. 11. Continuous training and development of the State Tax Service staff. 12. Providing conditions for digitization and digitalization of relations between the State and citizens. The presented problems and proposals of digitization and globalization of the tax administration system create the basis for further research in the direction of improving the methodology and organization of the tax system.

A Kano model-based demand analysis and perceived barriers of pulmonary rehabilitation interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been recognized to be an effective therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, in China, the application of PR interventions is still less promoted. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to understand COPD patients' intention to receive PR, capture the potential personal, social and environmental barriers preventing their willingness of receiving PR, and eventually identify demanding PR services with the highest priority from patients' point of view. In total 237 COPD patients were recruited from 8 health care facilities in Zhejiang, China. A self-designed questionnaire was applied to investigate patients' intention to participate in PR and potentially associated factors, including personal dimension such as personal awareness, demographic factors, COPD status and health-related literacy/behaviors, as well as social policies and perceived environmental barriers. The demand questionnaire of PR interventions based on the Kano model was further adopted. Among the 237 COPD patients, 75.1% of COPD patients were willing to participate in PR interventions, while only 62.9% of the investigated patients had heard of PR interventions. Over 90% of patients believed that the cost of PR services and the ratio of medical insurance reimbursement were potential obstacles hindering them from accepting PR services. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the PR skills of medical staff, knowledge promotion and public education levels of PR in the community, patients' transportation concerns and degree of support from family and friends were significantly associated with willingness of participation in PR interventions. By using the Kano model, the top 9 most-requisite PR services (i.e., one-dimensional qualities) were identified from patients' point of view, which are mainly diet guidance, education interventions, psychological interventions and lower limb exercise interventions. Subgroup analysis also revealed that patients' demographics, such as breathlessness level, age, education and income levels, could influence their choice of priorities for PR services, especially services related to exercise interventions, respiratory muscle training, oxygen therapy and expectoration. This study suggested that PR-related knowledge education among patients and their family, as well as providing basic package of PR services with the most-requisite PR items to COPD patients, were considerable approaches to promote PR attendance in the future.

Аксиологическая неоднозначность социального отбора в образовании

The relevance of the problem is caused by the need for young people to make a conscious choice of life priorities and guidelines. The purpose of this article is to study the value foundations of individual choice and social selection in education. Different approaches to understanding the significance of the selection function of educational activity are presented. A classification of the priorities of professional and social choice, as well as criteria for choosing the optimal method of individual development, has been completed. The factors that determine the meaning of education in historical retrospect are studied. The internal mechanisms of the professional and educational structure of society, making it a channel of social mobility, are considered. At the same time, a position is presented that shows the ambiguity of the influence of one or another mechanism on the future — some events can simultaneously contribute to both vertical and horizontal mobility. The author also strives to identify the axiological principles of establishing the boundaries of attributing a particular case to different social elevators. The question is raised about the moral choice of a teacher when organizing teaching activities that take into account the abilities and prospects of students. The ambivalence of this situation in relation to the influence on the further activity of the subject is pointed out, and in this sense, both the inconsistency and the dialectical unity of social selection and personal choice are established.

Exploring homology of fields in translation

Abstract The translation and reception of contemporary Chinese literature into Portuguese have gained prominence recently but have not received much scholarly attention. This study employs Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of homology to analyze the relationship between translation and various related fields and their impact on translating Chinese contemporary literature in Brazil and Portugal from 2000 to 2022. It highlights how these fields’ interconnectedness has both facilitated and hindered translation practices. The research explores the notion of fields and homology and examines the translation production process, focusing on how the translation field interacts with its academic, educational, and political counterparts. Using the translation of contemporary Chinese literature into Portuguese as a case study, the article suggests that the structural similarity among these fields significantly affects how Chinese literature is translated and received, influencing the choice of works, translation methods, and publishing priorities. Through an extensive analysis, the study bridges Bourdieu’s homology concept with practical scenarios, enhancing the discourse in translation studies and Chinese literature, particularly in the Portuguese context.

Tools for Implementing Strategies in the Context of Digital Transformation of Industrial Enterprises

Under conditions of uncertainty caused by sanctions and geopolitical changes, the correct choice of both strategic development priorities and management tools for their implementation becomes important. Given the global trend towards digitalization and the growing supply from software developers, it is necessary to understand clearly, which software products and for what purposes can be used effectively at specific enterprises. The challenge here is that due to instability, sanctions pressure, and withdrawals of foreign software from the Russian market, enterprises are forced to change business and technological processes, and to look for new tools for implementing development strategies. The purpose of the article is to determine the basic principles for choosing strategic management tools and information technologies as elements of strategic management at enterprises in the context of digital transformation. The article shows that due to the ongoing digitalization of industrial enterprises any tools for implementing the strategies must be considered within the framework of an automated process management model. It can be based on various information technologies or platform solutions, depending on the coverage of enterprise business processes, and the readiness to adopt digital technologies in strategic and operational management. The modern trend is to implement strategic development directions, relying on the internal ecosystem of the enterprise. Making the right choice of information technology within an enterprise ecosystem requires that technology investments are aligned with the company’s business goals, adaptable to changing needs, can integrate with existing systems, are user-friendly, secure, and provide a short-term return on investment. Ultimately, these principles enable businesses to successfully navigate the digital transformation journey and leverage technology as a strategic enabler for sustainable growth.

Science and Democracy in Crisis Management

The new articulations between science and democracy raise numerous debates regarding the management of contemporary crises, which evoke the complex relations between the universe of scientific work, politics and society, passing through claims of an autonomy of the scientific field and its links with society. Science and democracy must go together in solving contemporary crises through the necessary dialogue between civil society and the scientific community around the choice of research priorities and respecting the margins of professional autonomy of the scientific environment, as a guarantee of the impartiality of knowledge production.

Mapping the European cancer prevention research landscape: A case for more prevention research funding

Despite the strong evidence of prevention as a prime defence against the disease, the majority of cancer research investment continues to be made in basic science and clinical translational research. Little quantitative data is available to guide decisions on the choice of research priorities or the allocation of research resources. The primary aim of the mapping of the European cancer prevention research landscape presented in this paper is to provide the evidence-base to inform future investments in cancer research. Using bibliometric data to identify funders that are active in prevention research in Europe and in the world, we have identified that 14% of cancer research papers had a focus on prevention research and those were funded by 16% of all the European cancer research funders. An important finding of our study is the lack of research on primary prevention with primary prevention funders accounting for 25% of European cancer prevention funders, meaning that less than 4% of all European cancer research funders identified show an interest in primary prevention. An additional analysis revealed that 7% of European cancer prevention research papers are categorised as implementation projects, meaning that only 1% of all cancer research publications are implementation research in cancer prevention. This paper highlights that the narrow focus on biology and treatment in Europe needs to be widened to include such areas as primary prevention and secondary prevention and a larger concentration on implementation research. These data can help support a more policy-focused cancer research agenda for individual European governments and charitable and philanthropic organisations and stimulate joining efforts across Europe to create a more systematic and structured approach to cancer prevention.

ПРОБЛЕМА ЦЕННОСТНО ОБРАЗУЮЩЕГО ОСНОВАНИЯ

The level of modern discussion of the problem of the values of human existence, contradictions between certain value systems, the choice of modern value priorities, and so on leaves much to be desired. Values are put into circulation “like a shot from a pistol” without selection, without discussion of their nature, sources and grounds. They are often approached as self-understood phenomena and a simple enumeration prevails in their presentation, varying somewhat depending on the tastes and theoretical preferences of the authors of value systems. The article makes an attempt at phenomenological reduction, “bracketing” any set of subject-specific values for axiological identifi cation of the intentionality of value consciousness, its energy-loving component, as a value-forming foundation, which is found as a “double overcoming”, as an axiologically signifi cant variant of the social negation of negation.

Formation of strategic priorities of industrial development of the Russian Federation as an innovative factor in overcoming crisis periods

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to search for innovative factors that contribute to the stability of the economy in times of crisis. The authors highly appreciates the role of intellectual innovations in overcoming crises in the economy. Focusing on the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of priorities for industrial development of the Russian Federation after the economic crisis of 2009, the authors hypothesized that changes in approaches to state management of economic processes were refl ected in regulatory documents and economic indicators, their analysis can point to the advantages and disadvantages of the existing institutional approach. The paper analyzes public management decisions in relation to the relevant economic indicators for the period from 2009 to 2021. It is determined that the main priorities of the state and economic policy of the Russian Federation during this period are innovative activities and the corresponding industrial policy. The choice of priorities is analyzed from the point of view of compliance with the author's methodology. The positive and negative dynamics of economic indicators as a consequence of the implementation of development priorities are studied, with an emphasis on crisis periods. Based on the results of the study, the authors argues that the choice of state development priorities had a positive impact on the stability of the economy, but the lack of integrity in strategizing did not allow achieving maximum effi ciency. This leads to the conclusion that a scientifi cally based institutional approach with the alignment of strategic priorities in a holistic national strategy can be a separate innovative factor of economic stability in times of crisis.

METHODICAL PROVISION OF ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF SCORE-COEFFICIENT METHOD

Topicality. The development of high-tech industrial enterprises in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis of the world economy and the state of war in Ukraine can become one of the actual promising directions for choosing a strategy for the development of Ukraine's innovative economy. This will allow the country to produce products with a high level of added value, to increase the level of export of products, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy, reducing dependence on the technologies of foreign countries and leaving the shadow of the "raw material appendage", socio-economic growth and sustainable development. Such achievements are possible taking into account the evolutionary approach to the management of the development of high-tech industrial enterprises and the justification of the choice of priorities taking into account the scientific and technological component on the basis of forecasting directions of technological development and know-how, ways of developing venture investments and directions of state support for enterprises of high-tech industries, coordinated financial credit, depreciation and structural policies. For this purpose, the selection of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises is relevant, one of which is the ball-coefficient method, which is studied in the article.Aim and tasks. To provide methodical support for evaluating the efficiency of the operation of a high-tech industrial enterprise based on the point-coefficient methodMaterials and Methods. The results of the comparative analysis and theoretical generalization of developments, scientific approaches to the assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises are covered in publications of a fundamental, analytical and practical nature, which form the material and methodical basis of the research. The evaluation of efficiency was carried out using the point-coefficient method. This method, unlike the existing ones, is based on an integral indicator and an expert assessment based on the final evaluation of scientific and technological, industrial, organizational, social and economic potentials and additional preliminary studies.Research results. As modern real practice shows, only reforming the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy will not solve the issue of creating real opportunities for domestic enterprises exit from the crisis. That is why the task of evaluating the effectiveness of high-tech management has arisen enterprises. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures for the preparation and implementation of scientific-based, scientific-technological, organizational and management solutions that have a high-tech direction and to form the appropriate methodological support for the management of high-tech activities of industrial enterprises. The prerequisites for achieving the set goals are orientation towards international standards for determining the efficiency of high-tech enterprise activities and assessing the competitiveness of the products produced by them. To determine the level of efficiency of the operation of a high-tech enterprise, it is necessary to determine its high-tech potential in general, which consists not only of production potential, but also of scientific and technological, organizational, social and environmental potential. The article proposes a point-coefficient method for determining a single integral indicator of the high-tech potential of an industrial enterprise, taking into account expert assessments. One of the most important such indicators is the determination of the specific weight of scientific and research developments assigned to the highest quality category. Therefore, the issue of quality attestation of high-tech projects has been investigated. These certification data are included in the system for assessing the quality of functioning of a high-tech enterprise. To expand the company's potential, it is proposed to use such a CASE tool as BPwin. In the future, this will become the basis for the development and implementation of an information model of the investment process, which will lead to the further expansion of the enterprise and the production of high-tech products. This will provide an opportunity to make a decision about making long-term investments by the enterprise to increase the high-tech potential of the enterprise based on the calculation of expected performance indicators. The information model built in this way acts as a basis for solving tasks related to increasing the efficiency of the operation of high-tech production, determining the economically feasible limits of robotization of technological operations, and choosing the parameters and type of equipment.Conclusion. The article developed a methodology with a corresponding system of indicators for evaluating the efficiency of the high-tech industrial enterprise using the point-coefficient method. The components of the high-tech potential of the enterprise, as well as the requirements and compliance with regard to the certification of high-tech projects, are determined. The requirements for modern design and technological documentation for the development and production of high-tech products and for its technical and economic level for the formation of an information model for calculating expected performance indicators are substantiated.

TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: CONTRADICTIONS, PROBLEMS, PRIORITIES

The processes taking place in all subsystems without exception that form the structure of modern society have become the reason for the attention of the scientific community to the study of contradictions, problems and priorities for the development of the territory of the municipality as a socio-economic system of a complex nature. It is the complex nature of the system that gives rise to a large number of questions that arise in the process of a comprehensive study of territorial and unique features, difficulties in choosing research methods and tools for solving problems at the stages of developing and implementing a territorial development strategy. The individual characteristics of a particular municipality and the goals of the territory development strategy set tasks for the developers, the solution of which depends on the correct choice of priorities, taking into account emerging barriers and limiting factors in the implementation process. The authors systematized legal acts as the foundation for building a territory development strategy, approaches to classifying contradictions on the scale of the economic system, substantiated the need to adjust the strategy as a medium-term and long-term task to the challenges of the new time, including technological breakthroughs in management and information and communication space.

Relationship between economic and political factors of the country’s economic development (on the example of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

The economic growth and economic development of the country is determined by many factors, including geographic, climatic, demographic, political, as well as its natural resource potential and historical path of development. Between all these factors there is both interrelation and interdependence, and contradictions. The historical path of the country’s development, the current sectoral and territorial structure of the economy, the institutional environment, political processes, the values of economic activity and established business practices have an impact both in the short and long term. The result of these factors can be a variety of institutional traps that give rise to the effect of hysteresis and determine the choice of strategic development priorities or even their absence. In addition to internal factors, the country’s economy is influenced by external economic and political factors, as well as the interests of global economic actors: foreign companies, states and institutions. The identification of the relationship between all of the above factors in the historical context is of high scientific importance for predicting the further development of the country’s economy. The authors of the article studied the influence of economic and political factors on the economic development of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the late 20th and early 21st centuries and revealed the existence of institutional traps that caused the hysteresis effect as the main cause of poverty in one of the most resource-rich countries on the African continent.

Samoprocijenjene potrebe starijih osoba za uslugama gerontoloških centara izvaninstitucijske skrbi u odnosu na njihovu funkcionalnu sposobnost

Aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a difference between the expressed need and choice of priorities of the non-institutional care services provided by gerontological centres and the category of their functional independence in the elderly who are on the official waiting list for placement in the decentralized Nursing home Split “Vukovarska”.Methods: The research was conducted in November 2021. The participants were aged 65 and over who were on the official waiting list of the Nursing home Split. The research was conducted via telephone survey with the guaranteed anonymity of the participants. The following questionnaires were used: Questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, Questionnaire for self-assessment of elderly persons on the need and choice of offered services of non-institutional care, Barthel index modified according to Shah S., Vanclay F. and Cooper B. (MBI).Results: The study included 182 participants. There was a statistically significant difference between the participants’ stated need and choice of priorities for the offered services of the gerontological centre and the category of functional independence of the participants in relation to offered services: help at home (p<0.001); day stay (p<0.001); programs of continuous physical, mental, work, and cultural and entertainment activities (p<0.001); medical, social and psychological services (p<0.002); technical assistance (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study indicates that the functional independence of the elderly is an important gerontological public health indicator in the planning of non-institutional care for the elderly population.

Етичний принцип справедливості у просовуванні концепції людського розвитку

Justice is one of the concepts that are most often used in modern Ukrainian political and scientific discourse. The phenomenon of justice is complex and multifaceted and characterizes the entire system of social relations in all the diversity of its specific manifestations in the field of promoting the concept of human development. Since ancient times, justice has been one of the main subjects of scientific research by sociologists, economists, and philosophers of Western and Eastern European countries. Now, there are several interpretations of this notion. One of the most widespread is the definition of justice from the theoretical standpoint of the so-called “transcendental institutionalism”, which is the basis of the works of many famous theoreticians. Within this trend, there are competing points of view regarding approaches to the realization of justice. The concept of utilitarianism, which was widespread in the second half of the 20th century, has its adherents, in respect of the fair content of human development, even in our time. The article defends the logical construction of justice, which is at the intersection of economic theory and moral philosophy. Based on the tradition associated with Adam Smith’s classic political economy, it is grounded on the procedure of public choice, comparison and ranking of priorities. Continuous improvement and regulation of human development processes are oppo sed to the established rigid institutional approach that underlies the contract theory. The aim of the study is to reveal justice as a concept that contains requirements for adequacy of its theoretical interpretation to the practical role regarding individuals upholding their rights. The novelty is substantiating of the constructive significance of justice as an ethical category and the proximity of its democratic procedures to the real-life problems of people, which gives it priority over other similar scientific currents and concepts of liberal democratic orientation. The method of comparative analysis of definitions of social justice in the course of its evolutionary development is applied. Tools for soft modeling of socially fair consumption of goods and services by different income groups of the population are proposed.

Main aspects of determining the operational priorities of the enterprise

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to determine operational priorities, as well as factors that will influence their choice by enterprises. In particular, the establishment of interrelationships of operational priorities, which will allow taking into account the impact of choosing one of the priorities on others. In addition, the identification of options for choosing operational priorities of the enterprise depending on the main aspects of its life activity. Purpose. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, determine the main operational priorities for production and service enterprises, as well as establish their relationship. Method (methodology). In the course of the research, such methods as comparison, induction and deduction, grouping, as well as analysis and synthesis were used. Results. The article develops an approach to determining the key operational priorities of the enterprise, which is based on the establishment of relationships between the selected priorities, which make it possible to take into account the impact of one priority on others, and the identification of environmental factors that affect the choice of operational priorities by enterprises. In particular, the interrelationships of the main operational priorities have been established, which include: production or service costs, quality and reliability of products or services, order fulfillment time, reliability of deliveries, etc. The presence of interrelationships allows you to take into account the impact of choosing one of the operational priorities on others and predict their transformational changes. The study of external factors affecting the choice of operational priorities made it possible to establish that at different stages of the life cycle of the industry in which the enterprise operates, it is possible to choose different operational priorities and to focus on several priorities at the same time. Other factors that will make it possible to specify each of the formed priorities include: the specifics of the industry, the size of the enterprise, etc. Prospects for further research are the development of recommendations for the selection of operational priorities by modern trading enterprises.

Interdisciplinarity in natural science and humanities as the basis for the development of education

The author analyzed the contradictory statements regarding the present and future of Russian education related to the choice of knowledge priorities between natural sciences and humanities. The author notes that pedagogical science should abandon the paradigm choice between the humanistic values of education and rationalistic technological approaches to the learning process. The author believes that the changes in humanities knowledge should be considered as a consequence of changes in the natural science knowledge. This fact testifies to the mutual penetration of various ways of thinking and the dualistic unity of seeming opposites. By interpreting the technocracism as a concept of the power of professionals based on scientific and technical knowledge, the author suggests that the development of education should be based on dualistic unity, and not on the contrast between natural science and humanitarian knowledge. The author notes that at the current stage of the development of civilization the priority task is to prepare transprofessionals with integral interdisciplinary professional competencies that are able to solve professional tasks at the intersection of various sciences, while understanding the social consequences of their actions. According to the author, technocratism ensures the transition from ideas about the desired image of a graduate of an educational institution to a truly developed professionally competent person with fundamental education. At the same time, humanistic values determined by the culture and national traditions of their country should provide high ethical and moral personal qualities of a transprofessional, without which sufficient civic responsibility and an active life position in conditions of continuous technogenic transformations in all spheres of life are impossible.

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF WEALTH

The purpose of the paper is to study current issues of wealth, which is due to current sustainable trends in wealth growth and increasing the number of wealthy individuals. The aim is to determine the nature, prerequisites for the emergence and development of wealth, as well as to reflect the historical aspects of the development of wealth and its current state. The topic of the article is caused by the need to reveal the modern stratification of social strata by the level of wealth, the formation of a wealthy class of society and its growth, the processes of creation and increase of wealth. At the same time the purpose of the article is to study the property as an object of taxation. In this connection, the economic essence of the wealth tax and the conditions of its introduction are considered, the specificity of the functioning of the wealth tax in the market economy is determined, the main features of the functioning of the wealth tax are identified. Methodology. Proper analysis of the social structure of society in terms of material wealth allows to assess the efficiency of the economy and the quality of public policy in the system of creation and distribution of public revenues, public goods and wealth. Without the results of these calculations, fatal mistakes appear in the choice of state priorities of socio-economic policy and the best decisions in the financial sphere. The study is based on a comparison of data on wealth tax in different countries. Results. The question and modern peculiarities of wealth are studied. The value of wealth for the society and the state is determined. Wealth tax is an effective fiscal instrument of the state in the distribution of public revenues. Wealth tax exists in many countries in different forms. Practical implications. The possibilities for improving well-being and increasing prosperity are explored. Adequate assessment of the level of well-being and wealth would enable the state to carry out a balanced and effective socio-economic and financial policy to stabilize society and adopt a stable public order. The financial essence of the property tax and the conditions for its introduction are studied. The peculiarities of the functioning of the wealth tax in the social market economy are considered. Value/originality. It has been established that wealth – a comprehensive, multifaceted category, which can be characterized as a specific feature of the socio-economic structure of society, which determines its state, results, dynamics and tendencies of development. Wealth characterizes the ability to achieve a positive result (effect) in the market conditions of management and use of the existing social and economic potential in the community, as evidenced by its level of civilizational development. The peculiarities of the functioning of the wealth tax in various countries of the world are considered. The use of the wealth tax as a fiscal instrument in the state tax system is suggested.