Chinese Writers Research Articles

The Beijing Literary Circle and the Yanjing Literary Society under Japanese Occupation ：Centering on the Translations and Compilations carried out by the North China Writers’ Association

During the Sino-Japanese War, the Yanjing Literary Society, a Japanese literary group in Beijing, overcame language and identity barriers to enter Beijing literary circles through its association with the North China Writers’ Association――a local Chinese writers’ group in Beijing. This paper explores two literary compilations containing the work of the Japanese expatriate writers of the Yanjing Literary Society in 1943, published in two Chinese periodicals run by the North China Writers’ Association, East Asian Union and North China Writers Monthly. The selections were translated and compiled by Chinese writers who were proficient in Japanese, including Mei Niang and Yuan Xi. The quality of the exchange between the Japanese writers and the new Chinese writers in the occupied areas of North China can be judged from the process of planning and compiling the two compilations. In a sense their publication broke down the barriers between Chinese and Japanese literature in the literary world of North China, introducing the works of Japanese writers into the Beijing literary circle, which absorbed them.

Revising in a non-alphabetic language: The multi-dimensional and dynamic nature of online revisions in Chinese as a second language

While second language (L2) writing processes have received increased attention in recent years, few studies have considered writing processes in non-alphabetic languages. To help fill this gap, this study examined the online revision behaviours and associated cognitive processes of L2 writers of Chinese from a multi-dimensional and temporal perspective. Thirty-two L2 Chinese writers performed four writing tasks while their keystrokes were logged. Based on their last writing performance, participants engaged in a stimulated recall session, during which they were asked to describe their thoughts during revisions. Baseline data were collected from 32 first language (L1) writers of Chinese following the same procedure. Revisions were coded for linguistic domain, context, and level of transcription. Stimulated recall comments were categorised according to the orientation of revision. We found that L2 writers more frequently revised language than content, smaller linguistic units than larger ones, and text at the inscription point than previously produced text. They also revised Pinyin more than characters. Revisions occurred more frequently in the middle stages of writing, except for most contextual revisions made in the final stage. Similar trends were observed in L1 writing, apart from character revisions outnumbering Pinyin revisions and proportionately more revisions focusing on content.

Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds†

AbstractThe well‐defined conformational properties of axially chiral compounds bring extraordinary values to an assortment of bioactive molecules, advanced materials, organocatalysts as well as chiral ligands in asymmetric transformations. The demonstrated usefulness and untapped potential of axially chiral structural motifs stimulate increasing efforts to develop novel and efficient approaches for their preparation. In this regard, the chiral phosphoric acids broadly used in asymmetric Brønsted acid catalysis have shown high relevance for atroposelective synthesis as well. Our strong interest in reaction chemistry of atropisomers has established a rewarding research programme in our group. The course of studies will be recounted in this Account, with discussion focused on the use of chiral phosphoric acids to catalyze construction of several key axially chiral structures such as BINAM, BINOL, NOBIN, arylquinones, SPINOL, arylpyrrole analogues and axially chiral alkenes. What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Organocatalytic asymmetric arene C—H functionalization.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Persistence, smart thinking.What are your hobbies?Playing basketball, playing card.What's your favorite book(s)?The Ordinary World by the famous Chinese writer Yao Lu.Who influences you mostly in your life?My parents and my supervisors Prof. Guofu Zhong and Carlos F. Barbas III.How do you supervise your students?I advise my students to work smartly and work hard.

THE CATASTROPHE OF THE “CAT COUNTRY” OR DEGRADATION OF CULTURE

This article analyzes the works of the Chinese writer Lao She “Catcountry”. The author examines the factors that cause the degradation of Chinese culture and its figurative interpretation through a work of art. The novel satirically describes the current events in the city of cats. Lao She shows the negative circumstances in Chinese culture, spirituality, and enlightenment. The article says that the novel is also significant from a modern point of view

Концепт любовь в ранних произведениях Чжан Айлин (张爱玲, 1920–1995)

This article presents a study designed to analyse the concept of love in the early work of chinese writer Zhang Ailing. The research reveals conceptual binary oppositions which are formed arround the core of the concept of love that is: ai (爱), qing (情) and lian (恋). The oppositions are the following: absurdity — conciseness; frivolous / pretense — serious / sincerity; material — spiritual / sacred; isolation — openness; selfishness — generosity; cowardice — courage; overseas — traditional. This ambiguity of the concept is the key to understanding how early works of Zhang Ailing differs from the previous literature tradition, which understands love as а supreme good. The research shows the transformation of the concept of love in the early work of Zhang Ailing. The writer confronts the tradition, she tries to destroy the romantic-sentimental attitude to love that was formed in Chinese literature in the first decades of the twentieth century. Breaking with the conventional image of “love above all” (恋爱之上), Zhang Ailing begins to build up her own world of love. She starts from the denying of romantic love and attachment, and only then tries to fit love into the social structure, to turn ordinary love into a social value equal to success in work, financial well-being, etc.

Blurring Boundaries: How Writing Slash Fanfiction Empowers Young Women in Mainland China

This study pays close attention to Chinese slash fanfiction amateur female writers and their writing experiences. This research investigates in what kind of ways their writing experiences relate to a sense of female empowerment. The analysis emphasizes how slash writing as a seemingly individual and private experience connects itself to a larger community of writers and readers, and how this practice extends to the lived realities of gender and sexuality in mainland China. Using qualitative data from epistolary interviews with ten Chinese female slash writers, this study argues that writing slash fanfiction in mainland China is a boundary-blurring art. Through crossing and obscuring boundaries between private and public, fantasies and reality, individual and community, Chinese female slash writers retrieve a sense of agency and empowerment in their experiences of writing slash fanfiction through exploring affective experiences, reconciling with sexual fantasies, and serving and participating in a female community.

What do "barbarians" eat? Integrating ceramic use-wear and residue analysis in the study of food and society at the margins of Bronze Age China.

The Siwa archaeological culture (ca. 3350 and 2650 cal yr BP) has often been associated with the tribes referenced in textual sources as Qiang and Rong: prized captives commonly sacrificed by the Shang and marauding hordes who toppled the Western Zhou dynasty. In early Chinese writings, food plays a key role in accentuating the ‘sino-barbarian’ dichotomy believed to have taken root over 3000 years ago, with the Qiang and Rong described as nomadic pastoralists who consumed more meat than grain and knew little of proper dining etiquette. To date, however, little direct archaeological evidence has allowed us to reconstruct the diet and foodways of the groups who occupied the Loess Plateau during this pivotal period. Here we present the results of the first ceramic use-wear study performed on the Siwa ma’an jars from the site of Zhanqi, combined with the molecular and isotopic characterization of lipid residues from foodcrusts, and evidence from experimental cooking. We report molecular data indicating the preparation of meals composed of millet and ruminant dairy among the Siwa community of Zhanqi. Use-wear analysis shows that Zhanqi community members were sophisticated creators of ceramic equipment, the ma’an cooking pot, which allowed them to prepare a wide number of dishes with limited fuel. These findings support recent isotope studies at Zhanqi as well as nuance the centrality of meat in the Siwa period diet.

TRỞ LẠI VẤN ĐỀ NGUỒN GỐC TRUYỆN KIỀU

Trong lời tựa bản dịch “Kim Vân Kiều Thanh Tâm Tài Tử” của Tô Nam Nguyễn Đình Diệm (Tô, 1971, tr.5) có đưa ra một nghi vấn là phải chăng “Kim Vân Kiều” của Thanh Tâm Tài Tử “là của một nhà nho Việt Nam về sau đã dựa theo cuốn thơ “Đoạn trường tân thanh” mà soạn thảo, chứ không phải gốc ở bên Tàu.” Với thành quả sưu tầm, khảo cứu các văn bản còn nằm trong các văn khố trong và ngoài nước suốt mấy chục năm qua, vấn đề tưởng đã được giải quyết xong. Thế nhưng vấn đề ấy lại được đặt ra gần đây. Cùng với việc giới thiệu những tư liệu chúng tôi mới sưu tầm ở nước ngoài, bài viết này tổng thuật các thành tựu nghiên cứu trước nay về “Kim Vân Kiều” để một lần nữa giải quyết rốt ráo vấn đề nguồn gốc “Truyện Kiều” nêu trên.

On the question of studying the examination system during the reign of the Manchu Qing Dynasty. The image of a student in the stories of Pu Songling

The stories of the Chinese writer Pu Songling about the extraordinary are well known all over the world: there are translations in English, French, German and Spanish. The article, based on the study of the stories of Pu Songling in the translations of the outstanding Russian orientalist Vasiliy Mikhailovich Alekseev (1881-1951), presents the image of a student and the features of the examination system (keju) during the reign of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China (1644-1911). The importance of fiction in the study of the content of the institution of state examinations is emphasized. Artistic images help to see the uniqueness and specificity of the keju system. Highly qualified translations of Liao Zhai's stories and V.M. Alekseev's comments create the image of a student - "a criminal in prison", "a bee frozen by the end of autumn", "a sick bird released from a cage", "a monkey on a leash", "a fly that has drunk poison", "a turtle dove whose eggs have broken". The materials of the article can be useful in preparing for classes in "History" study field. These stories allow considering the system of state examinations (keju) during the Qing Dynasty as a specific phenomenon of Chinese culture. The author considers three types of exams in the period of the Manchu Qing Dynasty - county-regional, provincial and metropolitan with a specific system of tasks and levels of difficulty for each level.

The Level of Accuracy and Grammatical Complexity in Written Texts by Chinese Students

The influence of the first language (L1) on the acquisition of a second language (L2) is inevitable. In addition, when L1 and L2 do not belong to the same language family, a negative influence, i.e., an interference, will occur. The current study aims to investigate the level of accuracy and grammar complexity in texts written by Chinese upper secondary school students from the perspective of language transfer. It involves an analysis of a small corpus comprising 54 texts with the use of the terminable unit (T-unit) measure. The finding shows that the Chinese writers produced a text with only a few error-free T-units largely due to the syntactical transfer from Chinese to English. With regard to grammatical complexity, subordinate clauses are frequent in the corpus but relative clauses are rare.

A Deep Learning Method for Chinese writer Identification with Feature Fusion

Writer identification is one of the research hotspots of computer vision and pattern recognition, and it is of great significance in the fields of judicial authentication, file security protection, historical document analysis, and so on. However, many problems are still challenging due to the different writing sources, the common features of learning local features, and the implicit features of handwriting style. This paper uses the fusion of depth features and manual features to obtain handwriting style features from handwriting pictures. Firstly, the handwriting picture is pre-treatment and divided into small pixel blocks, and then the depth feature and LPQ feature information are extracted from each pixel block, and the depth features are reduced by PCA, and then the local features are encoded into global features through the Vlad algorithm. So far, the depth global feature and the LPQ global feature of a page of handwriting pictures are obtained, and the two features are combined as the global feature vector of the page of handwriting. And our method has achieved good results on the CASIA-HWDB data set.

말레이시아 화인화문 시문학의 트랜스내셔널리즘과 문화적 정체성 연구

This paper studied the transnationalism and cultural identity through the development of the Overseas Chinese poetry in Malaysia. In Malaysia, the Overseas Chinese formed a single ethnic group and developed the cultural identity of the Overseas Chinese in a multiracial and multicultural society. In this paper, I studied the transnationalism and cultural identity that appeared in their poems, focusing on the works of 20th-century Overseas Chinese poetry in Malaysia. Through these studies, it is possible to understand the poetry world of Southeast Asia’s Overseas Chinese and to form a unique collective and cultural consciousness through the sinophone literature of Overseas Chinese.<BR> This article mainly considered the works of leading Malaysia’s Overseas Chinese writers Liu-si, Wen-renping, Wen-ruian, Wu-an, and Tian-si. By examining their world of poetry, one could understand the ethnic diversity and homogeneity of Overseas Chinese included in their world of poetry. In particular, in their poetry literature, the identification, ethnic and cultural identities of the Overseas Chinese are emerging. Homesickness about China, Taiwan, and hometown were expressed. And imaginative features of the transnational and ethnic group emerged. Thus, since the 20th century, they have moved to Malaysia, settled down, established their world of poetry, and developed Malaysia

말레이시아 화인화문 시문학의 트랜스내셔널리즘과 문화적 정체성 연구

This paper studied the transnationalism and cultural identity through the development of the Overseas Chinese poetry in Malaysia. In Malaysia, the Overseas Chinese formed a single ethnic group and developed the cultural identity of the Overseas Chinese in a multiracial and multicultural society. In this paper, I studied the transnationalism and cultural identity that appeared in their poems, focusing on the works of 20th-century Overseas Chinese poetry in Malaysia. Through these studies, it is possible to understand the poetry world of Southeast Asia’s Overseas Chinese and to form a unique collective and cultural consciousness through the sinophone literature of Overseas Chinese.<BR> This article mainly considered the works of leading Malaysia’s Overseas Chinese writers Liu-si, Wen-renping, Wen-ruian, Wu-an, and Tian-si. By examining their world of poetry, one could understand the ethnic diversity and homogeneity of Overseas Chinese included in their world of poetry. In particular, in their poetry literature, the identification, ethnic and cultural identities of the Overseas Chinese are emerging. Homesickness about China, Taiwan, and hometown were expressed. And imaginative features of the transnational and ethnic group emerged. Thus, since the 20th century, they have moved to Malaysia, settled down, established their world of poetry, and developed Malaysia

However and other transitions in the Han CH-EN corpus

Research on the frequency of transitions, or transition markers, has led to contested claims. Comparisons by L1 speaker (e.g. Leedham, 2015; Lei, 2012) argue that Chinese writers overuse and underuse certain transitions when compared to L1 English writers. Moreover, Biber et al. (1999) suggest transitions are frequent in technical scientific writing, while Hyland (2005) suggests they are more frequent in the discursive writing of the soft disciplines. Our study contributes to both these areas with evidence from a contrastive analysis of transition use by Chinese and English writers in the Han CH-EN corpus, a closely matched corpus of successful university student writing in English.A frequency comparison of transition use by Chinese and English writers finds no significant difference for most transitions. The transition used most often by both groups is however, which is examined across contexts. English writers use however significantly more than Chinese writers, but only in a small number of disciplines, genres and sentence positions. An examination of the literacy practices in these contexts suggests that terms such as ‘overuse’ and ‘underuse’ with their negative connotations should only be used when frequency data is combined with investigations of appropriate use in context.

What Does Tang Poetry Mean to Contemporary Chinese Writers?

Abstract Examining how contemporary poets raised in China are looking at classical Chinese poetry from the Tang—in particular, the poetry and the figure of Li Bai 李白 (701–762)—this article questions the epistemological divide, common to scholarship, between premodern and modern Chinese poetry. The texts come from Shenqing shi 深情史 (Histories of Affection) by Liu Liduo 劉麗朵 (1979–); The Banished Immortal, Chinese-American poet and novelist Ha Jin's 哈金 (1956–) biography of Li Bai; the book-length poem-sequence Tang 唐, by Yi Sha 伊沙 (1966–); and poet Xi Chuan's 西川 (1963–) scholarly book Tang shi de dufa 唐詩的讀法 (Reading Tang Poetry). The author contends not only that these writers' dealings with Tang poetry make it part of a still-living tradition but also that such engagement offers a way to understand the dynamic, rather than static, canonicity of Tang poetry.

日本中世和化漢文における非使役「令」の機能

日本中世和化漢文における非使役「令」の機能

AKULTURASI SENI PERANAKAN TIONGHOA-MAKASSAR

This study is a qualitative study using objective approach. Research objectives of this study are describing the historical background of Chinese in Makassar and acculturation of Makassarese Chinese in the field of art. The data is collected through interview, observations, and review of literature. In processing the data, there are three techniques used: (1) Data Reduction; (2) Display Data; and (3) Conclusion Drawing and Verification. The results of the study reveal that Chinese came to Indonesia since centuries ago during dynastic war in Cina. They came in Makssar during Dinasti Tang on 15th. They came gradually and began to settle in Makassar during the reign of Kerajaan Gowa. This was the beginning of acculturation. At the time, they mingle with indigenous people and began to pursue various fields, including in art and culture. In music, one of Chinese named Ho Eng Djie was famous for his songs such as Amma Ciang or Atti Raja. In addition, a Chinese writer was famous with his work, Pantoen Melajoe Makassar.

Turgenev’s traditions and motifs in the collection “Dragons, Tigers and Dogs” by Ba Jin

The subject of this research is the adoption and development of the motifs of I. S. Turgenev&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Poems in Prose&amp;rdquo; in the lyrical collection &amp;ldquo;Dragons, Tigers and Dogs&amp;rdquo; by Ba Jin, who was dubbed &amp;ldquo;China&amp;rsquo;s Turgenev&amp;rdquo;. Attention is focused on the analysis of literary techniques adopted by Ba Jin from Turgenev, such as: narrative methods, motifs of the dreams, latent psychologism and profound psychologism of the landscape, symbolism, and fundamental musicality of the text. The research material contains the lyrical cycles of both writers, author's commentaries, journal articles published in Russia and China dedicated to examination of Turgenev's impact upon the Chinese writers. The article employs the historical-functional and comparative methods of analysis. The author is first to explore the influence of Turgenev's &amp;ldquo;Poems in Prose&amp;rdquo; on the works of Ba Jin, which defines the scientific novelty of this research. Ba Jin's scrutiny of Turgenev's &amp;ldquo;Poems in Prose&amp;rdquo;, during his work on translations, is reflected in his collection on the level of symbolism and the choice of motifs, command of language and literary style overall. The musicality of Turgenev's &amp;ldquo;Poems in Prose&amp;rdquo; encouraged Ba Jin to pursue the new artistic expressiveness of the language. The aesthetic peculiarities of Turgenev's &amp;ldquo;Poems in Prose&amp;rdquo; are consonant with the traditions and aesthetic requests of the Ancient Chinese literature, which justifies the enduring popularity of Turgenev&amp;rsquo;s works in China.

Engagement, reunion, division: 1979 Chinese Weekend in Iowa City

ABSTRACT This essay analyzes the Chinese Weekend at the International Writing Program in Iowa City to illustrate the nuances of the late Cold War geopolitics via transpacific cultural exchange. By looking at the Chinese writers at the IWP in 1979, it narrates a late Cold War story about cross-national, interpersonal exchange that goes beyond the framework of the governmental powerplay. The analysis of the Chinese Weekend, however, reveals that the exchange at the IWP was considerably mediated by the U.S.’s China policy. By zooming in to the Chinese Weekend held in Iowa City, this essay offers a glimpse of what 1979 meant for the Chinese diaspora in the U.S., and how the meaning was different for Chinese writers visiting Iowa City. Taking the Chinese Weekend as a case study, this essay interrogates the role of the IWP in engaging with China. It argues that although the IWP tried to transcend the division of the two Chinas, the Program could hardly free itself from the Cold War divide. Whereas the Chinese Weekend is celebrated as a Chinese reunion, the reunion was implicated in the geopolitics of Cold War in the 1970s.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ УТОПИЯ КАК НОВЫЙ ЖАНР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ В КИТАЕ В ПЕРВОЙ ЧЕТВЕРТИ ХХ В

This article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of the genre system in Chinese literature in the first quarter of the twentieth century. The purpose of the study is to trace the transformation of the creative manner of the writers of the period under study. Subject - novels of the famous Chinese writers, not translated into Russian. The comparative-historical method was used to analyze the subject matter and stylistics of the works of narrative genres. The article concludes that at the beginning of the twentieth century, Chinese writers used new genre forms - the socially utopian novel and stories. In their writings, Chinese writers reflected the current problems of the life of the country. The traditional genre of the novel underwent changes: the number of chapters and acting characters was reduced, and a patriotic theme emerged. Social prose was not highly artistic, but it paved the way for the birth of modern Chinese literature. The results of the study fill a gap in the history of China in the first quarter of the twentieth century.