Change Of Government Research Articles

Evaluating the Current Energy-Cleanability Position and its Impact on the Economic Sustainability

The transition from traditional to sustainable energy is nothing without easy access to clean energy. Therefore, different economies have made smooth transitions but still there is gap in energy cleanability across the world. Here, this study adopted two stage-analyses; initially it presents an overlook of energy cleanability transition through applying Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with entropy weightage in low middle & upper middle income countries. Therefore, the fallout of TOPSIS discloses the outcomes and found more divergence trends in lower middle income countries. Furthermore, the current study examined the impact of energy cleanability gap on economic development in selected panels from 2000 to 2019. Then, unclean energy is to blame for the declining trend in economic development. Furthermore, sustainability in the energy transition is more required as it has its costs and benefits and needs more government commitment and regulatory changes. So, avoiding such vulnerabilities requires massive financing to tackle it and improve flexibility to economic development.

The African Union's quest for a "peaceful and secure Africa": An assessment of Aspiration Four of Agenda 2063

This article undertakes a comprehensive assessment of the African Union (AU)'s Agenda 2063 Aspiration 4: A peaceful and secure Africa and the progress made at continental level towards it. Aspiration 4 is informed by the AU's acknowledgment that the scourge of conflict on the continent plays a significant role in hampering socioeconomic development. Against this background, the article examines the role played by the AU and its regional economic communities (RECs) in response to armed conflict on the continent, as exemplified by the AU and Southern African Development Community (SADC) response to the Cabo Delgado conflict in northern Mozambique. The AU's response to the recent surge of military coups in Africa is also examined, with a focus on the coups in Sudan in 2019 and 2021. The article concludes that the Agenda 2063 blueprint is a useful tool for the continental body when dealing with the scourge of conflicts and unconstitutional changes of governments, which threatens to hamper the AU's developmental agenda.

Government's Strategy For The Protection Of Musical Copyrights In Digital Transformation Era In Indonesia

The digital transformation era has become a trigger for system changes in government, organizations, the work industry, and also the music industry. Protection of music copyrights has become very popular with the ongoing rampant piracy amid digitalization. The government as a regulator plays a role as an active actor in protecting music copyrighted works. This study aims to analyze the role and strategy of the government in addressing the constraints in maintaining copyrighted music. This study uses the approach of the concept of Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Rights. The result achieved is that the government does not merely try to get rid of music pirates to protect music copyrights in the digital era. Rather, it is by integrating government policies into foreign music platforms to monitor and intervene in piracy. Governments can also create music platforms, and regulate so that pirates are obligated by the terms of those platforms to give credit to the original creators.

Governmental Transformation in the Era of the Post Pandemic: Analyzing the Impacts of the Pandemic on Organizational Cultural Change in Government

Governmental Transformation in the Era of the Post Pandemic: Analyzing the Impacts of the Pandemic on Organizational Cultural Change in Government

Relationship between Diversification, Institutional Environment and Growth: A Study of Agricultural Companies in China

China’s economic growth has been heavily driven by its agriculture-related industries. This growth has been attributed to several factors, including government policies, technological advancements, and changing consumer preferences. This research aims to shed light on the underlying mechanisms that have enabled agriculture-related listed companies to thrive in China’s rapidly evolving economic landscape. Specifically, this study examines the role of the institutional environment, diversification strategy, and Confucian culture in the growth of these companies. Based on the institutional basic view theory, transaction cost theory, principal–agent theory, brand theory, and enterprise growth theory, this study uses empirical research to analyse the diversification strategy and growth of 204 agriculture-related listed companies from 2010 to 2019. The study selected companies listed as Class A in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery with complete data and more than three years of history. The selection also covered those whose income from agriculture accounted for more than 50% of the total in 2021, or those with the highest income related to agriculture accounting for over 30% of the total income. The collected data is analysed with SPSS and Stata. The results showed that the formal institutional environment significantly suppresses the diversification strategy of agriculture-related listed companies, while the Confucian culture in the informal institutional environment significantly promotes it. The interaction between the formal and informal institutional environments has a complementary effect on the choice of diversification strategy. The study also finds that diversification strategy significantly suppresses the growth of agriculture-related listed companies, and the formal institutional environment has a more significant inhibitory effect on the diversification strategy of agriculture-related listed companies. In the informal institutional environment, Confucian culture plays a more significant role in promoting the diversification strategy of agriculture-related listed companies. The output of this study is an empirical investigation of the level of institutional setting and diversity production, which could aid in sustainable development and revitalisation of rural communities. Applying the results of this study could help managers anticipate future policy changes and adjust their strategies accordingly, while also assisting companies in developing new products and services that meet changing demand.

Pakistan’s Perennial Relations with China: Imran Khan Tenure (2018-22)

Pakistan’s relations with China that established seven decade ago, flourished and cemented with the passage of every passing day. These relations were never effected by the change of government in both states because it is penetrated in the heart and soul of people of both states. Imran Khan tenure was crucial because there were many transformations in region as well as at world level. This was the time when U.S was planning to take its troop from Afghanistan, India had illegally changed the status of Kashmir, economic rivalry between China and U.S was growing day by day, CPEC and challenges, and above all Covid-19 pandemic. This paper is an attempt to highlight the events and there consequences during Khan tenure on Pakistan-China relations. Secondary data was used to analyze this paper. Material from Chinese and Pakistani ministries and foreign offices was taken beside consulting books, newspapers and articles from research journals.

2022 Charles Todd Oration

The Charles Todd Oration is an annual event run by TelSoc and is named for Charles Todd, the Postmaster-General of South Australia, who was responsible for completing the Overland Telegraph Line from Darwin to Adelaide in 1874. The 2022 Oration was delivered in Sydney on 21 October 2022 by The Hon. Michelle Rowland, MP, Minister for Communications. At the time she had been in the role for about 5 months following the change of government at the Federal election on 21 May 2022. The Minister used her speech to set out the Government’s aims for the communications sector and its initial priorities, and to reflect on her appreciation of the circumstances and potential for the sector, its stakeholders and end-users of communications services. References and endnotes have been added by Jim Holmes, Chair of TelSoc, to enable further reference by interested readers on the matters noted, and for the accuracy and relevance of which TelSoc accepts complete responsibility.

Conceptual Analysis of Public Policy Failures in Nigeria: Tract to Economic Underdevelopment

The study examined the conceptual issues of public policy failure in Nigeria and how it affects economic development. The main objective of the study is to conceptually analyses public policy failures in Nigeria as a tract to economic underdevelopment. Contents method was used in the analysis. This means that the study uses conceptual analysis and rational analysis in assessing the public policies failures in Nigeria. The study was based on the thesis of elite theory. The study reveals that public policies are not effective in Nigeria. The paper also reveals the consequences of public policies failure in Nigeria. The study analyzed the concept of public policy and economic underdevelopment. The study concludes that constant changes of government in Nigeria, high level of corruption among government officials of these public policies agencies among others affected the smooth operations of public policies in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that there should be continuity in public policy implementation even where there is change in government as government is a continuum; and parochial and primordial interests should be avoided during policy formulation and implementation in the country. There should be capital punishment in the country constitution to address the issues of corruption in Nigeria.

양안경제교류의 정치경제학: 중국의 정책변화와 타이상(台商)의 대응

본 연구는 지난 30년간 진행되어 온 양안경제교류를 중국의 정책변화와 타이상(중국에서 활동하는 대만상인)의 대응을 중심으로 분석한다. 중국의 정책변화는 타이상의 활동을 위한 구조를 형성해왔으며 타이상의 대중국 투자와 경제활동은 양안 경제교류를 견인해 왔다. 타이상의 활동에 중요한 영향을 미친 중국의 정책변화로는 1992년 ‘남순강화(南巡講話)’이후 개혁개방의 가속화, 2001년 WTO 가입, 2008년 자본주의 방향으로 노동법 개정과 산업정책의 변화, 그리고 2015년 반도체 산업의 발전을 위한 〈중국제조2025〉의 선포가 있다. 초기의 두 정책은 타이상에게 우호적인 사업과 투자 환경을 조성하여 타이상의 대중국 활동을 확장시켰다. 그러나 이후의 두 정책은 타이상을 양극화시켰고, 중소기업 타이상의 활동을 위축시켰다. 한편 중국의 반도체 굴기 전략은 미국의 개입을 가져와 양안경제교류에 새로운 행위자를 추가시켰다. 본 연구는 이러한 특징을 기반으로 양안경제교류를 중국 개혁개방의 가속화와 타이상의 진출기, 중국의 WTO 가입과 타이상의 확장기, 중국의 자본주의적 개혁과 타이상의 조정기, 그리고 중국의 반도체 산업 굴기와 타이상의 관망기로 구분한다.

Looking Back—Australia’s Sustainable Development and Climate Change Policy Agendas

In November 2022, a climate change performance index report released at the COP27 United Nations conference in Egypt, ranked Australia 55th on a list of 63 countries and country groupings in addressing the climate crisis. Australia is a leading development partner in the Pacific region; a region economically, environmentally, socially, and culturally impacted by climate change and global warming in the form of (e.g.,) rapid sea level rises, alarming shifts in marine ecosystems, and extreme weather events. How did Australia, a high-income country situated in the Pacific, become a nation that trails other developed countries in addressing climate change? Why has there been a lack of urgency for uptake of sustainable development policy and planning? A new Federal Government, elected in May 2022, has indicated willingness to meaningfully progress Australia’s interconnected climate change, wellbeing, and sustainability policy agendas, in which futures public health policy is inextricably linked. This change in government provides an important moment to review Australia’s sustainable-development climate change policy landscape over a 35-year period. By examining this landscape through a health lens, this paper can provide one of many critical perspectives tracing Australia’s slippage to the bottom of the global climate rankings today.

Evolution of research funding for neglected tropical diseases in Brazil, 2004-2020.

Neglected tropical diseases are a global public health problem. Although Brazil is largely responsible for their occurrence in Latin America, research funding on the subject does not meet the population's health needs. The present study analyzed the evolution of research funding for neglected tropical diseases by the Ministry of Health and its partners in Brazil, from 2004 to 2020. This is a retrospective study of data from investigations registered on Health Research (Pesquisa Saúde in Portuguese), a public repository for research funded by the Ministry of Health's Department of Science and Technology. The temporal trend of funding and the influence of federal government changes on funding were analyzed using Prais-Winster generalized linear regression. From 2004 to 2020, 1,158 studies were financed (purchasing power parity (PPP$) 230.9 million), with most funding aimed at biomedical research (81.6%) and topics involving dengue, leishmaniasis and tuberculosis (60.2%). Funding was stationary (annual percent change of -5.7%; 95%CI -54.0 to 45.0) and influenced by changes to the federal government. Research funding was lacking for chikungunya, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, malaria and taeniasis/cysticercosis, diseases with a high prevalence, burden or mortality rates in Brazil. Although the Ministry of Health had several budgetary partners, it was the main funder, with 69.8% of investments. The study revealed that research funding for neglected tropical diseases has stagnated over the years and that diseases with a high prevalence, burden and mortality rate receive little funding. These findings demonstrate the need to strengthen the health research system by providing sustainable funding for research on neglected tropical diseases that is consistent with the population's health needs.

The Phenomenon of Religious Conversion in Astana: A Sociological Analysis

Kazakh society underwent a process of russification and baptism during the Russian Empire, a policy of secularization under the Soviet government, and religious and social changes after independence, such as a religious revival. With the revival of Islam in society, missionary activity by Christian denominations also began to gain strength. These religious and social changes in society naturally allowed people to convert. That is, there were more and more people in Kazakh society who changed their religion. In this article, a sociological study is conducted on people who adopted religion, and they are analyzed from the perspective of the sociology of religion. Twenty-five respondents with Kazakh citizenship participated in the study. Methods of sociological research such as observation, interviewing and analysis were used.

Minimum government assistance: planning cottage resettlement areas in post-war Hong Kong

ABSTRACT After the Second World War, large squatter areas flourished everywhere, threatening Hong Kong’s safety and sanitation. In 1948, the government took action and required squatters to move to designated resettlement areas where they would be less of a public nuisance. There, evicted squatters could build simple cottages or huts at their own expense. Most cottage resettlement areas were located on steep hillsides unsuitable for permanent development. Interestingly, the cottage resettlement areas were initially portrayed by the government as a solution to the squatter problem, but they have since been deemed a wasteful use of prime urban land. What made the government change its attitude towards the cottage resettlement areas? This study challenges the common narrative that often describes cottage resettlement as a failed squatter resettlement strategy that was quickly replaced by a massive programme to construct multi-storey resettlement estates. It demonstrates the way cottage resettlement was used as one of the means of resettlement alongside the direct government construction of resettlement housing. Further, it shows how the self-built nature of the cottage resettlement areas was preferred by a government that maintained a principal policy of offering only minimal assistance and public funding to squatter resettlement.

Australia's political engagement on health and climate change: the MJA-Lancet Countdown indicator and implications for the future.

Australia's political engagement on health and climate change: the MJA-Lancet Countdown indicator and implications for the future.

Punctuated Equilibrium Policy of Village Government Budget Following the Pandemic

The pandemic has resulted in changes to public policy, particularly in public budgeting. This is the case not only at the central level but also at local and village government levels. The challenge of changing public policy also occurs in the fiscal policy sector. Village governments are required to reallocate their budgets for activities to handle the pandemic and post-pandemic economic recovery. Hence, this article aims to describe changes in village government budgeting policy changes from the perspective of punctuated equilibrium in public policy studies. The data in this study were obtained through focus group discussions and secondary data collection. The study found that the political equilibrium of a policy cannot last forever. Policy changes occur if there is a change in the agreement between policy-making actors. Public policy changes have so far been understood to occur slowly and gradually. However, this article proves that it can occur drastically and within a short period of time.
 Keywords: fiscal decentralization, local autonomy, policy change, public finance, punctuated equilibrium public policy, rural local government budget

Veliki ilirski ustanak u radovima bosanskohercegovačkih naučnika

Modern Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the countries whose territories were most affected by the war during Baton’s uprising. Even the main leader of the insurgent forces, Bato Deasidiate, according to sources and literature, was originally from central Bosnia. For that reason, the mentioned uprising can be considered one of the most important events in the history of BiH. Systematic archaeological research in this area began only in the 19th century, after the Austro-Hungarian occupation in 1878. It is important to note that the term Bosnian is not used in this paper only if the scientist came from these areas. Those who worked in Bosnia and Herzegovina (especially Truhelka, Patsch and Bojanovski), whose works have left an indelible mark on the further development of historiography and archeology, will also be taken in this paper. The number of these works points to the fact that in BiH, Bato’s uprising is finally at the center of scientific work and research. Any change of government leads to historical events, in this case the Great Illyrian Uprising, being viewed through the prism of the ruling ideology.

A City Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities: The Case of Barcelona.

In the past, health inequalities were not prioritised in the political agenda of Barcelona. The change of city government (2015) was an opportunity to develop a Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities in the city, which is described in this article. The design of the Surveillance System formed part of the Joint Action for Health Equity in Europe (JAHEE), funded by the European Union. Various steps were considered by the experts to set up the System: define its objectives, target population, domains and indicators, and sources of information; perform data analysis; implement and disseminate the system; define the evaluation; and perform regular data updates. The System considers the following domains: social determinants of health, health-related with behaviours, use of healthcare, and health outcomes, and includes eight indicators. As axes of inequality, the experts chose sex, age, social class, country of origin, and geographical area. The Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities is presented on a website including different types of figures. The methodology used to implement the Surveillance System can be used to implement similar systems in other urban areas around the world.

The Maoist Insurgency and Peace Process in Nepal

The Nepalese civil war, or People’s War, was the result of stalled peace negotiations between the democratic government and the paramilitary wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). Nepal's first decade of democracy is considered turbulent due to frequent government changes, internal party battles and corruption. Politics continued to be dominated by the Brahmin and Chhetri castes with an underrepresentation of ethnic minorities and women. Nepal Communist Party Maoist said that the insurgency began to fight against the 250 years long monarchy, deeply rooted economic & social discrimination & prejudices, Feudal system and against all kinds of injustices & inequalities prevalent in the society.

Public Perception of the Hungarian Local Government Reform

Following a change of government in 2010, the Hungarian local government system underwent a period of significant transformation. The question of how it is viewed and the effects it may have are currently being debated. The centralising effort of the government had already become clear beyond a shadow of a doubt before the adoption of the Cardinal Act or the Fundamental Law (2011) itself. This was followed by the steps of the local government reform, which transferred many local government powers to the state. Municipalities lost influence over local public education institutions, municipal hospitals and many other areas. In this situation, where there was a significant loss of influence by local elites, it became an interesting question to what extent this changed society’s relationship with local government. Our comprehensive research has conducted a number of quantitative and qualitative studies to answer this question. Between 2016 and 2018, our research group had the opportunity to conduct four empirical studies to assess knowledge, attitudes and opinions related to local government. This paper presents and interprets the results of this research, and an important area of public attitudes towards local government, in particular with regard to the division of responsibilities between the state and municipalities.

Repairing social connections: Dismantling carbon infrastructures with care

In this final commentary to close the forum, I engage with the responses to my article, ‘Repair and Care: Locating the Work of Climate Crisis’. These rich analyses provide a basis from which to reflect on three developments since writing the first article: cascading disasters caused by intense weather events; a change of government that has shifted Australia's political relationship with climate change; and a year of fieldwork with metallurgical coal miners in a rapidly transforming energy landscape. Together, the responses offer a nuanced approach to the work of climate change that is more attentive to power and politics, diverse skills and knowledges, and the structures and systems that continue to marginalise those who are tasked with repair and care.