Changes In Terminology Research Articles

(255–257) Proposals to clarify the meaning of “author” in Article 9.4 and exempt Article 7.8 from applying to names untypified before 2026

(255–257) Proposals to clarify the meaning of “author” in Article 9.4 and exempt Article 7.8 from applying to names untypified before 2026

Updates in the classification of prostate tumors: changes in content and terminology, molecular genetics

Updates in the classification of prostate tumors: changes in content and terminology, molecular genetics

Validation of RUBY for Breast Cancer Knowledge Extraction From a Large French Electronic Medical Record System.

RUBY is a tool for extracting clinical data on breast cancer from French medical records on the basis of named entity recognition models combined with keyword extraction and postprocessing rules. Although initial results showed a high precision of the system in extracting clinical information from surgery, pathology, and biopsy reports (≥92.7%) and good precision in extracting data from consultation reports (81.8%), its validation is needed before its use in routine practice. In this work, we analyzed RUBY's performance compared with the manual entry and we evaluated the generalizability of the approach on different sets of reports collected on a span of 40 years. RUBY performed similarly or better than the manual entry for 15 of 27 variables. It showed similar performances when structuring newer reports but failed to extract entities for which changes in terminology appeared. Finally, our tool could automatically structure 15,990 reports in 77 minutes. RUBY can automate the data entry process of a set of variables and reduce its burden, but a continuous evaluation of the format and structure of the reports and a subsequent update of the system is necessary to ensure its robustness.

Classification of peripheral T-cell lymphomas : News and open questions

Recently, two new classifications were released: the International Consensus Classification (ICC) drafted by the Clinical Advisory Committee and the short version of the 5th Edition of the WHO classification of hematolymphoid tumors. In light of new clinical, morphological, and molecular data, both classifications also revised the classification of peripheral T‑cell lymphomas. In addition to relatively minor changes in terminology and disease definitions, both new classifications mirror the considerable gain of knowledge on the genetic alterations of different T‑cell lymphoma entities. The present review summarizes the most important changes for T‑cell lymphomas in both classifications, the differences between the classifications, and diagnostically relevant issues.

Beyond donation to organ utilization in the USA.

The deceased donor organ pool has broadened beyond young, otherwise healthy head trauma victims. But an abundance of donated organs only benefits patients if they are accepted, expeditiously transported and actually transplanted. This review focuses on postdonation challenges and opportunities to increase the number of transplants through improved organ utilization. We build upon recently proposed changes in terminology for measuring organ utilization. Among organs recovered for transplant, the nonuse rate (NUR REC ) has risen above 25% for kidneys and pancreata. Among donors, the nonuse rate (NUR DON ) has risen to 40% for livers and exceeds 70% for thoracic organs. Programme-level variation in offer acceptance rates vastly exceeds variation in the traditional, 1-year survival benchmark. Key opportunities to boost utilization include donation after circulatory death and hepatitis C virus (HCV)+ organs; acute kidney injury and suboptimal biopsy kidneys; older and steatotic livers. Underutilization of less-than-ideal, yet transplant-worthy organs remains an obstacle to maximizing the impact of the U.S. transplant system. The increased risk of inferior posttransplant outcomes must always be weighed against the risks of remaining on the waitlist. Advanced perfusion technologies; tuning allocation systems for placement efficiency; and data-driven clinical decision support have the potential to increase utilization of medically complex organs.

TRANSTERMINOLOGISATION AS A SECONDARY NOMINAL PRODUCT

Changes in terminology as a result of sharp changes in the state and society, the rapid development of science, terms that create new meanings are gaining a stronger place in the vocabulary of the Uzbek language. The terminological system, in turn, is an open, stable, independent system divided into thematic groups, with various paradigmatic relations between the fields and their elements, and at the same time, it is micro-system in relation to language and macro-system in relation to its semantic groups.

SOIL SCIENCE IN THE LIGHT OF THE LANGUAGE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE

Problem Statement and Purpose. The most relevant «language» law of Ukraine is «On ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language». One of its tasks is to use the language in accordance with the requirements of Ukrainian spelling and other standards of the state language; to use of Ukrainian words, phrases and terms instead of foreign ones, raising the level of awareness of citizens about them. The purpose of the study is to analyze the changes in Ukrainian soil science terminology in the XX‑th century; to inform the scientific community, citizens about the forgotten Ukrainian soil phrases and terms, to «reanimate» some of them. Data & Methods. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, comparative, comparative-historical, descriptive, source analysis. We can learn the most of the Ukrainian soil science terminology from the works of scientists of the 20–30’s years of the XX century. H. H. Makhov’s monograph «Soils of Ukraine» (1930) we consider to be the most authoritative scientific publication of that period. Results.The article presents Ukrainian soil science terms of the period of «Ukrainization» and their modern interpretation, as well as terms in dictionaries of different years of publications. The origin and development of some soil science terms (podzolization, capillary border, chernozem, podzol) are analyzed. It is proposed to use popeliasti soils and words derived from it instead of the term podzolic soils in Ukraine (spopil’nennia, popil’niaky etc.), as well as to return the terms pozem, verstva, proverstky, verstvuvatist’, etc. to scientific use. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of changes that have taken place in the Ukrainian soil science terminology, substantiation of the expediency of returning some forgotten phrases and terms. The need to preserve the identity of the Ukrainian language, in particular in soil science, was emphasized.

"Консерватизм" и "новаторство" на кафедре истории средних веков исторического факультета МГУ в 1970-х - 1990-х гг. (анализ изменения тем дипломных работ)

The article discusses the changes in topics of the graduate theses, defended at the Department of the Medieval History of the Faculty of History of Moscow State University in the 1970s-1990s. The influence of that Department at Soviet and Post-Soviet Medieval Studies was described from diametrically opposed positions in the context of the so-called "Memoirs War": it was considered either as a leading institution or as an inert “medieval establishment”, suppressing free scientific search of the “unofficial medievalists”. In our opinion, this problem cannot be fully comprehended without referring to the issue of interaction between different generations, an everyday work of the scientific advisors with their students. We investigate a database of diplomas defended at the Department in the period 1970-1990, tracking changes in terminology and analyzing, in what manner was effected the transition from the "conservative" era of the 1970s (which was characterized by an outward adherence to Marxist dogmas) to the thematic and methodological diversity of the 1990s. These changes are characterized not as a sharp fracture and a "revolutionary" establishment of the entirely new approaches, but as a gradual, decades long "shift" of the thematic spectrum: a decrease in the number of topics related to the marxist dogmatism and an increase in the number of works inspired by the other methodological approaches. At the same time there were preserved some elements of the “conservative” tradition, and were developing some “innovative” ideas (at first little by little, and then more and more intensively). An extremely important role in these transformations was played by external factors - socio-political changes, the innovative methodological searches of "unofficial medievalists". However, the mechanisms of "internal self-regulation", which, in our opinion, allowed the university environment to respond to external changes, were also very important.

Молодая семья как «ускользающий» социальный феномен в современных российских условиях

Introduction. Modern youth is included today in a variety of social institutions, within which their attitudes, identity values are formed. Sociological studies of recent decades clearly show that the family, despite all the variety of formal and substantive changes in modern institutions of family and marriage, occupies a leading place in the scale of value preferences of young Russians, transforming the matrimonial attitudes of young people and providing a complex mechanism of social integration. The multivariance and dynamism of modern family and marriage relations (cohabitation, changes in the age limits of marriage, changes in the limit of the duration of marriage, an increase in the number of remarriages, the absence of children in marriage, etc.) enhances the role and importance of individualized strategies for young people to enter this social institution, providing it has the opposite effect, in terms of further changes and transformations. Such a transformation, according to the authors, is typical for the modern institution of a young family, which, due to a number of interrelated trends, and in particular the trend of “postponed marriage”, may cease to be an actual social phenomenon that allows young people to use some state types of assistance and support provided for families. of this kind. Methods. As part of the work, an analysis of legal documents is carried out: the Federal Law “On Youth Policy in the Russian Federation”, the Federal Target Program «Housing» for 2015-2020, the State Program «Providing affordable and comfortable housing and utilities for citizens of the Russian Federation». The empirical basis of the work is: data from all-Russian studies and the results of the sociological study «Marriage age: preferences of young people in the city of Rostov-on-Don», conducted in 2021 (N=200). Results and its discussion. The legal acts available in the Russian Federation have now begun to fix clearer criteria for the term "young family". The authors of the article believe that changes in normative terminology are associated with a steady trend towards an increase in the average age of both the bride and groom upon marriage, which in turn is due to many factors: the individualization of romantic relationships, increased freedom of choice, the change in public regulators of matrimonial attitudes to economic. Despite an attempt to formulate certain criteria for the term "young family" in the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, the authors note that the transformation of marriage with the tendencies of individualism, delayed marriage, a period of self-realization and delayed, and sometimes completely unrealized reproductive functions of the family, leads to the fact that the phenomenon young family, in the form in which it exists today, in the conditions of Russian society becomes elusive.

Definition Problems of the Term “Lightness” in the History of its Development

The article is devoted to the research of changes in lighting terminology on the example of one of the main properties of colour – lightness. The article substantiates the importance of the qualitative definition of terms for the professional understanding of various aspects of colorimetry and possibility of usage colour appearance models (CAM). Examples and comparisons of the wording of theterms of the CIECAM02 system are given based on variants from International Lighting Vocabularies (ILV) different years of release. The next is an example of the history of the development of the terms associated with different conditions of perception and definition of brightness, in particular, such as “lightness” and “subjective brightness”. The importance of the clear agreement between the terms and their definitions for the understanding, use, and development of the modern models and systems of colour perception is substantiated. The English-language and the Russian-language scientific sources are considered. The analysis of which demonstrates the dynamics of changes in the understanding of the term “Lightness”. Special attention is paid to the fate of the term in the Russian-language lighting literature, discrepancies in the interpretation of the term in various sources are shown, which can lead to a misunderstanding of modern colour appearance models. The comparison of the interpretation of the term“Lightness” is reviewing based on the English-language and the Russian-language scientific sources. The comparison helps to identify the reasons that led to the problems of definitions and understanding of this term. In the conclusion, the authors invite experts to discuss lighting terminology and harmonize Russian-language lighting literature with English-language literature. Also substantiates the importance of the participation of lighting engineering scientists in translations of different scientific literary sources devoted to colour perception. It is proposed to continue work on improving, and possibly a special reprinting of translations for the better understanding in the Russian lighting engineering literature.

Economic Process Behind Surgical Innovation

Objective: To analyze trends in open and minimally invasive (MIS) sacroiliac joint fusion (SIJF) that coincide with changes in compensation models and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Design: Database analysis Setting: American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Database Patients/Participants: Underwent SIJF, based on CPT codes, from 2007-2018 Intervention: Open and MIS SIJF Main Outcome Measurements: Proportion of open versus MISJ SIJF, proportion of inpatient vs outpatient SIJF, relative value units Results: There were 744 total SIJFs performed. Open SIJFs totaled 683, while 65 MIS SIJFs were performed. The number of SIJFs increased yearly, apart from two years, with a similar trend noted when controlling for the number of NSQIP entries per year. From 2014-2018, MIS SIJF made up a significantly larger proportion of total SIJFs (p<0.0001) and the proportion of outpatient SIJFs increased over the entire study period (p=0.0002). Conclusions: SIJF is being increasingly utilized, coinciding with regulatory approval and the American Medical Association’s formal recognition of MIS SIJF. Related changes to coding and compensation serve as a model for the economic processes behind surgical innovation, highlighting the importance of surgeon advocacy along the way. Level of Evidence: III; Retrospective Cohort Study Keywords: Sacroiliac joint; arthrodesis; fusion; minimally invasive; NSQIP, economics, compensation, policy

Words that Archaeologists Choose

Writing is the means by which archaeological knowledge is produced, shared and negotiated, which is why, as part of a wider reflexive archaeology, writing within the discipline has come under scrutiny. When writing, archaeologists make choices about what words to use to express their ideas about the past (even if these choices are sometimes subconscious). This study examines such choices via the application of methods from two linguistic subdisciplines, corpus linguistics and discourse analysis, to a case study of Maltese archaeological texts and terms for a specific yet problematic type of Maltese artifact (axe-amulets/pendants). Using these methods, we connect political and theoretical shifts to changes in English-language use and terminology across three periods of Maltese archaeological history, demonstrating how authors choose words that reflect the broader assumptions and understandings that inform their work. In sum, this paper contributes to an increasingly critically aware understanding of the history of colonial and postcolonial archaeology in Malta and other Mediterranean islands and encourages writers to have a heightened awareness of the taken-for-granted but fundamental part that language plays in their poetics and politics.

Causes of Mortality and Profile of Spontaneous Tumors in Young CD-1 Mice.

A retrospective study was performed to establish the causes of mortality and incidence patterns of tumors in young (<50 weeks) control CD-1® mice from Charles River Laboratories. Tumor incidences (fatal and nonfatal) and nonneoplastic causes of death observed during the first 50 weeks of the study were collected from 48 thirteen-week toxicity studies conducted between 2009 and 2018 and from 43 carcinogenicity studies conducted between 2005 and 2018. Thirteen-week studies had a mortality rate of 8/620 (1.3%) in males and 4/620 (0.65%) in females. The major factors contributing to death were integument lesions in males (3/8) and experimental procedure-related injuries in females (3/4). All tumors recorded were nonfatal. Bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma was the commonest tumor with the same incidence in both males and females (4/620, 0.65%); a single lymphoma (0.16%) and uterine leiomyosarcoma (1/620 0.16%) were reported in females. The mortality rates of males and females that died or were euthanized during the first 50 weeks in carcinogenicity studies were 192/2830 (6.8%) and 198/2830 (7%), respectively. The most common fatal tumor in this age group was lymphoma in both sexes, with an incidence of 18/192 (9.3%) and 41/198 (20.7%) in males and females, respectively. In males tumors were responsible for fewer deaths than in females (17% vs. 32.3%). The major nonneoplastic causes of death or moribundity were cutaneous lesions (44/192, 22.9%), and obstructive uropathy (39/192, 20.3%) in males, and chronic progressive nephropathy (40/198, 20.2%) in females. Only minor differences were evident compared to a similar study performed 15 years ago; these might reflect changes in terminology and diagnostic criteria, and stricter animal welfare endpoints.

Gaps in Framing and Naming: Commentary to "A Viewpoint on Accent Services".

In this commentary, we offer a critique of "A Viewpoint on Accent Services: Framing and Terminology Matter" (Grover et al., 2022). We argue that the authors' proposal to rename and reframe accent modification lacks criticality, which actually hinders-rather than advances-the movement toward equitable, culturally sustaining, and emancipatory practices. We offer an analysis of the shortfall between the authors' calls for linguistic justice in "A Viewpoint on Accent Services" and the actual changes they proposed. We break down major gaps in criticality, reflexivity, practice, and vision and discuss their potential for undercutting meaningful progress as it relates to linguistic justice. We found that the frameworks for the pursuit of equity, cultural sustenance, and emancipatory practices were misrepresented in the article in such a way that suggests that these goals could be achieved through superficial changes in terminology and attitudes. "A Viewpoint on Accent Services" upholds a power-neutral frame of operation that does not address the deeper systemic forces that make accent modification problematic. The lack of criticality toward accent intervention fosters complacency toward real transformation. We advocate for a serious and critical interrogation of accent practices and commitment to an emancipatory practice that addresses linguistic discrimination above all else. We emphasize the need to decenter standardized languages and to co-envision linguistic liberation using critical methods in scholarship, pedagogy, clinical practice, and policy.

Historical Archive of Blood Pressure and Evolution of Hypertension

Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood within the arteries of the circulatory system. The pulse is the feeling of the heartbeat in some arteries. Hypertension also known as high blood pressure, is the name given to a common medical condition in which the force exerted by the blood carried from the heart to the body against the walls of the arteries is high enough to cause health problems such as heart disease. Hypertension has been known since antiquity. Descriptions have been found in the Egyptian papyri, in ancient Chinese and Indian medical literature, as well as, in the work of ancient Greek physicians such as Galen and Hippocrates and Muslim scientists into Latin in Andalusia and Sicily. When we come to the 17th century, we see that blood circulation was experimentally proven by William Harvey. The important work of the 18th century, blood pressure was first recognized and first attempts were made to measure this pressure. The clinical sphygmomanometer that could measure systolic pressure over the radial artery is defined by Samuel von Basch in 1880. 20th century has witnessed changes in terminology, discovery of the measurement method that is recently used and emergence of pathogenetic definitions and by the middle of the twentieth century, checking BP by sphygmomanometer became part of the routine physical examination in hospitals and clinics. It was considered necessary to treat hypertension after the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the body were noticed. So reserpine, hydralazine, ganglion blocking agents, peripheral adrenergic inhibitor, oral diuretics, beta blocker, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers drugs such as were synthesized. While the use of some drugs is limited due to their side effects, some are still used in the treatment of hypertension today. Additionally the potential for gene therapy in hypertension is one that will be watched with interest.The search for new antihypertensive drugs are still ongoing. The potential for gene therapy in hypertension is one that will be watched with interest.&#x0D; Keywords: History of blood pressure, pulse, hypertension, antihypertensive drugs

The British journal of learning disabilities: A history

AbstractThis article examines the 50 year history of the British Journal of Learning Disabilities, which was launched as Apex, the Journal of the Institute of Mental Subnormality, in 1973. Changes in language and terminology are tracked and the journal is placed in the context of wider policy and social developments. Three general phases are identified in the trajectory of the journal: the hospital period, the shift to community care, and the post‐institutional period. The journal was not entirely anti‐institution in its earliest days, and each transition through its different phases is gradual rather than abrupt. The enduring continuity of the journal's commitment to interdisciplinarity, eclecticism and practice‐based research is evident throughout, and some of the controversies that have arisen from this approach are examined. The conflict between the desire to include people with learning disabilities in the journal and the academic demands of journal production is described.

Onward and Upward: Introducing the Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best PracticeTM

Onward and Upward: Introducing the Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best PracticeTM

Clubfoot pathoanatomy-biomechanics of deformity correction: a narrative review.

Clubfoot is a common and complex, multi-segmental, 3-dimensional, congenital foot deformity. The segmental deformities have been recognized for millennia. They are cavus of the forefoot/midfoot, adductus of the midfoot, varus of the hindfoot, and equinus of the ankle, often referred to by the acronym CAVE. However, description of the deformities and their correction have varied over time with changes in consensus terminology for foot deformities and the understanding of foot biomechanics. In this narrative review, the most current terminology for foot deformities and understanding of foot biomechanics are applied to the clubfoot. The concept of the calcaneopedal unit (CPU) is applied to the in-depth discussion and understanding of clubfoot for perhaps the first time in the English language literature. Of the 4 basic clubfoot deformities, cavus and adductus are static structural deformities within the CPU, i.e., all bones of the foot except the talus. Varus is a restricted dynamic deformity between the CPU and the talus. Equinus is a restricted dynamic deformity in the ankle joint between the talus and the tibia. Understanding the CPU concept improves ones understanding of clubfoot deformities and the rationale for treatment techniques. Consensual agreement on the terms used to define interosseous relationships and motions in the foot improves communication. Finally, this narrative review highlights the histologic and biologic changes that occur in collagen and cartilage during clubfoot deformity correction to provide further understanding and rationale for treatment.

Терминология библиотечно-информационной сферы: современные тенденции

Some aspects of formation of Ukrainian library and information terminology and its transformation in modern conditions are considered, in particular tendencies of changes in terminology in the context of reforming of library branch in the conditions of informatization and its reorientation to the electronic environment. The need for normative regulation of the library and information sphere in accordance with international standards, development, harmonization and implementation of unified scientific terminology is noted.

Reaching A Female Majority: A Silent Transition for Dentistry in the United Kingdom.

This paper highlights the process of transition to a female majority for dentistry, examines various influences on this trajectory, and considers the implications for the profession, health systems and patients, as well as individual dentists.This celebratory transition has been facilitated by educational systems that provide both males and females with equal opportunities and is supported by legislation, as well as societal change that has spanned decades. In crossing this gender representation threshold, we have outperformed doctors nationally.In order to embrace our highly educated workforce and support them to better serve their patients and the population, urgent debate and action aimed at reshaping current systems of dental care provision are required. In this regard, flexible working arrangements, together with reshaping professional leadership to better represent the workforce, as well as changes in terminology can all play their part; however, we will need careful discussions about how this might happen effectively.A collaborative effort between the dental profession and wider health systems is required to ensure that there are opportunities for everyone to flourish and contribute back to the profession and society. Our medical counterparts have been considering how healthcare should be shaped creatively, particularly in relation to working patterns, economic models and quality patient care: we need to catch up.