Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Research Articles

Eocene larger benthic Foraminifera from the Jahrum Formation (Kalbibak Section, Boldaji Region) in High Zagros, Iran: an approach on paleontology and biostratigraphy

The Jahrum Formation is a major Eocene carbonate deposit of High Zagros in the west of Iran. It consists of thin bedded to thick massive limestone, accumulated on a shallow marine platform within the Neo-Tethys Ocean realm. Fifty-five surface samples were collected throughout a 215 m section in the Kalbibak area (Boldaji region, Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province). The stratigraphic distribution of benthic foraminifers allows characterizing five foraminiferal biozones, which are in the following order: Alveolina aff. schwageri Taxon Range Zone, A. decastroi Taxon Range Zone, A. aff. frumentiformis–A. cf. stercusmuris Interval Zone, A. aff. stercusmuris–A. aff. fusiformis Interval Zone and Nummulites–Alveolina Assemblage Zone. The benthic foraminiferal associations in the studied area are similar to those recorded in Tethys realms and enable us to correlate the Jahrum Formation with the early to middle Eocene. Keywords: benthic foraminifers, biostratigraphy, Jahrum Formation, Kalbibak section, West Iran.

New biostratigraphy and microfacies analysis of Eocene Jahrum Formation (Shahrekord region, High Zagros, West Iran). A carbonate platform within the Neo-Tethys oceanic realm

The Eocene Jahrum Formation in High Zagros was studied in Kuh-e- Soukhteh and North Gahrou sections (southwest of Shahrekord region, Chahar-mahal Bakhtiari Province). This formation, composed of limestone, marl, and dolomitic limestone (dolostone), accumulated on a marine platform within the Neo-Tethys ocean realm. It yields a rich foraminiferal fauna, in which three larger benthic foraminiferal assemblage zones were identified. Two assemblage zones in the North Gahrou section were correlated to the Ypresian and Bartonian, and one assemblage zone is represented in the Kuh-e- Soukhteh section and assigned to the Bartonian. In addition, three other groups of benthic foraminiferal associations have been identified based on test wall type (porcellaneous, agglutinate, hyaline) and paleogeographical significance. A discontinuity marked by a hiatus from Cuisian to Lutetian in the North Gahrou section was most probably due to a concealed fault. According to microscopic textures and distribution of benthic foraminifera and other components (peloids, intraclasts, etc.), a gentle depth gradient from the inner ramp to the proximal outer ramp may be reconstructed.

Spatial modeling of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran from 2010 to 2018

Kala-Azar is the most lethal type of leishmaniasis, sporadic in most parts of Iran and prevalent in some provinces. Using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and satellite data analysis, we intended to assess the disease's incidence in Iran. Methods: Using GIS, data received from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran, Iran, and other associated institutions between 2010 and 2018 were evaluated. The disease's geographical distribution maps were then constructed, and the disease's hotspots in Iran were identified using spatial analysis using ArcGIS10.5 software. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis in ArcGIS10.5 was used to link disease-influencing variables such as temperature, relative humidity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and incidence of visceral leishmaniasis. Linear regression analysis, SPSS 21 software descriptive statistics, and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: This study revealed that the provinces of Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, North Khorasan, and Fars were the hot spots of VL. The provinces of Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, North Khorasan, Fars, Bushehr, Semnan, Sistan, Baluchistan, Esfahan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Qom, Golestan, and Kerman had the highest correlation between temperature, vegetation density, and the incidence of Kala Azar, as determined by geographical weighted regression analysis.

Organisational Trust and Tacit Knowledge Transfer

This research has investigated the effect of the dimensions of organisational trust (OT) on the tacit knowledge transfer (TKT) by the willingness to share (W2S) and the willingness to use (W2U) the tacit knowledge (TK) of public library employees. In terms of nature, the present study is an applied research that, using a descriptive-correlation method. The study sample includes 140 employees of public libraries in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province, the OT questionnaire Nguyen (2005) and the tacit knowledge sharing (KS) questionnaire Saparito(2000) were used. As well as descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression test were used to analyse the data. There is a positive and significant relationship between calculus-based trust(CBT) and employees’ willingness to TKT. There is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge-based trust (KBT) and employees’ W2S and apply TKT. There is a positive and significant correlation between identity-based trust (IBT) and employees’ W2S and apply TK. The relationship between IBT and the desire to KS is stronger than the relationship between CBT and KBT. Therefore, IBT has a stronger effect than KBT and CBT on the tendency to KS. Employees in the IBT stage are more inclined to share and use TK than employees in the CBT and KBT stage. The TKT is an interactive process formed by the trust between the parties. The results of the current study show that OT has a positive and significant effect on the TKT of public library staff.

Risk Mapping and Spatial Modeling of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Iran from 2009 to 2018: A GIS-Based Survey.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important parasitic infections in subgroup seven common neglected diseases of humans and animals. It is in the list of 18 neglected tropical diseases of the WHO. We aimed to analyze the situation of the disease in Iran using Geographical Information System (GIS) and satellite data analysis. The data obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran and other related centers from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed using GIS. Then, the spatial distribution maps of the disease were generated, and the hot spots of the disease in Iran were determined using spatial analysis of ArcGIS10.5 software. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis in ArcGIS10.5 was used to correlate the variables affecting the disease including temperature, relative humidity, normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) and incidence of hydatidosis. Data analysis was performed by Linear regression analysis and SPSS 21 software using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Zanjan, Khorasan Razavi, North Khorasan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Hamedan, Semnan, and Ardabil provinces were the hot spots of CE. The results of geographical weighted regression analysis showed that in Khorasan Razavi, North Khorasan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Hamedan, Semnan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Qazvin, and Ilam provinces, the highest correlation between temperature, humidity, vegetation density and the incidence of hydatidosis was observed (P<0.001). The use of maps could provide reliable estimates of at-risk populations. Climatic factors of temperature, humidity, NDVI had a greater impact on the probability of hydatidosis. These factors can be an indicator used to predict the presence of disease. Environmental and climatic factors were associated with echinococcosis.

Venomous animal bites and stings in Lordegan city, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province of Iran in 2019–2020

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of venomous animal sting and bites in Lordegan city, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province of Iran. In this descriptive study, data were collected based on the available information of Lordegan health centers during 2 years. The data were extracted, categorized, and analyzed statistically by tables. In the years 2019 to 2020, 1038 cases of bites have been reported in Lordegan city. Among the animals, stings with scorpion 67.8% and then bees 6.2%, snakes 3.6% and bites with unknown factor 22.2% were involved. Most cases of sting and bites occurred in the age range of 25 to 34 years (19.2%) and the lowest in the age group over 65 years (3.6%). Sting and bites were observed in men by 48.7% and in women 51.3%. Due to the sting and bites of various animals and the fact that some of these factors have been introduced as unknown, the need to increase the knowledge and awareness of health care staff and the same public education in high-risk areas can be significantly effective in the reduction of being bitten and its subsequent hardship.

Compsobuthus matthiesseni sting from Bazoft: A case report

Objective: A Scorpion sting is one of the most important health and medical problems in most parts of Iran. Case Presentation: This case report occurred in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province of Bazoft city. The injured person was a 48-year-old woman, weighing about 69 kg. Two documentary filmmakers were on their way to work and suddenly one of them felt pain caused by a sting in the thigh area of her lower limb. The patient was referred to the medical center with the ‘scorpion’ sample, where she was examined by a doctor. The doctor prescribed some medicine for the patient. The pain from the sting lasted for about three hours. The patient recovered after taking the medication and received counseling three days after the sting. A photo of the dorsal and ventral surface of the scorpion specimen was sent to the animal identification specialist along with the size and color record. Scorpion specimen with a size of 4 cm was identified as Compsobuthus matthiesseni. Conclusion: According to the findings of this report, the clinical signs of C. matthiesseni sting are mild in the injured person and comparable to the stings of yellow bees Vespa germania. There is local pain two to three hours after the sting. Other systemic clinical manifestations can improve after a maximum of 2 to 3 days.

Life Forms, Endemism and Medicinal Potentials of the flora of the Western Part of the Protected Area of Tang-e Sayad in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province

Life Forms, Endemism and Medicinal Potentials of the flora of the Western Part of the Protected Area of Tang-e Sayad in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province

Institutional analysis of top-down regulatory: evidence from Iran local governance

Abstract Population growth, along with climate change, has exacerbaed the water crisis in local communities. The simplest and quickest response of governments to such problems is direct intervention in local governance. Such solutions are usually proposed without regarding the indigenous knowledge of the local people. These also include top-down policies on water issues, which disrupt local institutional arrangements and eliminate the possibility of collective action by stakeholders in reaching an agreement. A case study of one of the water basins in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari in Iran (the Gorgak River in Sureshjan city) using an institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework shows that in the past, people acted collectively to solve the asymmetric distribution and drought problem. But government intervention, which initially sought to improve water conditions, has disrupted the region's institutional arrangements and power asymmetries between exploiters. Our study used the IAD framework to examine changes in institutional arrangements due to the introduction of technology and government intervention by the game theory. It clarifies that government intervention in local institutional arrangements, even if designed with the intention of improving conditions, may lead to greater inequality due to disregarding physical and social conditions and local knowledge. This inequality can eventually worsen the situation.

Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Indices of Plain and Aquifer on Optimum Location of Artificial Recharge Ponds (A Case Study of Khanmirza Plain, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province)

Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Indices of Plain and Aquifer on Optimum Location of Artificial Recharge Ponds (A Case Study of Khanmirza Plain, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province)

Comparison of Stepwise Multilinear Regressions, Artificial Neural Network, and Genetic Algorithm-Based Neural Network for Prediction the Plant Available Water of Unsaturated Soils in a Semi-arid Region of Iran (Case Study: Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province)

ABSTRACT Plant available water (PAW) is one of the physical parameters of soils and the basic data of irrigation plans. Although various theoretical or empirical approaches have been proposed to describe this phenomenon, it is still possible to investigate and evaluate the relevance and applicability of new sciences such as artificial neural network method in predicting this phenomenon. In existing methods for determination of PAW, time-consuming tests are required. Nowadays, the capabilities of artificial neural network (ANN) methods in modeling have led to the use of ANN in parallel with the application of conventional approaches in various engineering sciences. In this study, artificial neural networks have been used as a new method to predict the PAW of soils. The study area is Khanimirza plain in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Soil sampling was performed randomly from 0 to 20 cm depth. The measured property in this study was the amount of plant available water (PAW). Readily available parameters including sand, silt and clay percentage, organic carbon, bulk density (BD), pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), and calcium carbonate are considered as model inputs. Modeling was performed using Stepwise multilinear regressions (SMLR), artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm-based neural network (ANN-GA). The results of PAW modeling showed that ANN-GA model with 0.90 coefficient is better than the other two methods. In general, ANN and ANN-GA showed better performance than SMLR. In fact, ANN and ANN-GA do not use a special type of equations and the network can achieve satisfactory results by establishing a proper relationship between input and output data.

Predictors of puberty-related health behaviors among girl adolescents in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari.

It is important to recognize the various dimensions of puberty and planning for the education of adolescents and their parents who are on the verge of this course. The present study aimed to investigate predictors of puberty health behavior in adolescent girls. This correlational study was carried out on 280 female students from the eighth and ninth grades of high school who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was assessed using the face and content validity method (Panel view of the experts) and its reliability was tested by test-retest and internal consistency. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression at a significant level less than 0.05. Regression results with stepwise analysis showed that demographic variables other than the age of students (p=0.031) had no effect on the adoption of puberty health behaviors, but their students' knowledge and their attitude were good predictors of behaviors Health is puberty. Among the underlying and psychological variables, was the strongest prediction (Beta=0.48). Attitude with knowledge and age was 34.9% of variance for explaining puberty health behaviors in adolescents. Considering the power of predictors such as knowledge and attitude, it is possible to develop puberty health behaviors by increasing knowledge of students and providing correct and appropriate information to them and improving attitudes.

Land cover change detection of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province using landscape metrics (1994-2015)

Land cover change detection of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province using landscape metrics (1994-2015)

The disparity in geographical accessibility to healthcare resources in Iran: the comparison of two cross-section

Purpose – Accessing adequate healthcare to all people is one of the main goals of the health sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate healthcare services access development of the provinces in Iran during 2007 and 2013. Design/methodology/approach – This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population included all the provinces in Iran. The data for 13 variables, including physical and human health resources, was collected from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Statistics Center of Iran. Taxonomy technique was used to determine the degree of healthcare services access development in the provinces. Findings – The findings show that Semnan was the province with the most developed healthcare services access with development score of 0.342 while Sistan Balocehstan province was the least developed with development score of one in 2007. In the year 2013, Chahar-Mahal Bakhtiari and Sistan Baluchestan were the least and most developed provinces with scores of 0.551 and 0.989, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the development scores in access to healthcare services in 2007 and 2013 were 0.7463±0.1268 and 0.7766±0.1058, respectively. Originality/value – Most previous studies that examined disparities in access to healthcare resources in Iran only considered one resource. This study applied a taxonomy technique to investigate the disparity and changes in access using 13 main healthcare resources. This approach helped the authors to investigate whether the decisions of the policy makers were intended to eliminate the disparities.

Surveying the Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Staffs' Job Performance Case: Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari Province Gas Company

The aim of this paper is to urvey the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) and job performance (JP) of staffs working in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari Province Gas Company (CMBPGC). Study population consisted of 147 staff working in CMBPGC all of which 147 persons were selected as study sample. Data were obtained via two staffs' job performance (Paterson, 1990) and EI (Farnhaeim, 2002) questionnaires having 15 items, and 30 ones respectively based on Likert Scale from completely disagree to completely agree. Findings, based on Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, showed that there would be a significantly positive relationship between emotional intelligence and staffs' job performance. Also, there would be a significantly positive relationship between staffs' self-managerial; self-motivation, social awareness, and management of relations with job performance. Some suggestions were finally raised to make job performance improve through increasing in emotional intelligence to managers.

Production of Sophorolipid from an Identified Current Yeast, Lachancea thermotolerans BBMCZ7FA20, Isolated from Honey Bee.

Biosurfactants are a family of diverse amphipathic molecules that are produced by several microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts. These surface active agents have several applications in agriculture, oil processing, food, and pharmaceutical industries. In this research using YMG and YUG culture media, a native yeast strain, HG5, was isolated from honey bee. The oil spread test as a screening method was used to evaluate biosurfactant production by the yeast HG5 isolate. The 5.8s-rDNA analysis confirmed that the isolated yeast was related to Lachancea thermotolerans. We named this strain Lachancea thermotolerans strain BBMCZ7FA20 and its 5.8s-rDNA sequence was deposited in GenBank, NCBI under accession number of KM042082.1. The best precursor of biosurfactant production was canola oil and the sophorolipid amount was measured for 24.2g/l. The thin layer chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis showed that the extracted biosurfactant from Lachancea thermotolerans was sophorolipid. In conclusion, this is the first report of sophorolipid production by a native yeast Lachancea thermotolerans BBMCZ7FA20 we isolated from the honey bee gut collected from an apiary farm in Saman, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province, Iran. We suggested that some cost-effective supplements such as canola oil, sunflower oil, and corn oils could be applied for increasing the sophorolipid production by this native yeast strain. According to several applications of biosurfactants in today world, the production of sophorolipid by Lachancea thermotolerans could be considered as a potential in the current industrial microbiology and modern microbial biotechnology.

A Model for Explaining the Poverty in Rural Areas (Case Study: Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province)

A Model for Explaining the Poverty in Rural Areas (Case Study: Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province)

&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;Allium kuhrangense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt; (Amaryllidaceae) a new species of Allium sect. Acanthoprason from Iran&lt;/span&gt;

Allium kuhrangense, an endemic to Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province (Iran) is described here as a new species. This species grows on gravelly and rocky slopes of a mountainous region. It is morphologically most similar to A. austroiranicum and can be recognized as a member of the A. austroiranicum alliance. Allium kuhrangense is a diploid species with chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16. Diagnostic characters, description, taxonomic comments, photographs and a distribution map of the new species as well as an identification key for the related taxa are provided. According to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, A. kuhrangense is assessed here as a “Critically Endangered” species.

Naghan (Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari-High Zagros, Iran) Earthquake of 6 april 1977. A preliminary field report and a seismotectonic discussion

The Naghan earthquake of magnitude 6 (Ms) occurred on 6 April1977 in the mountanious area of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari in the HighZagros, south of Shahr-e-Kord. It killed 348 people, injured about 200,and caused destruction over an area of 150 Km2. The shock damagedbeyond repair 2,100 houses and killed 0.7°/o of livestock in the area;eight schools collapsed and 37 were damaged. The maximum intensityot' the main shock did not exceed VIII (MM).The earthquake was associated neither with any fresh surface faulting,nor with reactivation of the existing faults and salt domes atsurface. Heavy rain fell before and during the earthquake and thedestruction was more extensive where the saturated clay content of thealluvium was higher; it was also more extensive in water-logged areasor the areas with a shallower water table. Landslides occurred on steepslopes and destroyed or damaged some villages built on slopes. Severalaftershocks caused additional damage to the already destroyed ordamaged villages.The Naghan earthquake was another instance of the « subsedimentaryZagros-Type Earthquake » in the High Zagros part of the Zagros ActiveFolded Belt, indicating that the re-adjustment of the unexposed metamorphosedPrecambrian Basement at depth caused no tectonic deformation(surface faulting) at the top of the sedimentary cover. This wasdue to the presence of the Upper Precambrian Hormoz layers (Saltdeposits) acting as a slippage zone along the decollement surface of theZagros at depth.

Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Carbonates and Organic Carbon in Selected Soils from Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province, Iran

Stable isotope ratios of soil carbonates are useful indicators to establish ecological and environmental changes. The objective of this study was to provide information about the environmental conditions for the formation of calcic horizon in Shahrekord area, in the central west of Iran. The soil moisture and temperature regimes in the study area are xeric and mesic, respectively. The δ13C and δ18O values of pedogenic carbonates and bulk soils were measured in 17 calcic horizons of selected soils derived from calcareous alluvium. In addition, the δ13C and δ18O values of three parent rock samples and the δ13C value of soil organic matter in selected pedons and eight native plants in the region were determined. Results suggest that pedogenic carbonates range from 52 to 96% of total carbonates. Stable isotopic composition of carbonatic pendants shows that the older layers are more depleted in 13C in comparison with younger precipitates. This is likely due to the fact that the older parts precipitated under somewhat different ecological conditions than those of younger parts. Isotopic composition of organic carbon shows that current vegetation consists of C3 plants; whereas, the pedogenic carbonate in the soils was formed in conditions with a lower proportion of C3 plant species. This can be attributed to human induced land degradation and inappropriate land management in the area, which caused rapid changes in the community of plant species. The results show that the stable isotope composition of carbon can be a good indicator for assessing the degree of land degradation.