Central Economic Region Research Articles

The Role of High-Quality Human Resources in Dung Quat Economic Zone in the Development Process of The Vietnam’s Central Economic Region

A rapid and sustainable economic growth requires three basic factors: the adoption of new technologies, the development of modern infrastructure facilities, and the enhancement of human resources quality. The process of developing human resources involves transforming the quantity, quality, and structure of the workforce to better meet the demands of the economy. In the process of promoting industrialization and modernization, human resources play a decisive role, especially high-quality human resources. This is also an critical factor for the development of the productive force and economic growth rate of a country. Within the scope of this article, the author focuses on analyzing the role of high-quality human resources in the development of the Dung Quat Economic Zone (EZ) in the central economic region of Vietnam.

Inequalities in Resource Distribution and Healthcare Service Utilization of Long-Term Care in China.

Long-term care (LTC) services help the elderly maintain their functional ability and live with dignity. In China, the establishment of an equitable LTC system is a primary focus of the current public health reform. This paper assesses levels of equality in resources for and utilization of LTC services between urban and rural areas and economic regions in China. We use social services data from the China Civil Affairs Statistical Yearbooks. Gini coefficients against elderly population size are calculated for the number of institutions, beds, and workers, and the concentration index (CI) against per capita disposable income is calculated for the number of disabled residents per 1000 elderly people and the number of rehabilitation and nursing services per resident. The Gini coefficients against the elderly population in urban areas indicate relatively good equality. In rural areas, the Gini coefficients have increased rapidly from relatively low values since 2015. The CI values in both urban and rural areas are positive, indicating that utilization is concentrated in the richer population. In rural areas, the CI values for rehabilitation and nursing have remained above 0.50 for the last three years, implying high levels of income-related inequality. The negative CI values for rehabilitation and nursing services in urban areas in the Central economic region and rural areas in the Western region imply a concentration of resource utilization toward poorer groups. The Eastern region shows relatively high internal inequality. Inequalities exist between urban and rural areas in the utilization of LTC services, despite similar numbers of institution and bed resources. Resource distribution and healthcare service utilization are more equal in urban areas, creating a low level of equilibrium. This urban-rural split is a source of risk for both formal and informal LTC. The Eastern region has the largest number of resources, the highest level of utilization, and the greatest internal variation. In the future, the Chinese government should enhance support for the utilization of services for the elderly with LTC needs.

Методика исследования региональных систем городских поселений

The material is a research report prepared by the author in 1965 as part of an expedition to study urban settlements in the Central Economic Region. G.M. Lappo led a detachment to study small towns. The report was discovered in the spring of 2023 in the archives of the Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University.

Optimization of the Androgenesis Method in the In Vitro Culture of Anteneson the Basis ofT. AestivumHybrids

This study aimed to examine the regularities of the regenerationprocesses of haploid plants, the dependence of in vitro microspore morphogenesis in anther culture on optimization factors, and their efficiency in F1 hybrids of T. aestivumof different ecological and geographicorigin. It was found that heterosis contributed to an increased yield of haploid chlorophyll-bearing regenerants from hybrids obtained from the crossing of parental forms with different responsiveness to androclinia. Results were obtained for the complex optimization of the androgenesis method for the in vitro anther culture of T. aestivum, in order to create diploidized haploid lines (DHL) regardless of the influence of the genotype. The agroecological properties for a complex of economically useful traits were also assessed. DHLs were created that combined high yield (5.1-6.8 t / ha) with lodging resistance (straw height – 60-80 cm) and consistently high grain quality; these were characterized by increased resistance to major leaf diseases in comparison with the standard variety in the conditions of the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation.
 Keywords: spring soft wheat, androgenesis, embyroidogenesis, callusogenesis, diploidized haploids, in vitro, yield and quality

Productivity and development of secondary phytocenoses for hay fields of the central economic region in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

At the moment, the development of fallow lands for the possible production of highly productive hayfields by assessing the production potential of cenoflora is an urgent scientific and industrial problem. The relationships between the productivity and the quality of the cut weight on the species composition, the degree of synanthropization of communities and the dissemination of groups of valuable native and invasive species here were analyzed. The research was carried out on abanded lands of the Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture in 2006 to 2020 at the address: Russian Federation, Kaluga region, Peremyshlskiy district, the village of experimental station. It was found that adventive communities are more diverse in terms of productivity and quality of green mass, their productivity was on average 1.2–1.7 times higher than trivial ones. The transformation of aboriginal communities during the immigration of adventive species, which have an adaptive potential to the ecological and soil conditions of the plakors of the Meshchovsky opolye of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation is shown. It has been established that without a complex of agrotechnological methods to improve the floristic composition and increase the productivity of secondary phytocenoses, their phytomass cannot be significant in the production of voluminous forages. Mineral fertilizers (P40K60) contributed to an increase in productivity by 21–44% and the share of sown grasses from 84 to 94% in the crop structure, as well as a decrease in the degree of its variability by 1.3 times. According to the research results, a new approach to assessing the production potential of vegetation and optimizing the elements of resource-saving technology for accelerated field development with the prospect of obtaining highly productive multicomponent mown grass stands based on a new variety of Festulolium Kafes and the principles of phytocenotic design has been highlighted. The possibility of joint application of unmanned aerial vehicles and ecological and floral classification for routine analysis of phytocenoses of various genesis is shown.

АГРОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РЕГИОНОВ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ОЦЕНКА ПРИГОДНОСТИ ДЛЯ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РАННЕСПЕЛЫХ СОРТОВ СОИ

An increase of warm period durati on has been recorded in the Central Non- Black Soil region in recent years, which occurs due to a rise of the number of days with positi ve temperatures: the transiti on through 0 ° C towards an increase in temperatures occurs earlier, and towards a decrease - later than the accepted average long-term values. The aim of the research was to analyze the parameters of climate change in the Central Non-Black Soil Region and to indicate the displacement of the northern border of the acceptable distributi on of soybean crops in the region. As a result of studying of agrometeorological database for a 40-year period from 1981 to 2020, the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on was noti onally divided into 3 agroecological regions: northern, central and southern. The division was based on climati c temperature factors - the average temperature during the vegetati on season and the sum of acti ve temperatures during the growing season. Along with temperatures, the amount of precipitati on and the value of HTC for the vegetati on season were analyzed. Changes of agroclimati c conditi ons in the agroecological regions of the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on are currently signifi cantly diff erent: as for the northern agroecological region (Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma regions), the sum of temperatures is 2000–2200 ° С, the HTC is 1.4–1.7, the amount of precipitati on is 285– 295. The sum of temperatures in the central agroecological region (Smolensk, Moscow, Kaluga, Vladimir, Ivanovo regions) is 2200–2400 ° C, the HTC is 1.1–1.4, the amount of precipitati on is 265–285. And the sum of temperatures in the southern agroecological region (Bryansk, Oryol, Ryazan, Tula regions) is 2400–2600 ° С, the HTC is 0.7–1.1, the amount of precipitati on is 255–265. In general, the local climate change in the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on led to a shift of the sum isotherm of acti ve temperatures by 150–200 km towards high lati tudes. Early varieti es of soybeans are able to form a stable yield in the changed weather conditi ons of the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on. Biological temperature minima are maintained at all stages of growth and development, maturati on occurs in August - early September.

Mental health status among Chinese healthcare-associated infection control professionals during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019: A national cross-sectional survey.

Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has greatly threatened global public health. The responsibility of healthcare-associated infection control professionals (ICPs) is to prevent and control the nosocomial infections. The mental health status of ICPs deserves more attention, however, the correlational research is still lacking. This study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors of mental health status among ICPs in China during the outbreak of COVID-19.A national cross-sectional survey was performed. The online questionnaire was completed by 9228 ICPs from 3776 hospitals throughout China. Data collection tools were used, including demographics data questionnaire, the Chinese version of the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Chinese version of the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ) for medical staff. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted.The total score of mental health of Chinese ICPs was 3.45 ± 2.57. 5608 (60.77%) ICPs might have mental health problems. The psychological capital was in the upper-middle level with an average score of 3.72 ± 0.38. An increased mental health problem risk was associated with the greater self-efficacy and working in the public hospital; a significantly lower risk was obtained by working in the second-class hospital rather than in the third-class hospitals. Besides, mental health problem risk of ICPs working in hospitals of the western economic region or northeast economic region was more significant than that in hospitals of the central economic region. However, a lower risk was caused by the unmarried than married, and working years in department ≤1 year contributed to the lower risk than that >20 years. Moreover, fewer working hours per week, higher values of hope, and optimism each were contributed to a lower risk.Chinese healthcare-associated ICPs were under different levels of mental health problems in fighting against COVID-19. More importantly, we should actively deal with the mental health problem of ICPs and help them get rid of psychological disorders.

Mitigating carbon dioxide emission from mobility based on the bottom-up approach in the central business district of Surakarta City

The development of Surakarta as the center of economy and service in the hinterland regions adds transportation to the list of sectors generating emission and, therefore, the pressure on the environment. Such pressure comes from public preferences of private vehicles as the primary mode of transportation. This study sought to calculate the transportation emission load (carbon dioxide/CO2 parameter) in the Central Business District (CBD) in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A bottom-up data was computed in Mobilev 3.0 software, which is based on the Tier III Corinair approach. Through a primary survey, this study observed 22 roads in the central economic region of Surakarta in 2014, which were equivalent to 9.38% of the total length of the road. The results showed that the emission load generated in the CBD reached 46, 216.24 tons CO2/year. Moreover, mobility consumed up to 15, 848.82 tons of liquid fuels per year, with the largest proportion (74%) being gasoline, which is mainly used in motorcycles and private cars. In the transportation sector, the highest contributor to emission in the CBD is the use of private vehicles.

Segetal complex – pioneer stages of syntrophic communities in the Meshchovskiy Opole of the non-Chernozem Zone of Russia

In the conditions placor soil Meshchovskiy Opole the Central economic region of the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation on agro-gray forest middle loamy soils defined by the main species composition of segetal complex field agrophytocenoses in the structure of five fields grain and grain-grass crop rotation in the limit of syntaxon Stellarietea mediae R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951. The combinations of weed and field species specific to field crops are established and the influence of minimization of basic tillage is shown, including No-till, and applying calculated norms of mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the dynamics of the species composition and number of the main components of the segetal complex is shown. The original synanthropic plant communities on the fallow lands of Meshchovsky Opole develop from the segetal complex of previous agrophytocenoses. The core of the cenoflora is represented by 104 species of higher herbage plants from 29 families. Synanthropic communities have a low species saturation – 8 species per 100 m2 and a projection coverage of 57.6%. In acesite territories the advantage is given to the types of anemochory edificatory. Phytomass of secondary phytocenoses without comprehensive measures to improve their floristic composition cannot be used for bulk feed production

ПРОБЛЕМА ПЕРИФЕРІЙНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЇЇ РЕГІОНАХ: СУСПІЛЬНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

In modern Ukraine, there are clearly marked territorial disparities in the structure of the national economy, due both to natural conditions and the availability of natural resources, and a historical factor, namely, a long sojourning of Ukrainian lands within different empires. This is especially true of much of the present state territory, which until 1939 was permanently belonged to the Russian empire and the USSR. With the exception of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, and several other cities where enterprises of national importance were located. The rest of the territory of Ukraine within the USSR was clearly assigned a peripheral role. The characteristic feature of the present state territory of Ukraine is a distinctly expressed mismatch of the functional center of the state to its geographical center. One of the paradoxes of today is that the central economic district in the Kirovohrad and Cherkasy regions is characterized by a rather archaic structure of an economic complex with a distinct agricultural specialization at a relatively low level of development of services and commute. During the Soviet era, heavy industries were not developed in Ukraine’s Center to stimulate infrastructure development. Overcoming disparities in the spatial development of Ukraine and, including, elimination from the periphery of the central economic region is possible through innovative development of the service sector, which is a leading economy’s sector in post-industrial society in terms of income and share of the economically active population, as well as introduction of new technologies in agrarian sector. The result of such a land management should be the implementation of a sustainable development strategy in the agrarian area of the discussed region and across Ukraine. There are reasons to state the “inner isolation” of the central region of Ukraine in the national dimension, which is a manifestation of social geographical and geosophical aberration associated with the displacement of structural elements in the spatial system “center – periphery”. The territory of Ukraine is characterized by a functional center, spatially close to the border, while the middle territories possess the features of an “inner periphery”.

Obstacles to Employability Skills Training Programs in Malaysia from the Perspectives of Employers’, Educators’ and Graduates’ Perspective

Over the last two decades, employability skills training programs initiated by the Malaysian government and agencies are an essential strategy to improve the skills of the workforce and minimize unemployment. However, stakeholders seem perplexed about the direction and attainment of the training programs. There are raising concerns whether employability skills training programs are designed and offered properly in improving workers’ skills and securing unemployed workers’ employment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of educators, employers, and recent graduates regarding the contributing factors that impede the progress of employability skills training programs. The theoretical framework for this quantitative study was based on Human Capital Theory. A survey questionnaire contains qualitative component questions was developed to gather feedback from employers, educators, and graduates from the central economic region of the west coast of peninsular Malaysia. The findings of this study revealed the major obstacles to effective employability skills training programs in the workforce of Malaysia, such as unclear objectives and direction of training programs, negative attitudes of recent graduates, and inactive involvement of employers in local workforce education and training. These obstacles will be a key area to be assessed and improved in program evaluation.

БАГАНУУРЫН ОРДЫН НҮҮРСНИЙ ШИНГЭРҮҮЛЭЛТИЙН БОЛОН ШИНЖ ЧАНАРЫН СУДАЛГАА

The chemical characteristics, pyrolysis and thermal dissolution of Bagnuur lignite coal, which is located in the Central economic region of Mongolia were studied. The proximate, ultimate, petrographic and IR analysis results have been confirmed that the Baganuur coal is a low-rank B2 mark lignite coal. Analysis of ash composition of the sample shows Baganuur sample has lower contents of silicium, calcium, aluminum, ferric and zincium oxides. The results of pyrolysis of Baganuur coal at different heating temperatures show that a maximum yield 7.0% of liquid product can be obtained at 600°C. The results of thermal dissolution of Baganuur coal in tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:8) at 450°C show that 40% of liquid product can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass.

Graduate Migration and Regional Familiarity

AbstractThis paper provides insights into the spatial mobility patterns of young graduates in the Netherlands. Both home‐to‐HEI (higher education institution) as well as HEI‐to‐work mobility results in net flows towards the central economic region of the Netherlands. However, many graduates move within the larger central and peripheral regions and these flows are focused on cities. There is a strong regional component to graduate mobility as origins and destinations tend to be relatively close to the chosen HEI. Flows seem to be influenced by regional familiarity, with relatively many graduates moving back to familiar home regions. Often, a city's young graduate labour force and graduate residents have studied at a local HEI. Cities close to the economic core areas benefit from outflows of graduates from the largest employment centres.

Gospodarczo-finansowe aspekty działalności samorządu terytorialnego w ramach inwestycji Centralnego Okręgu Przemysłowego (1936–1939)

Economic-financial Aspects of the Functioning of the Territorial Self-government with the Central Industrial Region Investments (1936–1939) (Summary) The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the impact exerted by the investments of the Central Industrial Region upon the local administration. The source survey conducted by the author proves that the creation of a new industrial region was connected with an extremely wide gamut of problems relating to local socio-economic life. The key issue was to adapt the economic structure to the developing industry. Exceptional responsibility for this task was entrusted to particular rungs of territorial self-government. An intensification of the activity pursued by state investments forced self-government unions to increase liability for all socio-economic issues in the region and hence to enlarge the expenses borne by local budgets. The presented reflections show upon the example of selected domains of the local economy the degree to which the activity of self-government unions grew in the Central Economic Region. Next, the author went on to analyse the functioning of self-government finances using the example of the budgets of particular county communal unions in order to illustrate the actual efforts made by the self-government administration as part of support for the socio-economic modernisation of the central and southern territories of the Second Republic of Poland.

VARIABILITY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE OF THE CENTRAL ECONOMIC REGION

Basic climatic elements and factors of climate formation in the Central Economic Region are assessed with a view toward improving methods of short-term forecasting. More specifically, analysis of the spatial variation of radiation, evaporation, and turbulent heat transfer, patterns of the most economically significant climatic elements; and trends in temperature and precipitation relative to long-term means sets the stage for a discussion of problems in forecasting the length of the heating season and in predicting precipitation anomalies one year into the future (translated by Andrew R. Bond).

PREDICTING THE EVOLUTION OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF SETTLEMENT

A forecast of the future spatial structure of settlement in the Central Economic Region around Moscow is offered on the basis of future urban population distribution. It is assumed that urban population will increase from 20 million in 1970 to 28 million over the next 15 to 25 years, with the share of the Moscow subregion declining from 56 percent to 50 percent. The inner core of the Moscow subregion is to be transformed from an industrial system to an increasingly R&D-oriented system taking advantage of the unusual concentration of skilled manpower in the Soviet capital. Industry is to be moved gradually from the central core of the Moscow subregion to the periphery or beyond. Future Moscow population growth is thus expected to be kept within a limit of 8.5 million in the city proper, and 15 million in its zone of influence. Industrial diversification and expansion is envisaged for the Northeast subregion, particularly Yaroslavl', and the Western subregion, particularly Bryansk. Industrial growth is to b...

Electric Power in the Southern Part of the Central Economic Region

AbstractThe five oblasts (Tula, Kaluga, Orel, Bryansk and Ryazan') in the study area are served by a large electric power industry based on the use of local Moscow Basin brown coal and, to some extent, natural gas tapped from the transmission main line from the Northern Caucasus to Moscow. The core of the power system is made up of the Cherepet' (1.5 million kilowatts), Shchekino (1.07 million kilowatts) and Novomoskovsk central stations in the Tula power system, which serves in effect the entire study region. Capacity is being expanded by the construction of the Ryazan' central station, with an ultimate designed capacity of 3.6 million kilowatts. These stations will continue to use Moscow Basin brown coal over the long term, with increasing portions of the coal to be enriched at minehead washing plants.

Prospects of Economic and Territorial Growth of small and Medium Cities of the Central Economic Region

AbstractPlans for the industrialization of small and medium-size cities must take account not only of purely economic considerations [availability of manpower, raw materials, water supply, transport, and construction facilities], but also of urban-planning aspects, such as the availability of unused land for new industrial and housing construction. The author uses the “threshold” theory to analyze limiting factors of future industrial growth, and devises a classification of cities according to growth prospects based on urban-planning criteria.