АГРОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РЕГИОНОВ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ОЦЕНКА ПРИГОДНОСТИ ДЛЯ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РАННЕСПЕЛЫХ СОРТОВ СОИ

Abstract

An increase of warm period durati on has been recorded in the Central Non- Black Soil region in recent years, which occurs due to a rise of the number of days with positi ve temperatures: the transiti on through 0 ° C towards an increase in temperatures occurs earlier, and towards a decrease - later than the accepted average long-term values. The aim of the research was to analyze the parameters of climate change in the Central Non-Black Soil Region and to indicate the displacement of the northern border of the acceptable distributi on of soybean crops in the region. As a result of studying of agrometeorological database for a 40-year period from 1981 to 2020, the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on was noti onally divided into 3 agroecological regions: northern, central and southern. The division was based on climati c temperature factors - the average temperature during the vegetati on season and the sum of acti ve temperatures during the growing season. Along with temperatures, the amount of precipitati on and the value of HTC for the vegetati on season were analyzed. Changes of agroclimati c conditi ons in the agroecological regions of the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on are currently signifi cantly diff erent: as for the northern agroecological region (Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma regions), the sum of temperatures is 2000–2200 ° С, the HTC is 1.4–1.7, the amount of precipitati on is 285– 295. The sum of temperatures in the central agroecological region (Smolensk, Moscow, Kaluga, Vladimir, Ivanovo regions) is 2200–2400 ° C, the HTC is 1.1–1.4, the amount of precipitati on is 265–285. And the sum of temperatures in the southern agroecological region (Bryansk, Oryol, Ryazan, Tula regions) is 2400–2600 ° С, the HTC is 0.7–1.1, the amount of precipitati on is 255–265. In general, the local climate change in the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on led to a shift of the sum isotherm of acti ve temperatures by 150–200 km towards high lati tudes. Early varieti es of soybeans are able to form a stable yield in the changed weather conditi ons of the Central Economic Region of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federati on. Biological temperature minima are maintained at all stages of growth and development, maturati on occurs in August - early September.