Cause Of Peptic Ulcer Research Articles

INVESTIGATION ON CLINICAL, SUBCLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND RESULTS OF PEPTIC ULCER TREATMENT IN CHILDREN 

Background: Helicobacter pylori is considered the main cause of peptic ulcer in children. Studies show that the current treatment regimens for stomach ulcers caused by HP face many difficulties: partly due to poor adherence to treatment in children and partly due to increasing antibiotic resistance of HP bacteria today. 50% of children and young adults with peptic ulcer disease have multiple recurrences per year and 70% relapse the following year. Understanding the clinical and subclinical characteristics as well as the treatment results for children with peptic ulcer disease caused by HP based on the current treatment regimen will provide doctors with a basis to propose more effective treatment measures for patients. Objectives: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics and to investigate factors related to the treatment outcome of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori in children. Subjects and methods: The study subjects included 61 patients with peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori. Longitudinal follow-up descriptive research method was used. Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter was performed via gastroduodenal endoscopy and Clotest (+). The patients were treated according to the protocol of the Ministry of Health and were evaluated for improvement in clinical symptoms after 4 weeksBackground: Helicobacter pylori is considered the main cause of peptic ulcer in children. Studies show that the current treatment regimens for stomach ulcers caused by HP face many difficulties: partly due to poor adherence to treatment in children and partly due to increasing antibiotic resistance of HP bacteria today. 50% of children and young adults with peptic ulcer disease have multiple recurrences per year and 70% relapse the following year. Understanding the clinical and subclinical characteristics as well as the treatment results for children with peptic ulcer disease caused by HP based on the current treatment regimen will provide doctors with a basis to propose more effective treatment measures for patients. Objectives: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics and to investigate factors related to the treatment outcome of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori in children. Subjects and methods: The study subjects included 61 patients with peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori. Longitudinal follow-up descriptive research method was used. Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter was performed via gastroduodenal endoscopy and Clotest (+). The patients were treated according to the protocol of the Ministry of Health and were evaluated for improvement in clinical symptoms after 4 weeks Key words: Peptic ulcer, children, Helicobacter pylori.

S464 Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk of Esophageal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is the most common cause of peptic ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and has been linked to various GIT malignancies, especially gastric cancer. There is little data on the association between HP infection and esophageal cancer incidence (EC). Therefore, we aimed to conduct this meta-analysis to investigate the effect of HP infection on the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Methods: We searched PubMed and the CINHAL databases for studies reporting the association between H. pylori infection and esophageal cancer from inception to September 2020. We assessed the relationship between H. Pylori infection and the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using odds ratio (OR) and relative 95% confidence intervals (CI). Two investigators extracted the data independently, and discrepancies were resolved by discussion with a third investigator. We used RevMan Software to perform the analysis and assessed the heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. Results: This meta-analysis included 45 studies. Total HP positive cases were 311,974 and 38,188 in the ESCC and EAC group, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between HP and ESCC (OR = 1.10, 95% CI [0.80-1.52], P = 0.55). However, according to region, the subgroup analysis revealed a significantly higher incidence of ESCC with HP (OR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.17-2.87]) for North America. There was a statistically significant reduction in EAC with HP in the overall study population (OR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.34-0.87], P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that western countries were associated with statistically reduced EAC incidence (OR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.32-0.83]). On the other hand, subgroup analysis of eastern countries reported non-significant results (OR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.15-4.30]). Conclusion: Overall, no significant association was found between H. pylori infection and the risk of ESCC. There was a statistically significant reduction in EAC with HP in the overall study population. In subgroup analysis a significantly increased incidence of ESCC is seen in North America and a significantly reduced risk of EAC in western countries. Further randomized controlled trials are need to investigate the protective effect of helicobacter pylori infection for risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Gastric ulcer: etiological and pathogenetic causes

The causes of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum so far not definitively established. The article analyzes two scientific theories of the origin of this disease, which in the process of practical research will be able to improve the treatment of patients with this fairly common pathology

Idiopathic Peptic Ulcer: a Separate Entity or Diagnostic Uncertainty?

Idiopathic peptic ulcer disease (IPUD) is an ulcer with no identifiable etiology. The major causes of peptic ulceration are Helicobacter pylori infection and ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Is this a truly idiopathic disease or simply a misdiagnosis? The diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be missed if patients are taking antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors or when gastrointestinal bleeding occurs. A history of NSAID ingestion is often also overlooked. The proportion of IPUDs has increased over time. IPUDs occur more commonly in older patients and those with comorbidities. They run a more aggressive course, often presenting with bleeding and other ulcer complications and are more difficult to manage. IPUD is a distinct albeit a small group of ulcers. The diagnosis is made after careful exclusion of H. pylori infection, NSAID ingestion, and other obscure causes of peptic ulcers.

Synergistic effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) decoction alongside with three-drug and four-drug treatment protocols on Helicobacter pylori eradication

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of peptic ulcer. On the other hand, cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an effective medicinal plant for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease in traditional Persian medicine. This study aimed at investigating the synergistic effect of the decoction of cumin with the three- and four-drug protocols against H. pylori in patients with peptic ulcer. Patients with peptic ulcer infected with H. pylori were treated with cumin decoction, three- and four-drug protocols, and their co-administration to eradicate H. pylori. Materials and Methods: Patients were randomly divided into five groups, including group (1) omeprazole with cumin decoction, (2) cumin decoction with the three-protocol treatment, (3) cumin decoction with the four-drug protocol treatment, and (4 and 5) three- and four-drug protocols alone. The cumin fruit powder was given to patients in 3-g packages and decoction was prepared according to the traditional Iranian medicine guidelines. H. pylori eradication was measured by the 14C–urea breath test (14C-UBT) after 4 weeks of intervention. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, χ2 test, logistic regression, and ANOVA (SPSS, 11.5) were used for data analyses. Results: In total, 75 patients (48 male and 27 female patients) participated in this study. The results showed that eradication of H. pylori was observed in all five study groups. Eradication of H. pylori in cumin decoction with the three-drug protocol group was more than the other groups (85.72%), although this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, this eradication was 61.5% in the cumin + omeprazole group, while the H. pylori eradication rates for the three-drug and four-drug protocols were 77.8% and 58.33%, respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that decoction of cumin could be used as a complementary treatment alongside conventional medicine therapy to increase the H. pylori eradication.

A novel fuzzy expert system design to assist with peptic ulcer disease diagnosis

Peptic ulcer disease causes abdominal discomfort and pain. Helicobacter pylori bacteria, infection and long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs are the most common causes of peptic ulcers. Untreate...

Prevention of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-induced Peptic Ulcers.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are some of the most commonly prescribed medications in clinical practice. The long-term use of NSAIDs is one of the main causes of peptic ulcers and the increased risk of upper gastrointestinal tract complications, such as perforation and bleeding. Thus, the prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers is an important clinical issue. Previous studies have evaluated various strategies for preventing ulcers in patients requiring prolonged NSAID use. The Korean clinical practice guidelines have been published recently based on the evidence of the currently available data. This review describes the strategies for the prevention of peptic ulcers due to NSAID. An assessment of the risk factors for peptic ulcers from NSAID is recommended to identify patients who should be considered for primary prophylaxis. The risk of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers can be reduced by the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), misoprostol, and histamine-2 receptor antagonists. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors can be used with caution due to concerns regarding cardiovascular toxicity. Attempts should be made to use the lowest dose and shortest duration of the NSAID.

Exploring antibacterial & antiulcer activity of aegle marmelos linn. : A review

Antimicrobial drugs are those drugs which are used to treat diseases caused by microorganisms. To treat the diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic medicines are used. These microbes produces diseases in humans, animals and plants. According to World Health Organization (WHO). The cases of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing day by day and it threatens the effective treatment and prevention of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. AMR occurs when these microbes gets resistance against the effects of medications, which makes common infections difficult to treat and hence increases the risk of severe illness, disease spread and death. As a result, the medicines becomes ineffective, infections remains in the body and increases the probability of spread to others. WHO recommends that decreased use of synthetic antibiotics and increased use of herbal antimicrobial drugs are the only ways by which the AMR can be controlled or eliminated. Herbal drugs are considered to be effective and free from side effects. In the present article we discussed about Aegle Marmelos Linn. (Bael) which is useful in treating many health ailments. It possess many pharmacological activities like anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antihistaminic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, analgesic, immune modulatory, cardio protective and antithyroid activity. Due to its antibacterial activity it is used to treat many infections caused by bacteria and also have antiulcer activity due to which it is used to treat ulcer patients. The bacteria, Helicobacter pylori is one of the cause of peptic ulcer. This review article discusses about the effect of Aegle Marmelos on this bacteria. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antiulcer, Aegle marmelos, Helicobacter pylori, Peptic ulcer, Antimicrobial, Bael.

Helicobacter pylori cagE, cagG, and cagM can be a prognostic marker for intestinal and diffuse gastric cancer

It is known that Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. However, there is a lack of information on whether H. pylori strains may differ in gastric cancer histological subtypes. This study aimed to investigate different H. pylori strains considering six cag Pathogenicity Island - cagPAI genes (cagA, cagE, cagG, cagM, cagT, and virb11), and vacuolating cytotoxin - vacA alleles, and their relation to gastric cancer histologic subtypes. For this purpose, tumor samples from 285 patients with gastric carcinoma were used. H. pylori infection and genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). H. pylori was detected in 93.9% of gastric tumors. For comparative analyzes between histopathological subtypes considering H. pylori cagPAI genes the strains were grouped according to the vacA s1/s2 alleles. In the vacAs1 group, the strains cagA(−)cagE(+), cagA(+)cagE(+)cagG(+), cagA(+)cagM(+), or only cagE(+) strains were more frequent in the intestinal subtype (P = .009; P = .024; P = .046, respectively). In contrast, cagM(+)cagG(+)cagA(−) and cagE(−) were associated with diffuse tumors (P = .036), highlighting the presence of cagE in the development of intestinal tumors, and the presence of cagG and absence of cagE in diffuse tumors. Furthermore, WEKA software and Decision Tree (CART) analyses confirmed these findings, in which cagE presence was associated with intestinal tumors, and cagE absence and cagG(+) with diffuse tumors. In conclusion our results showed that vacAs1 (cagG + cagM) strains, mainly cagG positive with cagE absence, were relevant in the studied population for the diffuse outcome, while the presence of cagE was relevant for the intestinal outcome. These findings suggest the relevance of these H. pylori genes as potential markers for gastric cancer histological outcomes.

Propolis of Trigona spp. Protects Mucosa from Aspirin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats

Background : Helicobacter pylori and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are the major causes of peptic ulcer in the world. Indonesian native stingless bee species, Trigona spp. , produces propolis that might be effective to protect mucosal damage. The aim of the study was to determine the protective effect of Trigona spp. propolis on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Methods : This experimental study was conducted from September–November 2013 at Animal Laboratory of Department of Pharmacology and Therapy Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Healthy male Wistar rats (n=24) aged 2–3 months old and weighed 200–250 grams were randomly divided into three groups. The first group was control negative, the second group was given 100 mg/kg body weight of aspirin, and the third group was given 200 mg/kg body weight of Trigona spp . propolis, one hour before administration of 100 mg/kg body weight of aspirin. After two weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed by laparotomy to obtain gastric tissues, followed by processing for the paraffin section for histopathological analysis. The grade of gastric mucosal damage was determined under a light microscope. Data were then compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Results : Oral administration of aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage ranging from grade 0 to grade IV; whereas administration of propolis showed a reduction of gastric mucosal damage’s grade when compared to the aspirin group (p<0.05). Conclusions : Trigona spp. propolis has a protective effect on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage. Further study is encouraged to study an optimal dose of aspirin after propolis administration.

Clearance of Helicobacter pylori with formulation rCagA and LPS in a mouse model

Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Considering the importance of Helicobacter pylori in human diseases, develop a vaccine against it is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clearance of H. pylori with Formulation rCagA and LPS in a mouse model.The formulations; rCagA, LPS, rCagA/LPS were evaluated against clearance of H. pylori. All of Mice groups were immunized three times orally then two times intramuscularly (IM). Mice were challenged with H. pylori strain SS1, Fourteen days after the last immunization. Spleens and gastric tissues were collected from mice. Antigen-specific interleukine responses were surveyed in the spleen of mice that immunized before and post-challenge by ELISA technique. The clearance of H. pylori was measured in spleen and gastric tissues. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test. Differences between CFU in experimental groups were evaluated by Student's t-test. The cellular and humoral responses were compared by the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test.Immunization of mice with formulationrCagA-LPS induced a strong Th1 immune response (P < .05). The rCagA - LPS - CpG group induced a more increase IL-4 than IFN-γ (P < .05). Splenocytes produced high levels of IL-10 after challenge with rCagA-LPS. Mice that immunized with rCagA-LPS-CpG and LPS-CpG secreted significantly more IFNγ titer than others (P < .05).The clearance test showed the reduction of 6 logs of H. pylori. Immunization with current combinations was safe in animal models and was able not only trigger appropriate responses but decrease H. pylori ss1 colonization, too.

Phytotherapeutic modalities for the management ofHelicobacter pyloriassociated peptic ulcer

Due to an imbalance between aggressive factors known as hydrochloric acid (HCl), pepsin, leukotrienes, refluxed bile, defensive factors and reactive oxygen species, the peptic ulcer is formed in the stomach and duodenum which mostly include the function of prostaglandins, mucus bicarbonate barrier, enzymatic antioxidants, and some growth factors. H. pylori infection remained one of the considerable causes of peptic ulcer as it caused hypochlorhydria and struck off the defense mechanism of the stomach. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and stress are the most prevailing causes of peptic ulcer disease. Lack of physical exercise, little rest and due to poor leisure cause the peptic ulcer disease. Candies, chocolate, coffee, cigarettes, stress, and alcohol are the cause of peptic ulceration and suppression of acid in the stomach due to the utilization of antacid medication. Most of the ancient medical practices in the traditional alternative medicinal system include Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Chinese customary medicine, African conventional medicine, and Native American medicine. Without a hostile effect, the rate of curing the disease is the significance of natural products research. Peptic ulcer disease is the widespread nature of peptic ulcer in all class of population, which mostly may be due to rapidly changing the food habits and stress, causing the imbalance between gastric offensive and defensive factors. Curcuma longa is the most effective plant for the cure of peptic ulcer. Curcuma longa has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Curcuma longa remarkably reduces the level of inflammatory mediator (IL1) and (TNF) which was increased during the formation of an ulcer. In the rhizome of Curcuma longa, yellow pigment is present and widely used for the treatment of ulcer and decrease the inflammatory response. Symptoms include abdominal pain after taking a meal, nausea, vomiting, Anorexia and lose weight.

The frequency of circulating integrin α4β7+ cells correlates with protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in immunized mice.

BackgroundChronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the cause of peptic ulcers in a subpopulation of individuals and a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. A vaccine against H pylori infection can prevent the acquisition of the infection and protect against reinfections. Clinical trials to date evaluating the efficacy of H pylori vaccines in human challenge models have shown moderate to poor protection with difficulties in predicting efficacy. Thus, while further studies are needed to design an effective vaccine, we also need to find relevant correlates for vaccine efficacy.ObjectiveTo find immune correlates to vaccine efficacy, the frequencies of neutrophils, eosinophils and inflammatory monocytes and CD4+ T‐cell memory and mucosa homing integrin α4β7+ cells were assessed by flow cytometry in the blood of mice after vaccination.Materials and Methods H pylori antigens and cholera toxin or the multiple mutant CT (mmCT) were administered via the sublingual (SL) and intragastric route (IG). The vaccinated mice were infected with H pylori strain SS1 bacteria, and colonization in the stomach and immune responses were evaluated.ResultsThe H pylori vaccine was effective in reducing bacterial load in the stomach of mice and enhancing immune responses compared to unvaccinated infection controls. In the blood of mice after SL or IG route of vaccination, we observed changes in frequencies of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets compared to infection controls. Remarkably, the frequency of circulating mucosal homing α4β7+CD4+ T cells after vaccination correlated with low bacterial load in the stomach of individual mice irrespective of the immunization route.ConclusionsOur study shows that the innate and adaptive immune cell subsets can be measured in the blood after vaccination and that increased frequency of α4β7+CD4+ in the blood after immunization could be used as a predictive marker for the efficacy of vaccine against H pylori infection.

Validated HPLC Determination of the Potential Anti-Helicobacter pylori, Lepidine, in Lepidium sativum Seeds Assessed by Molecular Docking Study

Background: Nearly 50 % of the world residents are known to be infected with Helicobacter pylori which is the main cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Since resistance to the currently used treatments, other alternative approaches such as combination with natural products should be tried. Objectives: In this work, validated HPLC-UV method was developed for quantification of lepidine content in various extracts and crude oil of Lepidium sativum seeds. Furthermore, antibacterial activity of lepidine against H. pylori was compared with standard antibiotics supported by molecular docking study. Methods: Different solvents were used to extract lepidine as well as the contents were determined using HPLC-UV method. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was examined using agar diffusion and dilution methods. Molecular docking study was done on H. pylori phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme. Results: The highest content of lepidine (316.91 µg mL-1) was found in n-hexane extract. Lepidine exhibit antibacterialeffect (MIC = 6.25 µg mL-1) against H. pylori clinical isolates. The ability of lepidine to interact with amino acids in the phosphoribosyl transferase binding site might rationalize its observed activity. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate for the first time the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of lepidine, which could therefore be developed as viable nutraceutical agent. Further investigations are required to formulate suitable pharmaceuticals to combat with the H. pylori infections on clinical grounds.

Design, Synthesis, and Efficacy Testing of Nitroethylene- and 7-Nitrobenzoxadiazol-Based Flavodoxin Inhibitors against Helicobacter pylori Drug-Resistant Clinical Strains and in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Mice.

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the main cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Hp eradication rates have fallen due to increasing bacterial resistance to currently used broad-spectrum antimicrobials. We have designed, synthesized, and tested redox variants of nitroethylene- and 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole-based inhibitors of the essential Hp protein flavodoxin. Derivatives of the 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole lead, carrying reduced forms of the nitro group and/or oxidized forms of a sulfur atom, display high therapeutic indexes against several reference Hp strains. These inhibitors are effective against metronidazole-, clarithromycin-, and rifampicin-resistant Hp clinical isolates. Their toxicity for mice after oral administration is low, and, when administered individually at single daily doses for 8 days in a mice model of Hp infection, they decrease significantly Hp gastric colonization rates and are able to eradicate the infection in up to 60% of the mice. These flavodoxin inhibitors constitute a novel family of Hp-specific antimicrobials that may help fight the constant increase of Hp antimicrobial-resistant strains.

Synthesis and In Vitro Enzymatic Studies of New 3-Aryldiazenyl Indoles as Promising Helicobacter pylori IMPDH Inhibitors.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the primary causes of peptic ulcer followed by gastric cancer in the world population. Due to increased occurrences of multi-drug resistance to the currently available antibiotics, there is an urgent need for a new class of drugs against H. pylori. Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a metabolic enzyme plays a significant role in cell proliferation and cell growth. It catalyses guanine nucleotide synthesis. IMPDH enzyme has been exploited as a target for antiviral, anticancer and immunosuppressive drugs. Recently, bacterial IMPDH has been studied as a potential target for treating bacterial infections. Differences in the structural and kinetic parameters of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic IMPDH make it possible to target bacterial enzyme selectively. In the current work, we have synthesised and studied the effect of substituted 3-aryldiazenyl indoles on Helicobacter pylori IMPDH (HpIMPDH) activity. The synthesised molecules were examined for their inhibitory potential against recombinant HpIMPDH. In this study, compounds 1 and 2 were found to be the most potent inhibitors amongst the database with IC50 of 0.8 ± 0.02µM and 1 ± 0.03 µM, respectively. When compared to the most potent known HpIMPDH inhibitor molecule C91, 1 was only four-fold less potent and can be a good lead for further development of selective and potent inhibitors of HpIMPDH.

A liposomal drug delivery system for improved eradication of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Eradicating H. pylori infections is becoming more difficult due to increasing antibiotic resistance and poor patient compliance. We aim to develop a novel liposomal drug delivery system that encapsulates antibiotics and the antimicrobial fatty acid linolenic acid (LLA). We hypothesise that H. pylori will have much lower resistance rates to this dual formulation. Liposomes consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), sphingomyelin, and cholesterol were produced using the thin film hydration method. The size of our liposomes was assessed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), and their antimicrobial activity was assessed using a viable count assay. The liposomes had a particle size ranging from 95 to 150 nm. We have successfully loaded LLA up to 20 % of total lipid composition, and shown stability of the particles in storage at 4 °C for up to 3 months. The LLA liposomes achieved complete eradication of H. pylori in vitro at 150 µg ml−1, whereas control liposomes containing no LLA had no antimicrobial effect. We have recently formulated liposomes encapsulating LLA and amoxicillin at 2.2 mg ml−1 and 0.99 mg ml−1 respectively, and are currently assessing their antimicrobial activity against H. pylori. In conclusion, it is possible to prepare LLA- and amoxicillin-containing liposomes and LLA has antimicrobial activity against H. pylori. In future work we will utilise strategies to enhance gastric retention which will provide local bactericidal activity, improving on inefficient systemic uptake mechanisms with current therapies.

Zdravstvena njega oboljelih od peptičkog ulkusa po procesu zdravstvene njege

INTRODUCTION: Peptic ulcer is a group of upper gastrointestinal ulcer diseases in which the aggressive effect of hydrochloric acid and pepsin on the mucous membrane of this system plays the most significant role. The two most common causes of peptic ulcer are Helicobacter pylori eradication and overuse of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this paper is presented the patient with duodenal ulcer treated at the University Hospital Foča in the Department of Gastroenterology. VIEW OF THE PATIENT: Patient aware, oriented, acting exhausted, shortness of breath, moderately nourished, afebrile, acyanotic, pronounced general weakness and languor, gait instability and dizziness. Pulse 100/min,TA 160/100mmhg. The troubles began with a feeling of nausea, and three days before admission he threw up dark contents. After that he had a dark excrement on a couple of occasions. The problems became more and more acute, and after the laboratory analyzes he was sent to the University Hospital in Foca. States that he has been drinking a lot of pain medication for 4-5 months because of the severity of his spine pain(isialgia). Receives hypertension medications. The patient's mother had stomach problems, denied allergies, and food or medication. The patient gave us information that he is a non-smoker and occasionally he consumed alcohol. Chronic cough and thick cough expectoration are present, lasting for a long period. After a thorough history, a physical examination of the findings of the esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the gastroenterologist made the diagnosis - Ulcer of the duodenum. CONCLUSION: After the completion of hospitalization, the patient's physical and mental condition improved significantly. The patient expressed satisfaction with the quality of health services, information received, health care and hospital treatment.

Measurement of Helicobacter Pylori in Patients with Bronchial Asthma

Background: Current evidence indicates an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori and asthma and allergy. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which represents the major cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, and preferentially elicits a T helper (Th)-1 response. Many H. pylori factors, such as the neutrophil-activating factor of H. pylori (HP-NAP), are able to drive Th-1 polarization and to display a powerful inhibition of allergic Th-2 response. Special attention has been drawn to HP-NAP as a potential novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of asthma and atopy. Aim of the Work: This study was aimed to measure helicobacter pylori in patient with bronchial asthma. Subjects and Methods: This study included a total of 50 patients with bronchial asthma and 20 age-matched control individuals attending at AL-Hussein, Al-Azhar University Hospitals in the period between April 2018 and December 2018. All patients underwent full history taking, complete clinical examination, plain chest X-ray, routine lab investigations, spirometry before and after bronchodilators and H. pylori antigen in stool by ELISA. Results: The results of this study revealed that there is a relation between bronchial asthma and helicobacter pylori. Conclusion: There were improvement in pulmonary function tests in asthmatic patients with H. pylori positive more than asthmatic patients with H. pylori negative.

Measurement of Helicobacter Pylori in Patients with Bronchial Asthma

Background: Current evidence indicates an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori and asthma and allergy. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which represents the major cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, and preferentially elicits a T helper (Th)-1 response. Many H. pylori factors, such as the neutrophil-activating factor of H. pylori (HP-NAP), are able to drive Th-1 polarization and to display a powerful inhibition of allergic Th-2 response. Special attention has been drawn to HP-NAP as a potential novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of asthma and atopy. Aim of the Work: This study was aimed to measure helicobacter pylori in patient with bronchial asthma. Subjects and Methods: This study included a total of 50 patients with bronchial asthma and 20 age-matched control individuals attending at AL-Hussein, Al-Azhar University Hospitals in the period between April 2018 and December 2018. All patients underwent full history taking, complete clinical examination, plain chest X-ray, routine lab investigations, spirometry before and after bronchodilators and H. pylori antigen in stool by ELISA. Results: The results of this study revealed that there is a relation between bronchial asthma and helicobacter pylori. Conclusion: There were improvement in pulmonary function tests in asthmatic patients with H. pylori positive more than asthmatic patients with H. pylori negative.