Text Categories Research Articles

Applications of Deep Learning in News Text Classification

The advancement in technology is taking place with an accelerating pace across the globe. With the increasing expansion and technological advancement, a vast volume of text data are generated everyday, in the form of social media platform, websites, company data, healthcare data, and news. Indeed, it is a difficult task to extract intriguing patterns from the text data, such as opinions, summaries, and facts, having varying length. Because of the problems of the length of text data and the difficulty of feature value extraction in news, this paper proposes a news text classification method based on the combination of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In order to classify the text data, the earlier approaches use a single word vector to express text information and only the information of the relationship between words were considered, but the relationship between words and categories was ignored which indeed is an important factor for the classification of news text. This paper follows the idea of a customized algorithm which is the combination of DL algorithms such as CNN, LSTM, and MLP and proposes a customized DCLSTM-MLP model for the classification of news text data. The proposed model is expressed in parallel with word vector and word dispersion. The relationship among words is represented by the word vector as an input of the CNN module, and the relationship between words and categories is represented by a discrete vector as an input of the MLP module in order to realize comprehensive learning of spatial feature information, time-series feature information, and relationship between words and categories of news text. To check the stability and performance of the proposed method, multiple experiments were performed. The experimental results showed that the proposed method solves the problems of text length, difficulty of feature extraction in the news text, and classification of news text in an effective way and attained better accuracy, recall rate, and comprehensive value as compared to the other models.

Этнолингвистические элементы как конституенты текстовых категорий (на материале русского и немецкого языков)

The research aims to determine the extent to which the semantic blocks of ethnolinguistic elements participate in the formation of the text categories of temporality, locality, modality in the fairy-tale type of a text. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in discovering the text functions of ethnolinguistic elements for the first time. It is also the first time that the most active blocks of the ethnic elements of the Russian and German languages involved in the construction of the above-mentioned text categories in the fairy-tale type of a text have been identified and calculated mathematically. As a result of a linguistic analysis of the ethnolinguistic components of the German and Russian fairy tales, it is confirmed that the fairy-tale type of a text acts as equally valuable material both for the study of the ethnic characteristics and national worldview of the considered people and for certain text categories formation.

A Text Category Detection and Information Extraction Algorithm with Deep Learning

In order to solve the problem that the text classification model based on neural network is easy to over-fit and ignore the key words in sentences in the training process, a Bi-GRU Chinese text classification model based on hierarchical Attention mechanism is proposed. The model introduces the idea of layering, uses bi-directional gated cyclic neural network to learn the text representation at word level and sentence level, uses Self-Attention hierarchical model to obtain the information of the influence of words and sentences on text classification, shares the weight between embedded layer and softmax layer by binding, and uses AMSBound optimization method to obtain the optimal weight matrix quickly and effectively while reducing the parameters in the model. Two commonly used Chinese data sets, FudanSet and THUCNews, are tested on the long Chinese text classification data set FudanSet. The experimental results show that the accuracy, recall rate and F-score of this model are better than Text-CNN model, Attention-BiLSTM model and Bi-GRU_CNN model, and the accuracy, recall rate and F-score index are improved by 5.9%, 5.8% and 4.6%, respectively.

A Case Study of Critical Approach Based Ideological and Political Teaching in English Text

Based on the content of the Critical Approach and category of text in the textbook, this paper attempts to discuss how to use the Critical Approach to explore the writer’s intention in the text which also indicates the ideological and political idea in the text. In order to find out the feasible teaching method, this paper chooses the excerpts as the case study. From the detailed analysis of the case, we conclude that the Critical Approach can help us find out the ideological and political ideas in learning text.

Дискурсивна маніфестація адресата

The article describes the text category "addressability" in communicative and pragmatic aspects. It presents the types of addressees, their discursive manifestations and features in the verbal whole through the prism of titles, dedications, epigraphs. The recipients are classified according to external text / internal text features.

POETIC DISCOURSE AS AN ACT OF COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ADDRESSER AND ADDRESSEE

The author substantiates the idea of the anthropocentric nature of the poetic text, in which the addresser and the addressee form an interactive communicative chain, and artistic- poetic communication in the aspect of discursive approach is considered as a process in which the subject of verbal interaction between its participants is encoded in poetic form. Poetic verbal goals act as the source for this research, from which a selection of units that manifest the text category «anthropocentrism» is done in a way of accurate and complete inventory. The research method is descriptive. The author considers the poetic text as an intermediate link in the paradigm, which presupposes certain communicative roles of the addresser (author) and the addressee (reader). This triadic structure of speech interaction is caused by the tactical and strategic repertoire of the speaker, their intention, functional parameters of the text and pragmatic effect. The prospect of the research is the description of the text category «anthropocentrism» and its components (addresser / addressee) in semantic, pragmatic, communicative aspects.

POETIC COMMUNICATION AND ANTROPOCENTRISM

The author substantiates the idea of the anthropocentric nature of the poetic text, in which the addresser and the addressee form an interactive communicative chain, and artistic-poetic communication in the aspect of discursive approach is considered as a process in which the subject of verbal interaction between its participants is encoded in poetic form. Poetic verbal goals act as the source for this research, from which a selection of units that manifest the text category «anthropocentrism» is done in a way of accurate and complete inventory. The research method is descriptive. The author considers the poetic text as an intermediate link in the paradigm, which presupposes certain communicative roles of the addresser (author) and the addressee (reader). This triadic structure of speech interaction is caused by the tactical and strategic repertoire of the speaker, their intention, functional parameters of the text and pragmatic effect. The prospect of the research is the description of the text category «anthropocentrism» and its components (addresser / addressee) in semantic, pragmatic, communicative aspects.

Postface. Ego-Documents As Counter-Archives in Russia

In discussions about the value of autobiographical texts as historical sources, the potential of these texts to compensate for limitations of archives has played a greater role in Russia and the Soviet Union than in Western Europe. Historians, literary scholars, and publicists valued this category of texts as “counter-archives” and saw in it a documentation of those events that otherwise remained inaccessible in the arcana of power – sealed behind archive walls, concealed by censorship. The a...

Rethinking singing on screen: the case for contemporary American ‘screensong’ across the film musical, music television and the music video

AbstractThe last 20 years have seen extensive scholarship on changing audiovisual aesthetics and the blurring boundaries between all screen media. This article draws on this scholarship and engages with critical debates around the musical genre to examine contemporary song-based screen media. While song and singing have a long history across film, television and video, the digital convergence era has engendered new types of song performance and song-based screen formats. To understand the complex connections and exchanges between different forms of singing on screen, this article develops a new evaluative and conceptual framework. I propose the termscreensongto refer to audiovisual representations of singing performance across screen-based media. This article understands screensong as both a broad category of song-based screen texts, genres and formats and as a particular type of song-driven, highly commodified, audiovisual and narrative unit –the screensong– prevalent in contemporary American popular screen media.

A corpus-based investigation of semantic and syntactic differences between the two major future tense constructions

AbstractEnglish has two major future tense constructions,willandbe going to. Additionally, English can also use the present tense with a future-marking adverbial to express futurity. However, the distributions of these future markers are not free but limited. Instead of discriminating the differences among these distributions through direct comparison to etymological meanings or intuitive examples, this study offers an account for the semantic and syntactic differences between the two major English future tense constructions by analyzing data retrieved from the British National Corpus (BNC). The focus of attention is chiefly on the semantic and syntactic differences that lead to the choices British English native speakers make when expressing futurity. Based on the empirical analysis of data from the BNC, this study demonstrates that distribution of the future tense constructions seems sensitive to the following factors: (1) event-time orientation (temporal posteriority) or present-time orientation (prospective aspect), (2) the levels of verbal dynamicity in the whole sentence, (3) contexts of subordination, and (4) different text categories. The analysis suggests that the futurity constructions are not in the same distribution but are semantically and syntactically different. Utilizing its findings, this study aims to enhance second language learners’ expression of futurity by providing pedagogical suggestions.

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ МОДИФІКАЦІЙ ЖАНРОВОЇ ФОРМИ «РОМАН» (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ РОМАНУ ЮРІЯ АНДРУХОВИЧА «КОХАНЦІ ЮСТИЦІЇ» І РОМАНУ ДАНІЕЛЯ КЕЛЬМАННА «СЛАВА. РОМАН З ДЕВ’ЯТИ ІСТОРІЙ»)

The article deals with modifications of the genre form "novel". These modifications consist of novellas but they show a new quality: the coherent harmonious whole. The comparative analysis extends to the text categories. The category of integrity is the hyper-category of text. It is a bipolar unity with discreteness. The tonality as a category belongs to the first degree categories and expresses bipolar unity of the personality/impersonality on a level with coherence and completeness. Then follow the second degree categories (major) - composition form text organization (KMF), architectonic form text organization (AMF) and oralness / writeness. To these categories submit the third degree categories (primary): phonologic, grammar, semantic and stylistic. They are primary only at the text and in the language system they can have two or more degrees. As the relationships of the parameter "text categories " equivalence, inclusiveness, intersection and inconsistency were considered. The comparison of the novels by Yurii Andrukhovych and by Daniel Kehlmann shows the equivalence of the text categories integrity, coherence and completeness (cohesion), oralness / writeness. The same applies to the categories KMF and AMF. It should be noted, that the equivalence is compensatory at the level of simple categories. Simultaneity of events as a manifestation of integrity is expressed in the novel ofAndrukhovych mainly by anachronisms, Kehlmann does not use they (relationship of inconsistency), but Kehlmann connects his stories with characters, it is absent in the work of Andrukhovych, who minimally mentions some characters in the last chapter. The allusion to cinematography is represented in Andrukhovych's novel through the whole text and the ring repetition (in the title and at the end of the novel). It is something else in the novel by Kehlmann. The character Ralph Tanner, a film actor, who appears in one story as the main character and in four stories as a minor character shows that the novel has the tangency to the cinematography.

ParsNER-Social: A Corpus for Named Entity Recognition in Persian Social Media Texts

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is one of the essential prerequisites for many natural language processing tasks. All public corpora for Persian named entity recognition, such as ParsNERCorp and ArmanPersoNERCorpus, are based on the Bijankhan corpus, which is originated from the Hamshahri newspaper in 2004. Correspondingly, most of the published named entity recognition models in Persian are specially tuned for the news data and are not flexible enough to be applied in different text categories, such as social media texts. This study introduces ParsNER-Social, a corpus for training named entity recognition models in the Persian language built from social media sources. This corpus consists of 205,373 tokens and their NER tags, crawled from social media contents, including 10 Telegram channels in 10 different categories. Furthermore, three supervised methods are introduced and trained based on the ParsNER-Social corpus: Two conditional random field models as baseline models and one state-of-the-art deep learning model with six different configurations are evaluated on the proposed dataset. The experiments show that the Mono-Lingual Persian models based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (MLBERT) outperform the other approaches on the ParsNER-Social corpus. Among different Configurations of MLBERT models, the ParsBERT+BERT-TokenClass model obtained an F1-score of 89.65%.

Modern Orthodox sermon: categorical-textual aspect

Examination of functionality of the genres of religious functional style is a relevant direction of modern linguistic research, which is substantiated by the change of social situation in Russia at the turn of the XX – XXI centuries, and thus, the growing role of religion as a form of public consciousness and a type of human activity. Sermon is a genre that functions in the Russian language, which makes it understandable and influential. The author applies the categorical-textual method, which gives an objective perspective and determines the characterological features of the genre, perceived as a type of similar texts with a standard way of explicating text categories; it also allows identifying the signs of invariant and outlining the transformative trends in the genre of sermon, substantiated by the new communication channels. The sermons delivered during liturgy belong to the core of the genre and feature predominant reverent tone, thematic duality: mandatory spiritual theme, with explication of situational and sacred themes, and reduced explication of profane theme; classical compositional structure, where the main theme is accompanied by spiritual interpretation, comprising a compositional complex, while the situational theme serves for creation of a circular plot. Sermons delivered outside liturgy are attributed to the mediated distant communication, which employs modern media channels: television or Internet, which substantiated a way of explication of textual categories that differs from the invariant. Non-liturgical sermons are classified as periphery of the genre and characterized by prevalence of the preaching, and at times aggressive tone, implementation of profane theme in the text, and reduced role of sacred and spiritual themes. Compositionally, non-liturgical sermons are noted for optional introduction and conclusion, with situational theme, which is explained by usage of modern communication channels. The categorical-textual method allows observing the transformation of the genre of sermon from the core towards the periphery.

Fractality and Variability in Canonical and Non-Canonical English Fiction and in Non-Fictional Texts.

This study investigates global properties of three categories of English text: canonical fiction, non-canonical fiction, and non-fictional texts. The central hypothesis of the study is that there are systematic differences with respect to structural design features between canonical and non-canonical fiction, and between fictional and non-fictional texts. To investigate these differences, we compiled a corpus containing texts of the three categories of interest, the Jena Corpus of Expository and Fictional Prose (JEFP Corpus). Two aspects of global structure are investigated, variability and self-similar (fractal) patterns, which reflect long-range correlations along texts. We use four types of basic observations, (i) the frequency of POS-tags per sentence, (ii) sentence length, (iii) lexical diversity, and (iv) the distribution of topic probabilities in segments of texts. These basic observations are grouped into two more general categories, (a) the lower-level properties (i) and (ii), which are observed at the level of the sentence (reflecting linguistic decoding), and (b) the higher-level properties (iii) and (iv), which are observed at the textual level (reflecting comprehension/integration). The observations for each property are transformed into series, which are analyzed in terms of variance and subjected to Multi-Fractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA), giving rise to three statistics: (i) the degree of fractality (), (ii) the degree of multifractality (), i.e., the width of the fractal spectrum, and (iii) the degree of asymmetry () of the fractal spectrum. The statistics thus obtained are compared individually across text categories and jointly fed into a classification model (Support Vector Machine). Our results show that there are in fact differences between the three text categories of interest. In general, lower-level text properties are better discriminators than higher-level text properties. Canonical fictional texts differ from non-canonical ones primarily in terms of variability in lower-level text properties. Fractality seems to be a universal feature of text, slightly more pronounced in non-fictional than in fictional texts. On the basis of our results obtained on the basis of corpus data we point out some avenues for future research leading toward a more comprehensive analysis of textual aesthetics, e.g., using experimental methodologies.

Explicit and hidden zoological categories in early Chinese taxonomies

AbstractThe present article investigates the problems of zoological taxonomical categories in texts that range from the Warring States (ca. 453–221 BCE) to the Eastern Han periods (25–220 CE). It focuses its attention on theErya(attested 3rd c. BCE), a work that had a pivotal role during the development of Chinese lexicography. This terse glossary is probably one of the first texts that deal with the problem of taxonomical classification in early China through the use of syntactical devices that I call “categorical markers”, i.e. normalised characters that introduce an ontologically independent category of entities. By dint of the analysis of selected case studies, it will be shown that along fairly well attested “categorical markers” that constitute dichotomous systems (such asshou獸 “quadruped furred creatures” versusniao鳥 “bipedal winged creatures”), early Chinese taxonomies reveal less explicit linguistic devices that are implied in zoological classification, e.g. the presence of “sub-categorical markers” as noun modifiers (chou醜 “being physically similar” orshu屬 “to belong to a category”) used in order to create embedded taxonomies within the standard “categorical markers”. This complexity reveals an organised taxonomical system that helps us to better define the early Chinese conception of the natural world.

What is a Classic in History?

Abstract What is the classic in history? What is a classic in historical writing? Very few historians and critics have addressed these questions, and when they have done so, it has been only in a cursory manner. These are queries that require some explanation regarding historical texts because of their peculiar ambivalence between science and art, content and form, sources and imagination, scientific and narrative language. Based on some examples of the Western historiographical tradition, I discuss in this article to what extent historians should engage the concept of the classic – as has been done for literary texts. If one assumes that the historical text is not only a referential account but also a narrative analogous to literary texts, then the concept of the classic becomes one of the keys for understanding the historical text – and may improve our understanding not only of historiography, but of history itself. I will argue in this article that it is possible to identify a category of the classic text in some historical writings, precisely because of the literarity they possess without losing their specific historical condition. Because of their narrative condition, historical texts share some of the features assigned to literary texts – that is, endurance, timelessness, universal meaningfulness, resistance to historical criticism, susceptibility to multiple interpretations, and ability to function as models. Yet, since historical texts do not construct imaginary worlds but reflect external realities, they also have to achieve some specific features according to this referential content – that is, surplus of meaning, historical use of metaphors, effect of contemporaneity without damaging the pastness of the past, and a certain appropriation of literariness. Without seeking to be normative or systematic, this article focuses on some specific features of the historical classic, offering a series of reflections to open rather than try to close a debate on this complex topic.

Image of Subject of Research in Discussions оn the Russian of Soviet Period (Imagery as a Linguistic and Stylistic Category of a Scientific Text)

Imagery is viewed as a hidden linguistic-stylistic category of a scientific text, the explication of which depends on the characteristics of the individual speech culture and the time of understanding the problem. The connection between scientific thinking and the figurativeness of the text is shown. It was determined that the imagery of a scientific text, in contrast to an artistic one, is not associated with the reproductive register of speech, it is formed by two linguistic and stylistic categories: the image of the subject of knowledge and, according to Yu. V. Rozhdestvensky, “the image of a scientific subject”. It is noted that scientific phraseology is formed in the same ways as poetic, but functionally different from it. The method of descriptive analysis revealed the associative and metaphorical fields of the key terms for linguistics. It has been established that scientific thinking is based on images of language-movement, language-space and language-social phenomenon. The authors believe that an appeal to related disciplines (linguistic personalology and the history of philology) makes it possible to develop fragments of a common scientific picture of the world at a certain historical stage, and to see the nature of their changes during the period of scientific paradigms change. The idea of the reproducibility of an image not as a “decoration” of speech, but a means of “figurative cohesion” (I. R. Galperin), a way of storing and transmitting information is fundamentally important in the article. The conclusion that the figurative paradigmatics influences the formation of the linguistic personality of the scientist-philologist is made.

A COMPARISON OF TWO FLUCTUATION ANALYSES FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE CLUSTERING PHENOMENA —TAYLOR vs. EBELING & NEIMAN METHODS—

This paper considers the fluctuation analysis methods of Taylor and Ebeling & Neiman. While both have been applied to various phenomena in the statistical mechanics domain, their similarities and differences have not been clarified. After considering their analytical aspects, this paper presents a large-scale application of these methods to text. It is found that both methods can distinguish real text from independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sequences. Furthermore, it is found that the Taylor exponents acquired from words can roughly distinguish text categories; this is also the case for Ebeling and Neiman exponents, but to a lesser extent. Additionally, both methods show some possibility of capturing script kinds.

Spiritual autobiographies as sources of the ecumenism: Dag Hammarskjöld’s case

An important genre of the theological area, spiritual autobiography is currently undergoing a rediscovery process, because of recent research on this topic. Written by important mystical personalities belonging to different Christian traditions (such as Saint Silouane the Athonite or Saint John of Kronstadt for the Orthodox area, Saint Teresa of Avila for the Catholic one and Dag Hammarskjold for the Lutheran one), spiritual autobiographies can constitute a valuable source for the understanding of their authors’ thinking and perception of fundamental topics such as ecumenism. Being aware of this aspect, we will start from a case study, namely that of Dag Hammarskjold, and we will try to see how this category of texts can be used in order to understand the attitude of the authors of spiritual autobiographies and their motivation in the ecumenical space. Contribution: The research helps the reader to see how the spiritual autobiographies can be a source of understanding the ecumenism of mystical vocations, using as example Dag Hammarskjold’s Markings .

Языковые средства репрезентации категории сакральности (на материале англоязычного текста Библии)

The paper aims to prove that sacredness is a meaningful category of the biblical text represented at different language levels. The author provides a linguistic analysis of the key religious concept “sacredness”, identifies its categorial status within the biblical text, which constitutes scientific originality of the study. The findings justify the thesis that sacredness is a meaningful category of the biblical text; the conducted research broadens theoretical understanding of the categorial structure of the sacred speech pieces. The sacredness category plane of content comprises two types of sacral knowledge, and plane of expression - multi-level linguistic means.