Charaka Samhita Research Articles

Clinical Application of Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita in the Present Era

From last few decades in health sector of India, role of traditional medicine enhanced whether it is Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani or Yoga. Ayurveda main aim is to maintain the health of the healthy individual and treatment of the ailments. This treatment related concept with their fundamentals were written in stepwise manner and classified in various Sthana. This article highlights the ancient view of Charaka and clinical applications of the concepts embedded in the Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita. Aims and Objectives: To explore the concepts clinical application of Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita in the present era. Material and Methods: The available Samhita mainly Charaka Samhita, with Sanskrit and Hindi commentaries on Vimana Sthana along with the available commentaries. Discussion: According to Acharya Charaka, Vimana Sthana is explained after Nidana Sthana where all the etiological factors are explained properly but still if a physician does not know the measurement and special features of Doshas he will not be able to treat the patient properly. There is total eight chapters in this Sthana having wide variety of topics that a clinician should know before entering into practice. Chapter wise clinical applicability are discussed. Conclusion: Approach to diseases concept by Acharya Charaka in Vimana Sthana is progressive, scientific and applied in clinical application of today’s era also.

AYURVEDIC DRUGS IN MANAGEMENT AND UPAKARMA OF VATAJA HRIDROGA: A REVIEW

Hridroga is the most critical ailment described in Ayurveda. Vataja (cardiovascular disorder) is a form of Hridroga that can be distinguished by pathological symptoms described in Ayurveda. It manifests as ruja in urah pradesha (chest discomfort) and other signs and symptoms such as alpanidrata, shvasavrodha, darah, hrutdrava, stambha, stabadha, akasmat deenata, shoka, bhaya, shabdasehsnuta, shunyata, vepathu, and vestana. Ayurveda has a deficit in assessing disease symptoms using standard parameters. In order to diagnose a disease, it is necessary to do an assessment. Vataj Hridroga symptoms include hritshunya bhava, hrit-shosha, bheda and stambha, and moha-murccha. It is primarily due to Vata vitiation. Shaman chikitsa is the most effective treatment for Vataj Hridroga. Classical literature on Vataj Hridroga and Haritakyadi ghritapaan from Charaka Samhita was studied as a source of information. The drugs used to make Haritakyadi ghrita from Bhavaprakasa Nighantu. The literature mentions observations on nidana, samprapti, Vataj Hridroga's rupa, Haritakyadi ghritapaan, and drugs.

A review on ayurvedic and modern aspects of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women globally. According to World Health Organization, more than twenty lakh females were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2020. The Globocan data 2020 estimates that, in India, breast cancer accounted for 13.5% of all cancer and around 10.6% of all trends of this disease is rising in younger Indian women. According to epidemiological data, more than 25 in every one lakh women develop breast cancer. By 2030, breast carcinoma will cause most deaths among women in India than the other malady. In Ayurveda there isn’t as such mention of Cancer or Karkaroga in Ayurvedic literature like Charaka Samhita, SushrutaSamhita, Vaghbhata Samhita i.e. Brihatrayi of Ayurveda. But there are some diseases which resemble with Cancer. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned some diseases in his Nidansthan chapter no.11 “GranthyapachyArbudagalGandanaam” Adhyaya in this context Acharya Sushruta mentioned diseases like Arbuda, Granth, Gulma, Vranashotha, Kustha etc. which shows similar signs and symptoms of tumors. In the present study we try to focus all the ayurvedic and modern aspects about the breast cancer.

Effect of Smriti Meditation in Generalized Anxiety Disorder - A Single Group Pre-Test - Post-Test Design

The prevalence rate of generalized anxiety disorder is increasing constantly in the modern era. In Ayurveda, the symptoms of this disease show a resemblance with the condition called Cittodvega (excited state of mind), which is one among the Manovikara in Ayurveda caused by dysfunction of increased Vata and Pitta dosha. The present study was conducted as a clinical trial to study the effect of Smriti meditation on ten diagnosed participants of generalized anxiety disorder within the age group of 18–60 years selected from the Manassanthi outpatient department of VPSV Ayurveda college, Kottakkal. 3-5 sessions of smriti meditation for 1-2 hours were done for all the participants within 15 days, and the follow-up assessment was done 1 week after the last meditation session. The Smriti meditation technique is an interactive guided psychotherapeutic meditation technique derived from the descriptions of Satvavavjaya chikitsa mentioned in Caraka Samhita. Assessment scores of different intervals were statistically analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Based on the results, it was found that smriti Meditation has a statistically significant effect in reducing the symptoms of all the domains of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale and also improves the quality of life of participants within a short period.

An Insight into Therapeutic and Nutritional Profile of Aja Dugdha (Goat’s Milk): A Review

In many countries, goat (Aja) rearing is well organized and is an essential part of living in terms of contributing to the economic structure as well as nutrition. Goat milk (Aja Dugdha) is rich source of protein, vitamins, enzymes and mineral content and most of them are present in higher percentage than that of other commonly consumed milk. For instance, it contains 13% more calcium, 47% more vitamin A and 25% more vitamin B6 than cow’s milk. It has better digestibility, alkalinity and buffer capacity than milk of other animals and also possesses numerous therapeutic properties viz. Anticancer, hepato-protective, cardio-protective and antihypertensive etc. Classical texts of Ayurveda also embrace its nutritive and therapeutic potential and indicated it in management of different diseases like Atisara (diarrhoea), Jwara (fever), Rajyakshma (tuberculosis), Kshaya, Shosha (atrophy/emaciation) etc. Methodology: Different scientific databases like Web of Science, Scopus etc. along with Ayurveda texts viz., Charak Samhita, Kashyap Samhita etc were searched in order to extract data pertaining to goat milk. Results: The present study revealed that in Ayurveda, goat milk has been indicated in the management of more than 20 disease conditions and conventional studies also reported more than 15 pharmacological properties of goat milk. Discussion & Conclusion: It has been found that the therapeutic and nutritive value of goat milk has been extensively studied in Ayurveda and conventional science as well. It’s easy to digest and have a better composition of vitamins, fatty acids, protein and minerals than other available milks. Therefore, it can be a used a most appropriate alternative to human and cow milk but should with caution as it lacks sufficient quantity of iron, folate and vitamins C etc.

A review on Cosmetology in Ayurveda

According to Ayurveda concept of cosmetology is not merely limited up to beautiful skin and hairs, it also includes physical, mental, social elements. According to Ayurveda healthy skin is a result of overall health condition of individuals which includes Prakrut Dosa, the Strotas, Agni and the Dhatus. Ayurveda believe cosmetology from Garbhaawastha. In Garbasanskara fifth and sixth months are considered effective for the treatment of Varna of fetus. Panchakarma treatment one of the major pillars of Ayurveda that are mainly famous as a detoxification procedure also contribute to cosmetology. Concept of Rasayana, Dincharaya, Ritucharya delays the changes occurring in body due to advancement of age and also premature changes affecting the beauty. In Charak Samhita cosmetic drugs are classified in Varnya Gana, Kustagna Gana, Kandugya Gana and Vayasthapak Gana. Many Lepas, Pradeha,Upnaha, Anjana Taila are described in Susruta and Ashtanga Samhita. In Garuda Purana various beautifying Yoga are mentioned along with specific combination of drugs for beauty of skin and hairs. This literary review is an attempt to outline the concept of cosmetology according to different Acharyas of Ayurveda, Panchakarma as an effective cosmetic therapy, role of Garbhasanskara for desired beauty of fetus, and prevention of ageing by Rasayana therapy to promote ayurvedic cosmetology on global level.

Review on Darvyadi Ghrita an Ayurvedic Formulation for Diarrhoea

Darvyadi Ghrita is a polyherbal formulation and is mainly indicated for the diarrhoea. It is mentioned in Charak Samhita by Acharya Charak. Preparation of oleaginous dosage form is described as Sneha Kalpana performed by subjecting Ghrita or oil to a particular pattern of heat treated with Kalka (Paste) of Kutaja, Daruharidra, Pippali, Shunthi, Katuka, Draksha and Kwath (Decoction) of same ingredients. Murchana is a pre procedure to Sneha Kalpana in which Ghrita is treated with few drugs. The main ingredients of Darvyadi Ghrita is Kutaja (Holarrhena Antidysentrica Wall.), Daruharidra (Berberis Aristata DC.), Pippali (Piper Longum Linn.), Shunthi (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.), Katuka (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex.Benth), Draksha (Vitis Vinifera Linn.) and Go-Ghrita. In Ayurvedic therapeutics the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the drug entirely depends upon Rasa, Virya, Vipaka, Prabhava and balance of Tridosha in the body. The ingredients of Darvyadi Ghrita with their Rasapanchaka, are very much competent to exhibit anti-bacterial and anti-diarrheal property from Ayurvedic perspective.

Clinical Study of Polyherbal Formulation in the Management of Bronchial Asthma (Tamaka Swasa)

Tamaka Swasa is described as one of the five varieties of swasa mentioned in various Ayurvedic classics like Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita, Astanga Hrdaya, Madhava Nidana etc. In classics various single/multiple herbs and minerals has been well establish in the practice of Ayurveda. In the present study an open clinical trial has been made in 100 (one hundred) patients of bronchial asthma with an attempt to explore the efficacy of polyherbal formulation in the management of bronchial asthma. The polyherbal formulation is prepared in coarse powder and made it into kwath (decoction) form by boiling 10 gms in 200ml of water for 5-10 minutes or more till concentrated by evaporation to 50 ml. The decoctions is then keep for cooling for some time and is advice to take twice daily preferably after food continuously for three months. The result after completion of the treatment in all sign and symptoms following inclusion and exclusion criteria is seen to be so satisfactory and encouraging and further no adverse or side effect was observed in any of the patient in the entire study.

Mechanistic role and potential of Ayurvedic herbs as anti-aging therapies.

Medicinal plants and herbs are the most important part of the Ayurveda. The term Rasayana in Charaka Samhita confers long life, youthfulness, strong body, freedom from diseases and the plants mentioned in Rsayana possess antiaging property. Aging is the collective term used for the complex detrimental physiological changes that reduce the functional ability of the cell. Oxidative stress, telomeres shortening, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main factors that regulate the aging process. Chronological aging is an irreversible process but the factors causing biological aging can be controlled. Ayurvedic herbs are better for the management of age-related problems. There are several natural bioactive agents present in plants that can delay the aging process in humans. They trigger actions like enhancing gene longevity and telomerase activity, ROS scavenging furthermore regeneration of tissues. The plants mentioned in the Rasayana of Ayurveda have antiaging potential and can be used to solve modern problems related to aging. Some Ayurvedic plants and their antiaging potential has explained in this review. The main causes of aging, medicinal plants and their use as potential antiaging mediator are covered in this study. The process of aging is still an enigma. It is a complex, irretrievable, dynamic process that involves a number of factors and is subject to a number of environmental and genetic influences. Rasayana aspect has not been much investigated in clinical trials. Aging is considered to result from free radical damage. According to Charaka, Rasayana drugs open the partially or fully blocked channels. Many Rasayanas show free radical scavenging activity and has the potential to mitigate the effects of aging. It gives an overview of the significance of Ayurvedic medicinal plants as a source of inspiration and the use of these plants as remedies for antiaging. This study briefly outlooks the causes of aging and how medicinal plants can be used to reverse the aging process. In this study, we discussed the antiaging potential and mechanistic roles of Ayurvedic herbs. These herbs have the properties to slow down the natural process of aging and can successfully manage common age-related problems.

Mechanistic role and potential of Ayurvedic herbs as anti-aging therapies.

Medicinal plants and herbs are the most important part of the Ayurveda. The term Rasayana in Charaka Samhita confers long life, youthfulness, strong body, freedom from diseases and the plants mentioned in Rsayana possess antiaging property. Aging is the collective term used for the complex detrimental physiological changes that reduce the functional ability of the cell. Oxidative stress, telomeres shortening, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main factors that regulate the aging process. Chronological aging is an irreversible process but the factors causing biological aging can be controlled. Ayurvedic herbs are better for the management of age-related problems. There are several natural bioactive agents present in plants that can delay the aging process in humans. They trigger actions like enhancing gene longevity and telomerase activity, ROS scavenging furthermore regeneration of tissues. The plants mentioned in the Rasayana of Ayurveda have antiaging potential and can be used to solve modern problems related to aging. Some Ayurvedic plants and their antiaging potential has explained in this review. The main causes of aging, medicinal plants and their use as potential antiaging mediator are covered in this study. The process of aging is still an enigma. It is a complex, irretrievable, dynamic process that involves a number of factors and is subject to a number of environmental and genetic influences. Rasayana aspect has not been much investigated in clinical trials. Aging is considered to result from free radical damage. According to Charaka, Rasayana drugs open the partially or fully blocked channels. Many Rasayanas show free radical scavenging activity and has the potential to mitigate the effects of aging. It gives an overview of the significance of Ayurvedic medicinal plants as a source of inspiration and the use of these plants as remedies for antiaging. This study briefly outlooks the causes of aging and how medicinal plants can be used to reverse the aging process. In this study, we discussed the antiaging potential and mechanistic roles of Ayurvedic herbs. These herbs have the properties to slow down the natural process of aging and can successfully manage common age-related problems.

NYAYA PHILOSOPHY AND ITS ROLE IN AYURVEDA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

A Nyaya, or maxim, is a statement of universal truth or rule. Nyayas are used to express the author’s ideas concisely and clearly. Ayurveda has incorporated numerous Nyayas to clarify its teachings. To portray the hidden meaning, Nyaya has mostly been used as a tool by Samhita commentators. In his Ayurveda deepika commentary, Chakrapani a renowned commentator on the Charaka Samhita used several nyayas, including kaakadanta pareeksha, Ghunaakshara Nyaya, Chhatrino gachchhanti Nyaya, and others in diverse situations. A deeper understanding of the samhita will result from the analysis of these nyayas.

DETERMINANTS OF OUTCOME OF AYURVEDA STUDIES AND ANUBANDHA CHATUSHTAYA - A REVIEW

Anubandha Chatushtaya is an essential part of any writing. It is about the four factors, which were considered while making a scripture for an expected outcome. It is supposed that these factors first appeared with this terminology in Vedanta textbooks. The theme of a treatise, its objective, the target audience, and their interrelationships, are the four determinants of writing/outcome of literature. According to Vedanta, a competent learner learned from qualified teachers with the help of authentic treatises in a good manner and reaches the goal, of liberation (Moksha). Likewise in Ayurveda, a capable student well versed with authentic knowledge of Ayurveda and skilled through experience will become a qualified Physician. The real science is safe in the hands of such expert Physicians. From the very first chapter of Charaka Samhita itself, it emphasised the need of maintaining real physicians as well as avoiding quacks and little learned. It is to preserve the value of science and real practice. Some of the Ayurveda classical textbooks have descriptions of the factors of Anubandha Chatushtaya. But the term Anubandha Chatushtaya is not used for these factors. Therefore, we explored ancient Ayurveda literature for the descriptions regarding factors of Anubandha Chatushtaya. The descriptions of the qualities of students, teachers, textbooks, the learning methods, and the definition and utility of Ayurveda are some of them we found. Moreover, we found that these factors with utmost perfection are necessary for the prosperity of Ayurveda.

Antiviral with Immune Booster Therapy: Current concept for clinical care in Covid-19

Objective: Objective of the article is to provide a brief overview of novel corona virus, discussing the role of immunity in the pathogenesis, analyzing the comparative efficacy of anti-viral vs. immune- enhancer medicines and propose a stepwise treatment methodology of both these groups of herbs for prevention as well as management of COVID-19. Data Source: Ayurvedic texts including Brihatatrayi (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita & Astanga Hridyam), Laghutrayi, Nighantus, published article in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, AYUSH Portal, etc., were thoroughly searched for the compilation of information. Review method: Narrative and systematic methods for reviewing the literature and related published article was used Discussion: There is yet no proven drug for the treatment of COVID-19 and therefore presently medicines having substantial evidences are use for the treatment of COVID-19 on trial basis to assess best possible treatment. In this direction, this article provides a framework of treatment methodology according to Ayurveda for the prevention as well as management of COVID-19. Conclusion: The article provides details of anti-viral medicines and immune-boosting medicines described in Ayurveda and give the logistical approach for their sequential use to manage the disease.

Role of Pathya-Apathya in the Management of Prameha (Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus)

Before starting management of any disease three important things to be kept in mind that is etiology, well planning, and Pathya-Apathya. Pathya–Apathya plays important role in the management of various disorders. Prameha is one of such disorder in which Pathya-Apathya affect its morbidity. Etiology, etiopathogenesis with clinical manifestation of Prameha are very well described in ancient textbook like Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astanga Hridyam and Astanga Samgraha etc. In all treatise of Ayurveda, Prameha is considered as Santarpanajanya Vikara that is of three types i.e., Vataj, Pittaj and Kaphaja. Madhumeha mentioned under the heading of Vataj Prameha that is closely correlated to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is of two type viz., Type-1 Diabetes & Type-2 Diabetes. Among that, Type-2 diabetes is non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus that occur in middle age. In this clinical entity insulin resistance was developed. In its management, Pathya–Apathya contributes a major role in controlling blood sugar level. Therefore, author attempted to highlight role of Pathya–Apathya (do’s & don’t) in the management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Role of Ayurveda Modalities in the Management of Urdhwag Amlapitta (Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease): A Critical Review

For long time various types of communicable diseases were biggest killer diseases globally. But now a days trend become changing towards increased prevalence of chronic diseases due to changing their diet pattern, lifestyle and behavioral pattern. In these chronic diseases Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is the Gastro-intestinal disorder defined by recurrent troublesome heart-burn and regurgitation. Patient with GERD can be medicated empirically with Antacids and proton pump Inhibitor’s but in most of the cases patient do not respond to such treatment absolutely and several adverse effects arises after prolonged use. Ayurvedic texts classifies the broad spectrum of Amlapitta into Urdhwag and Adhog Amlapitta in which GERD shows similarity with Urdhwag Amlapitta on the basis of causes and symptoms. Aim and Objectives: The current review article illustrates the mode of action of Ayurvedic procedures (Shodhana Chikitsa) and formulations (Shamana Chikitsa) which is safe and effective for GERD (Urdhwag Amlapitta) Material and Methods: Ayurvedic texts referred are Charak Samhita, Yog Ratnakar, Bhaisjya ratnavali and contemporary modern texts and published manuscripts. Discussion: Detailed protocol treatment for Amlapitta in the form of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa discussed in terms of drugs and diet, should be applied considering the association of Dosha. Conclusion: This review article will helpful to Ayurveda scholars, academicians, clinicians and researchers for the future prospect to plan the research work on same topics.

Importance of Madhu in Classical Ayurvedic Text

In Ayurveda or Sanskrit, honey is called Madhu. Madhu is supposed to be a substance that will be licked i.e., Lehyam. Lehyam is a jam-like substance of normal beginning. Madhu is usually utilized as Anupana i.e., given alongside essential dynamic medicine to improve quicker retention and osmosis of medicament, and Sahapana i.e., alongside essential or dynamic medicament. It’s essential clinical property is efficient as well as nearby, either alone or in the mix with different medications. The use of Madhu as food and medication has been upheld since the Vedic time frame, or at least, the mid-second thousand years or mid-first thousand years. This is because the types, properties, actions, and indications of Madhu were mentioned in the Ayurvedic great encyclopedias, such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridya, Bhava Prakasha, Yogaratnakara, and Harita Samhita. Thus, the uses of Madhu in the health care system stretch back into antiquity. This paper is designed to rule out different types and qualities of Madhu in Ayurveda. Also, it discusses its significance according to different classical texts of Ayurveda.

An Ayurvedic Approach to Palitya (Premature Greying of Hair)

Ayurveda is the most ancient among the holistic health science donated to humanity by the perfect Indian heritage. Palitya disease has been explained in all Samhitas in different context. So in Charaka Samhita kala Akala Palitya is mentioned under Sirogata vyadhi, whereas other authors explained it in Sirokapalagata roga and Kshudrarogadhikara. Akala Palitya has been mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics among Sirokapalagata vyadhi, Keshashauklatyam, Kalapurvapakava. Trichological Society defined Premature Canities (Akala Palitya) as a pigment deficiency frequently seen in middle aged people of either gender. Akala Palitya is an accompaniment of premature greying and possesses a clinical challenge to the medical practitioners. In present days because of altered lifestyle and stressful occupation signs of aging are seen much earlier. Increasing urbanization and industrialization has posed greater danger, due to pollution and contamination of water and air, with variable both exogenous and endogenous factors, there is definite increase in the incidence of Premature Greying of Hairs, especially in tropical and developing countries.

Ayurvedic Aspect of Dhatusarata &Its Clinical Significance

The conventional medical system known as Ayurveda was developed in India thousands of years ago. Ayurvedic specializations such as Agni, Prakruti, and Dhatusarata are the foundation for research, diagnosis, and treatment. Ayurveda states that the human body comprises Doshaa, dhatu, and mala. As Dosha is the structural and operational component of the human body, mala is to maintain the body's health and cleanliness, and dhatu gives strength to our body. They serve as the body's foundation. Seven dhatus are necessary for the human body's development and survival. The term ''SARA'' refers to the most crucial and refined portion of dhatu. The most purified or vital part of dhatus is known as Sara. Dhatu Sara pariksha serves as a useful mirror for evaluating the characteristics and purposes of dhatus. Dhatu sarata also determines the strength of a person. The description of dhatusarata [tissue excellence] has been given under Dashavidha pariksha [tenfold examination] in Charak Samhita, Viman sthana,8th chapter. Charak says one should commit to something other than a strong or weak foundation. Instead, it depends on Sara or the superior quality of dhatus. It is proven that certain people with small frames and slim builds can be powerful. Individuals with various dhatu sarata have varying aptitudes for particular tasks. Therefore, people should select a career by determining their dhatu sarata. Some quantitative criteria must be developed to evaluate these attributes by tissue excellence or dhatu sarata. One can determine a dhatu's true strength by evaluating Dhatu sarata. Dhatu sarata helps to determine the bala praman of an individual. For the enhancement of immunity, selection of career, antenatal care, and dietary regimen, dhatu sarata plays an important role. This study aims to elaborate on the concept of dhatu sarata and its application.

Wound healing potential of Vakeri fortified KampillakadiTaila

BackgroundTraditional medicine in form of decoctions has been known for ages to possess wound healing abilities. One such traditional formulation mentioned in Indian literature Charak Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam is Kampillakadi Taila and tremendous information is available on its implication in the treatment of skin cuts and wounds, diseases, or bacterial infections. This research paper focuses on studying the wound healing property of one such herbal proprietary formulation known as a wound healing oil, derived from Kampillakadi Taila fortified with root extract of Wagatea spicata (VIKHPF). ObjectiveThe current research is aimed at studying chemical profiling, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial efficacy, in-vitro cell proliferating, and in-vitro wound healing activity of this VKHPF. Materials and methodsThe chemical characterization of VKHPF was done by gas chromatography- fatty acid methyl esters GC-FAME analysis for lipid analysis and gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)for revealing its chemical constituents. Proliferation and migration are two underlying mechanisms involved in the healing of wounds. Hence, in-vitro studies such as cell proliferation assay and in-vitro scratch test on NIH/3T3 mice fibroblast cell line were conducted were used to determine in-vitro wound healing capacity of VKHPF. The oil was also tested for antioxidant effect (DPPH assay) and anti-microbial potential (Time kill test). ResultsThe GC-HRMS and GC-FAME analyses revealed rich medicinally important fatty acids and vitamins were present in VKHPF, such as oleic acid, hexadecanoic acid, squalene, α, γ-tocopherol, γ-sitosterol, and benzoic acid. VKHPF at 0.5 mg/ml in media without serum showed 164.00 ± 0.011% cell viability with 64.00% cell proliferation in contrast to media containing serum (100% cell viability). At the same concentration, the wound closure was 98% for VKHPF. The oil sample possessed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 3.5 mg/ml and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when tested using Time Kill Activity. ConclusionThis study is the first to report the use of Vakeri fortified Kampillakadi Taila herbal proprietary formulation (VKHPF) in in-vitro wound healing and the present data suggest that it can form a part of modern medicine.

A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ARTICLE ON TWAK W.S.R. SKIN

In Ayurveda the word Twak or Charma is used for skin. Twak is referred to as due to the fact its miles that which covers the frame. This also suggests the moves of skin within the shape of pulsatility and responsiveness. Twak is the Updhatu of Mamsa. at some point of the formation of Garbha, differentiation of the layers of the skin takes region and is produced by means of all of the 3 Dosha, particularly through the Pitta Dosha. Charaka described Twacha because the Matruja Bhava (maternal issue) that is one of the six Bhava crucial in the development of foetus. Twak is Upadhatuof Mans Dhatu which paperwork the outer protecting of the frame and protects frame from outside factors such as heat, bloodless and many others. its far an important organ of the integumentary machine envelops underlying tissues and organs. Ayurveda point out the Twak as Sparshanaindrya. The layers of the Twak has been cited through extraordinary Acharyas, but the know-how of the each layer isnt always so much clear with respect to the layer stated inside the modern technology. Acharya explained the thickness of the Twak layers in as compared with the Vreehi grain and each layer has distinct thickness. concerning the formation of Twak, it was correlated with simile of formation of casein over milk. there may be a want to understand the extraordinary layer of Twak and pores and skin, their structural, useful & developmental interpretation to correlate in among them. Aims & Objectives: To review Twak from various Ayurvedic Samhita.To study and correlate twaksthara with layers of skin. Materials and methods: The literary resources for the existing have a look at was amassed by means of ayurvedic samhitaslike Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, AstangSangrah,Bhavprakasha&Sharangdharaetc. it will likely be correlated with the contemporary available books, literature, journals, web sites, and studies paper as according to correlate the possible layer of skin and its formation with the layer of the Twak and its formation process on the basis of classical information. Conclusion-The classical description regarding the Pramana of each TwakSthara has lacuna of evidence so, it can be the issue for similarly have a look at and have to be matched with the modern-day descriptions. The layer of the Twak corresponds with the layer of skin within the purposeful and structural element.