Enlargement Of Capacity Research Articles

Switchable Terahertz Metasurfaces for Spin-Selective Absorption and Anomalous Reflection Based on Vanadium Dioxide.

Conventional chiral metasurfaces are constrained by predetermined functionalities and have limited versatility. To address these constraints, we propose a novel chirality-switchable terahertz (THz) metasurface with integrated heating control circuits tailored for spin-selective anomalous reflection, leveraging the phase-change material vanadium dioxide (VO2). The reversible and abrupt insulator-to-metal phase transition feature of VO2 is exploited to facilitate a chiral meta-atom with spin-selectivity capabilities. By employing the Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle, complete 2π reflection phase coverage is achieved by adjusting the orientation of the chiral structure. At the resonant frequency of 0.137 THz, the designed metasurface achieves selective absorption of a circularly polarized wave corresponding to the state of the VO2 patches. Concurrently, it reflects the circularly polarized wave of the opposite chirality anomalously at an angle of 28.4° while maintaining its handedness. This chirality-switchable THz metasurface exhibits promising potential across various applications, including wireless communication data capacity enlargement, polarization modulation, and chirality detection.

Mitigating boundary pollution: Evidence from China's environmental protection inspection centers

The efficacy of a vertical environmental protection system in managing transboundary pollution has not been extensively explored. Through a quasi-natural experiment facilitated by China's six environmental protection inspection centers (EPICs), this study assesses their impact on boundary pollution intensity and compares it with their effect on non-boundary pollution intensity. The findings demonstrate that the institution of EPICs significantly mitigates the intensity of boundary pollution, with a more pronounced reduction effect compared to non-boundary areas. Analysis of mechanisms reveals that both boundary and non-boundary enterprises achieve a reduction in pollution intensity through the enlargement of production capacities, enhancement of investments in pollution control, and a decrease in total pollution emissions. Given that boundary enterprises exhibit a greater magnitude in reducing total pollution emissions, the resultant effect on pollution intensity reduction is more significant among these entities. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of EPICs on reducing pollution intensity is more substantial among samples with minimal political connections, elevated political incentives, and within heavily polluting industries, with boundary enterprises experiencing a more pronounced influence. This article unveils that strengthening coordination between central and local authorities, alongside fostering corporate actual investment in environmental protection, serves as pivotal mechanisms, offering innovative strategies for global environmental governance and advancing both the practice and theory of sustainable development.

Water management model of Sei Teras fishpond irrigation area in the Central Kalimantan food estate program

This study aims to apply semi-technical irrigation technology as an intermediate plan before an advanced development of the Sei Teras fishpond Irrigation Area can be established. Results of the previous study show that the availability of saline and freshwater sources enables the Sei Teras fishpond irrigation area to be developed into a semi-intensive advanced cultivation level. This study evaluates an alternative scheme of fresh and saline water management, which enlarges channel capacity and introduces gates. The evaluation compares the alternative schemes of hydraulic and water quality performance against the existing conditions using the HEC-RAS. The boundary conditions for modelling are obtained from measurement and Secondary data of the previous studies. The measured data are salinity, tides, and channel flow velocity. The parameters being compared are the discharge capacity, tidal water level, and salinity. The evaluation points are located at the Primary and Secondary channels. The simulation results show that enlargement of the channel capacity can increase the discharge to 129,22% at the evaluation point, but no significant water level change. Furthermore, the salinity level can maintain the aquaculture requirement by assigning the gates. Therefore, the alternative development scheme of the pond irrigation system is feasible and supports shrimp cultivation.

Wideband E00-E10 Silicon Mode Converter Based on 180 nm CMOS Technology

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) is a promising technology for the capacity enlargement of the optical transmission network. As a key element in the MDM system, the mode converter plays an important role in signal processing. In this work, a wideband E00-E10 silicon mode converter constructed by Y-branch and cascaded multimode interference coupler is demonstrated. The theoretical mode crosstalk is less than –29.2 dB within the wavelength range from 1540 nm to 1600 nm. By 180 nm standard CMOS fabrication, the tested mode conversion efficiency of 91.5% and the crosstalk of −10.3 dB can be obtained at 1575.9 nm. The 3 dB bandwidth is over 60 nm. The proposed E00-E10 silicon mode converter is applicable in mode multiplexing.

Experimental and mechanistic study of mudstone volumetric swelling at the bottom of salt cavern gas storage

Salt cavern gas storage is one of the vital strategic natural gas reserves and emergency peak shaving facilities all over the world. However, rock salt in China is primarily bedded salt, usually composed of many thin salt layers and interlayers (e.g., anhydrite, mudstone, and glauberite). During the water solution mining process of the cavern, the insoluble mudstones fall to the bottom and account for 1/3 up to 2/3 of the storage capacity. The bulk volume of the insoluble mudstones is almost twice its in-suit volume. It is of great urgency to investigate the swelling mechanisms of the bottom insoluble mudstones. Given this, we first analyzed the mineral composition of salt rock and insoluble mudstones by using XRD and SEM methods. Then, experimental studies were carried out considering both clay swelling and physical packing. At last, the zeta potential tests were conducted to reveal the swelling mechanisms of the bottom mudstones. Results show that the volumetric expansion of mudstones is made up of three parts: clay swelling, particle surface bound water volume, and pore space free water volume increase. Because the content of expansive clay in the bottom mudstones is less than 2%, and the high salinity brine in the cavern has excellent clay stability performance, clay swelling is not the main contributor to the volumetric expansion of the bottom mudstones. Measurement results show that the surface of the mudstones is negatively charged after hydration. Electrostatic repulsion can increase the spacing between small rock particles and creates approximately 47.6% of the pore space, which is the main factor in the volumetric expansion of mudstones. This study provides a theoretical basis for the mining solution and capacity enlargement during the construction of bedded salt cavern gas storage in China.

New drivers of industrialization and novel aspects of Hungarian-Chinese bilateral cooperation. Chinese foreign investments in Hungary

A number of foreign, partly East Asian producers have made investments into Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county (Northern Hungary) since the millennium. They have contributed to the renewal of the industrial structure and enlargement of manufacturing capacity. In the past decade, the meaning and significance of Chinese investment in the Miskolc agglomeration has increased. Chinese interests have been concentrated in the dominant, export-oriented branches of the regional economy. The companies (namely, Wanhua-BorsodChem, TenPao, SEG-A, JOYSON, and Chervon Auto) comprise a key and real group of members engaged in Hungarian-Chinese bilateral relations. They represent China’s industrial development and expansion around the world and in Europe, as well as strengthen the high-value-added and technology-intensive market segments in the regional economy. The study includes two main parts. In the early sections, the evolution of Chinese economic development with a special focus on industry and industrialization are introduced, while later the related political measures and initiatives are described. Presenting an understanding of the Hungarian government’s reaction (the so-called New Foreign Economic Strategy) is part of the first half of the paper. The Flying Geese Paradigm is the conceptual frame of the synthesis. The key research question concerns the nature of Chinese economic development: Does the development differ from previous East-Asian models of export-oriented industrialization? The author discusses opinions which consider the Chinese developments to be distinct from other Asianones according to their political and market characteristics. In the second half of the article, the Chinese companies settled in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county are evaluated and their regional-level impacts and national-level lessons are identified and assessed. The listed Chinese investments, which differ in financial and legal forms, have emerged as some of the major employers and producers of the region. These considerable investments have accelerated the process of industrial renewal in key branches, although ultimately increasing the exposure and vulnerability of the entire manufacturing structure to external global factors. The Chinese investors are bridging Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén with diverse regions in China, East Asia. They are generating new results and raising new questions about Hungarian-Chinese bilateral cooperation that represent original experiences and knowledge gain for both sides. This work is an attempt to detail the creation of the cluster of Chinese companies and to draw conclusions about the entrepreneurial background, the main activities, and the stories of the respective Asian parent companies. This research will be continued to support the development and embedding of the enterprises. It is crucial effort, as the latter are not only now present but essential for Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Hungary as well.

Variable Learning‐Memory Behavior from π‐Conjugated Ligand to Ligand‐Containing Cobalt(II) Complex†

Comprehensive SummaryIn the information‐explosion era, developing novel algorithms and memristive devices has become a promising concept for next‐generation capacity enlargement technology. Organic small molecule‐based devices displaying superior learning‐memory performance have attracted much attention, except for the existence of poor heat‐resilience and mediocre conductivity. In this paper, a strategy of transforming an organic‐type data‐storage material to metal complex is proposed to resolve these intrinsic issues. A pristine NDI‐derivative (NIPy) and its corresponding Co(II) complex (CoNIPy) are synthesized for the purpose of electrical property investigation. CoNIPy complex‐based memristive device exhibits superior ternary WORM memory performance compared with the binary behavior of NIPy, including >104 s of reading, lower threshold voltage (Vth), 1: 102: 105 of OFF/ON1/ON2 current ratio, and long‐term stability in heating environment. The variable learning‐memory behavior can be attributed to the enhanced ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) and improved redox activity after the introduction of central metal atom and coordination bond. These studies on material innovation and optimal performance are of great importance not only for environmentally‐robust memristive devices but also for practical application of a host of organic electronic devices.

Overcharge to Remove Cathode Passivation Layer for Reviving Failed Li–O 2 Batteries

Overcharge to Remove Cathode Passivation Layer for Reviving Failed Li–O ₂ Batteries

On the Capacity Enlargement of Gaussian Broadcast Channels With Passive Noisy Feedback

It is well known that the capacity region of an average transmit power constrained Gaussian Broadcast Channel (GBC) with independent noise realizations at the receivers is enlarged by the presence of causal noiseless feedback. When the noise variances at the receivers are identical, even passive feedback via independent memoryless Gaussian links can lead to a capacity region enlargement. The last fact remains true even when the feedback noise variance is very high, and available only from one of the receivers. While such capacity enlargements are feasible for several other feedback models in the Gaussian BC setting, it is also known that feedback does not change the capacity region for physically degraded broadcast channels. In this paper, we consider a two user GBC with independent noise realizations at the receivers, where the feedback links from the receivers are corrupted by independent additive Gaussian noise processes. We investigate the set of four noise variances, two forward and two feedback, for which no capacity enlargement is possible. A sharp characterization of this region is derived, i.e., any quadruple outside the presented region will lead to a capacity enlargement, whereas quadruples inside will leave the capacity region unchanged. Our results lead to the conclusion that when the forward noise variances are different, too noisy a feedback from one of the receivers alone is not always beneficial for enlarging the capacity region, be it from the stronger user or the weaker one, in sharp contrast to the case of equal forward noise variances.

Development and performance of a permanent magnet pulsating separator

To solve the problem of non-magnetic inclusion in concentrates and magnetic inclusion in tailings in the separation process of micro-fine magnetite, a novel permanent magnet pulsating separator (PMPS) was developed, employing the agglomeration mechanism of magnetite particles, and the dispersion mechanism of gangue minerals, whose magnetic poles arranged in a rectangular manner on plates on both sides of a separation chamber, and with alternating strong and weak magnetic fields generated in the separation area by reciprocating the plates. The magnetic field intensity was simulated by Infolytica Magnet software to optimise the parameters of the magnetic system. Laboratory PMPS was used to carry out tests on Sample I with a total iron (TFe) grade of 53.9% and an 89.83% passing size of 0.074 mm, and on Sample II assaying TFe 62.8% with a 75.21% passing size of 0.02 mm, and the operational parameters were optimised. Results indicated that PMPS upgraded Sample I and Sample II correspondingly to TFe 63.5% with a recovery of 87.1%, and to TFe 68.1% with a recovery of 92.0%, suggesting its amenability for the cleaning stage. If required, the separation chambers and magnetic systems of PMPS can be superimposed parallelly in the horizontal direction to allow for flexible enlargement of the processing capacity, characteristics of a simple structure, small occupation area, and large processing capacity.

High yielding ability of a large-grain rice cultivar, Akita 63

To increase the yield potential while limiting the environmental impact of N management practices is an important issue in rice cultivation. The large-grain rice cultivar Akita 63 showed higher N-use efficiency for grain production. To elucidate this, we analyzed yield characteristics of Akita 63 in comparison with those of a maternal cultivar, Oochikara with a large grain, a paternal cultivar, Akita 39 with a normal grain, and a Japanese leading cultivar, Akitakomachi. The yields of Akita 63 were 20% higher than those of Oochikara and Akita 39, and 50% higher than those of Akitakomachi for the same N application. Akita 63 showed superior N uptake capacity. Whereas a trade-off between single grain weight and grain number was found for Oochikara, Akita 63 did not show such a relationship. The success in Akita 63 breeding was due to overcoming such a trade-off. Akita 63 had the large-grain alleles of GS3 and qSW5. Thus, an enlargement of grain size can have a great impact on an increase in yield with improved N-use efficiency. However, an enlargement of sink capacity led to source limitation. Thus, both sink and source improvements are essential for a further increase in the yield of today’s high-yielding cultivars.

Inductive influence of surrounding metal installations on power transfer capacity of HV cable lines with applied cross-bonding

The presented method enables determination of enlargement of power transfer capacity of HV cable lines with applied cross-bonding because of surrounding metal installations. The main problem appears because of the fact that many of surrounding metal installations are situated under the surface of the ground and cannot be visually determined or verified. The method developed here enables compensation of deficiency of all relevant, but unknown data. This has been done by defining the certain field measurement procedure and by developing the corresponding analytical procedure based on the results of these measurements. The performed quantitative analysis shows that the favorable effects of surrounding metal installations on the power transfer capacity of these cable lines are remarkable.

Pathargama Primary Agriculture Credit Co-Operative Society a Case for Intense Study With Respect Transformations Brought by Vaidyanathan Committee Recommendations in PACSs

The present study is related with the impact analysis of Pathargama PACS in Godda district of Jharkhand. The PACS under study has 1812 members out of which 12 persons are in the Board of Directors of the society include 5 women and 1 ST members. Vaidyanathan study team provides financial as well as non-financial assistance to only eligible Societies. Eligibility criteria comprise improvement is management and record keeping, efforts taken to improve recovery performance and aiming at enhance overall efficiency. The concerned committee fulfills the criteria. Hence it was provided assistance of Rs 232000 from the DCCBs Godda which was given fund by NABARD through the Government of Jharkhand. The fund obtained was utilized by the society for legislative reformed brought about in the Bye-Laws by the state government. It provided reduction in government intervention such as voting right to members, limiting supervisory power of the Government and increase in composition of its functions. The Society adhered to the programme of providing and attending training courses organized by the BIRD, DLTs and CAS. Vaidynathan committee also effected technological reforms and attempted to provide Internet facility to the society. In this attempt the society has not been successful till date. Attempts have been taken to improve recovery performance regularity in holding meetings, according larger membership to weaker sections of the society and enlargement of financial capacity and it’s functioning in addition to credit activities.

Lysosomal Fusion: An Efficient Mechanism Increasing Their Sequestration Capacity for Weak Base Drugs without Apparent Lysosomal Biogenesis.

Lysosomal sequestration of anticancer therapeutics lowers their cytotoxic potential, reduces drug availability at target sites, and contributes to cancer resistance. Only recently has it been shown that lysosomal sequestration of weak base drugs induces lysosomal biogenesis mediated by activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) which, in turn, enhances their accumulation capacity, thereby increasing resistance to these drugs. Here, we addressed the question of whether lysosomal biogenesis is the only mechanism that increases lysosomal sequestration capacity. We found that lysosomal sequestration of some tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib (GF) and imatinib (IM), induced expansion of the lysosomal compartment. However, an expression analysis of lysosomal genes, including lysosome-associated membrane proteins 1, 2 (LAMP1, LAMP2), vacuolar ATPase subunit B2 (ATP6V1B2), acid phosphatase (ACP), and galactosidase beta (GLB) controlled by TFEB, did not reveal increased expression. Instead, we found that both studied TKIs, GF and IM, induced lysosomal fusion which was dependent on nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) mediated Ca2+signaling. A theoretical analysis revealed that lysosomal fusion is sufficient to explain the enlargement of lysosomal sequestration capacity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that extracellular TKIs, GF and IM, induced NAADP/Ca2+ mediated lysosomal fusion, leading to enlargement of the lysosomal compartment with significantly increased sequestration capacity for these drugs without apparent lysosomal biogenesis.

Pathargama Primary Agriculture Credit Co – Operative Society, A case for intense study with respect Transformations brought by Vaidyanathan Committee Recommendations in PACSs

The present study is related with the impact analysis of Pathargama PACS in Godda district of Jharkhand. The PACS under study has 1812 members out of which 12 persons are in the Board of Directors of the society include 5 women and 1 ST members. Vaidyanathan study team provides financial as well as non-financial assistance to only eligible Societies. Eligibility criteria comprise improvement is management and record keeping, efforts taken to improve recovery performance and aiming at enhance overall efficiency. The concerned committee fulfils the criteria. Hence it was provided assistance of Rs 232000 from the DCCBs Godda which was given fund by NABARD through the Government of Jharkhand. The fund obtained was utilized by the society for legislative reformed brought about in the Bye-Laws by the state government. It provided reduction in government intervention such as voting right to members, limiting supervisory power of the Government and increase in composition of its functions. The Society adhered to the programme of providing and attending training courses organized by the BIRD, DLTs and CAS. Vaidynathan committee also effected technological reforms and attempted to provide Internet facility to the society. In this attempt the society has not been successful till date. Attempts have been taken to improve recovery performance regularity in holding meetings, according larger membership to weaker sections of the society and enlargement of financial capacity and it’s functioning in addition to credit activities.

Charging Behaviors of Electric Vehicles Based on Charging Necessity Judgment Model: Effects of Base Charging Existence and Battery Capacity Enlargement

Charging Behaviors of Electric Vehicles Based on Charging Necessity Judgment Model: Effects of Base Charging Existence and Battery Capacity Enlargement

Performance Enhancement and Capacity Enlargement for a DWDM-PON System Utilizing an Optimized Cross Seeding Rayleigh Backscattering Design

In this work, a record of 16 channels, with future channel spacing in the telecommunication standardization sector of the International Telecommunications Union G.694.1 (ITU-T G.694.1) for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) (i.e., 12.5 GHz), is simulated and tested. This work is done to realize a proposed high capacity DWDM-Passive Optical Network (DWDM-PON) system. These specifications are associated with enhancing the upstream (US) capacity to 2.5 Gb/s over a 25 km Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) transmission and producing a noteworthy average Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10−12 during the system’s evaluation process. These performance indicators are achieved through design optimization of the cross-seeding Rayleigh Backscattering (RB) elimination technique. This optimization has successfully reduced (compared to the cross-seeding related literature) the simulated DWDM-PON components and maintained an effective Rayleigh Backscattering elimination with the aforementioned system’s performance enhancement and capacity enlargement.

Flam Valley TMF Pond, 40 Years of Activity and Still Going

Flam Valley is a bauxite residue Tailings Management Facility (TMF) valley pond, operating since 1971, located in Romania, just a few meters away from the Danube Delta protected area. Since then, it has been serving Alum Tulcea alumina producing plant through the different stages of its development. Conceived as a frontal tailings dam, Flam Valley is located in a nonpermanent torrential stream in a very sensitive environmental protected area. Up to 2006 tailings slurry with 15-20% solids were pumped by pipeline in the TMF, in accordance with the old technology. After the EU directives enforcement in 2005 the plant had to stop all activity until the whole process was upgraded, consequently the TMF was upgraded with the structural frontal dam being reinforced, water diversions constructed, some areas of the residual storage area were ecologically restored and the deposition became a dry stacking process by tailing placement, thus transforming it into a new TMF and avoiding the consequences that would have derived from the relocation of the TMF. The presented aspects are aimed at generally portraying the evolution, incidents, the tailing dam behavior and prospects of capacity enlargement for Flam Valley TMF.

Approach to better beet washing. Part 2

In 2014 the first part of the “Approach to better beet washing” was published by Spapens-Oerlemans et al. [1]. The enlargement of capacities and the increase of the relative amount of clay-soil received by the Dutch Suiker Unie factories, requires a more effective beet washing. The experiments done since 2009 gave new insights in ‘mechanical’ washing of sugar beet originating from clay-soils. To reach the desired washing result a sufficient ‘mechanical’ washing is required with an additional spray washing step. Since 2013 new understandings about the relevant design parameters and the optimal configuration for spray washing of clay-soil-beet were derived from theoretical studies as well as pilot and factory scale experiments. An additional benefit of spray washing instead of extended mechanical washing is the more gentle treatment and short contact time with wash water, which results in less sugar elution. By implementing the pilot scale based washing curve and analyzing the sugar elution to wash water a technical design of two new beet washing facilities in the Netherlands could be made.

Optical Data Storage and Multicolor Emission Readout on Flexible Films Using Deep‐Trap Persistent Luminescence Materials

AbstractThe fast‐growing amount of data that is produced every year creates an urgent need for ultracapacity storage media. However, 2D spatial resolution in the conventional optical data storage media has almost reached the limit. Further enlargement of storage capacity may rely on the development of the next‐generation data storage materials containing multiplexed information dimensions. Herein, a series of novel deep‐trap persistent luminescence materials (Sr1‐xBax)Si2O2N2:Eu/Yb,Dy with multicolor emissions in the whole visible region is developed and demonstrated a bit‐by‐bit optical data storage and readout strategy based on photon trapping and detrapping processes in these materials. Optical data can be handily encoded on a flexible film by a commercially available 405 nm laser and decoded by heating or by 980 nm laser scanning. The decoded information contains tunable spectral characteristics, which allows for the emission–intensity–multiplexing or emission–wavelength–multiplexing. The storage and readout strategy not only shows a great promise in the application of multidimensional rewritable optical data storage, but also opens new opportunities for advanced display technology and information security system.