Calendar Of Holidays Research Articles

Современная праздничная культура России: сохранение русских традиций, конструирование новых символов и смыслов

The article is devoted to identifying Russian ethnic traditions and symbols that are preserved in the holiday calendar of modern Russia. Most attention is paid to such holidays as Christmas, Epiphany, Russia day and national unity day. Conclusions are made about the preservation, revival and transformation in the public life of a private celebratory customs on semantic convergence of the notions “Russian” and “Orthodox”, established in the public consciousness and social practice new social and political holidays thanks to their chronological overlay on the traditional advent calendar and the activities of cultural institutions due to the needs of the state in strengthening the ideological component of the holidays and strengthening of the unity of the nation. The popularity and mass character of holidays is influenced by the spread of modern forms of communication — television and the Internet with a variety of content and social networks that form a kind of “fashion” in society to follow certain customs. Strengthening consumer psychology and ignoring cultural traditions lead to a functional imbalance in the festive and ceremonial sphere, so it is necessary to take care of the historical and cultural heritage and design new images and meanings.

Historical memory and official holidays in Bulgaria under socialism

The report looks at the development of the official Bulgarian holiday calendar and especially during the years of state socialism. The analysis shows that military victories are not the primary motive in choosing official memorial days. Even the Bulgarian military exploits are not of special honor in forming the official state holiday of new Bulgaria. The festive calendar does not include the victories for the Bulgarians of the Middle Ages, and there are no new military exploits in the twentieth century. During the period of socialism, the holidays of May 1 (International Labor Day) and September 9 (1944), proclaimed as Freedom Day in 1945, became the main focus. Like all other events in the life of the People's Republic, the holiday is used for a purely functional purpose - to unite, to emphasize unity, to reaffirm loyalty to the ruling party and the new ideology, to show confidence in the imminent onset of prosperity and a bright future - communism. Particular attention is paid to substantiating the claim that the Third March was imposed as a national holiday by communist rule in the early 1990s. It is not as suitable for this role as the oldest all-Bulgarian holiday on May 24th. It is because of public holidays, incl. and the only national one so far (March 3) have always been determined by political decisions - until 1944 of the monarch, the National Assembly, and a specially authorized ministry, and after 1944 - predominantly the Council of Ministers or the State Council, rarely at the National Assembly.

Sin León no hubiera España. Historia, religión y propaganda en una ciudad de la Edad Moderna

The aim of this study was to analyse print production in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries in order to elucidate an intentional strategy on the part of the political and religious authorities in the city of Leon aimed at disseminating an idealised vision of its past, in the context of the development of local history in Early Modern Spain. The religious authorities sought to vindicate the antiquity of the Church in Leon by portraying it in the distant times of Roman persecution. Meanwhile, the political authorities aimed to consolidate the idea of Leon as the origin of the Catholic Monarchy, depicting the mediaeval Leon monarchs as responsible for the future glories of the Crown. These images were propagated not only through the medium of print, but also through the annual calendar of religious and civic holidays.

The Shaping of the Calendar of State Holidays and Memorable Dates in PostSoviet Ukraine

The Shaping of the Calendar of State Holidays and Memorable Dates in PostSoviet Ukraine

“Brilliantreflect”: smart mirror for smart life

In this globalization era, smart mirror have been one of the invention to represent futuristic interconnected physical object with several applications. Smart mirror is innovating appliance that incorporates with contextual information which offered the interactive user interface on the surface of a mirror with the use of Raspberry Pi 3. To create this smart mirror the methodology that includes analysis about smart mirror, designing the hardware and software, developing the prototype, implementation and lastly the evaluation phases needs to be take care of. The presentation performed on the mirror will be information such as weather, time and date, holiday calendar, to-do list by mobile synchronization, current traffic of selected area, news feed and compliment as a motivation. Furthermore, our framework also introduces music presentation that use for alarm purpose. In a nutshell, this mirror what we called “Brilliant Reflect” will be convenient to use as it provides various features to the user.

Libraries’ potential for developing readers’ identities (the example of Ufa)

Events held by libraries under the guise of state national policy bear special meaning for the republic of Bashkortostan. Libraries are gradually transforming into centers where one can not only read literature, but also receive complementary services and spend their free time productively. The extent to which this idea is implemented in all of Bashkortostan’s libraries depends on funding. This article attempts to understand the influence of libraries on forming the identities of readers. The central Zeki Velidi Togan National Library, as well as district libraries numbers 23 and 4 served as the object for our research. The design of each of these libraries primarily serves national (Bashkortostani) identity, while possessing certain foreign elements (Ufa, Russian, Soviet, Bashkir). A common trend appears to be the stable abundance of books about Salavat Yulaev – one of the symbols of the republic. Compared to the others, the central library holds considerably more events than any district library. Most events held by the central library are aimed at developing and sustaining Bashkir identity. Bashkir language is used during many gatherings, while the primary audience of thematic evenings is comprised of Bashkirs (there tend to be less Tatars Потенциал библиотек в формировании идентичностей читателей (на примере Уфы) 53 № 4, Том 10, 2019 and Russians present at these events). Ufa, Tatar and religious identities are almost completely absent from the events conducted by the National library. District libraries work in several directions simultaneously: working with troubled youth, moral education, local history, fields such as aesthetics, ecology etc. Evens held by district libraries are more diverse and correlate with the holiday calendar. Both district libraries evaluated provide books in several languages, however, the bulk of those books are written in Russian. Meanwhile books in Bashkir and Tatar are in somewhat less demand, due to their irrelevance (they are mostly read by national language students and teachers, of which there are not too many), and a lack of popular literature written in national languages.

The Complex Holiday Calendar of 1902: Responses to the Coronation of Edward VII and the Growth of Edwardian Event Fatigue.

The coronation of Edward VII and events to mark the end of the South African War led to a series of public ceremonies and events in the United Kingdom that had a profound effect on attitudes linked to national occasions and public holidays. This article explores the circumstances surrounding the numerous local and national holidays of 1902. It considers the decision-making process linked to the declaration of a coronation double-bank holiday, which demonstrated the inadequacy of contemporary legislation. The public response to the postponement of the coronation, due to the king's contraction of appendicitis, led to a period of 'event fatigue' in response to further ceremonial events. This showcased how much the British people guarded their right to holiday time and how the coronation had become more synonymous with celebration than with royal ceremony. It also showcased the degree to which the British people had been politicized and were ready to defend what they saw as their rights, in rejection of deference and traditional authority.

ДОЛЯ ПЕРШОТРАВНЯ В КАЛЕНДАРІ ОФІЦІЙНИХ СВЯТ УКРАЇНИ: СКАСУВАННЯ ЧИ РЕКУЛЬТИВАЦІЯ?

Мета роботи. Дослідження пов’язане з пошуком нових підходів до трактування свята 1 травня як соціокультурного феномена. Обговорюючи доцільність вилучення Першотравня з календаря офіційних свят України, учасники актуальної дискусії не завжди адекватно, в історико-культурному контексті розглядають його світоглядні характеристики, функціональне призначення й культурно-смислову символіку. Методологія дослідження полягає в застосуванні компаративного й історико-логічного методів з використанням елементів соціологічного й естетичного аналізу. Зазначений методологічний підхід дозволяє розширити формат дискусії, розглядати Першотравень не лише в контексті інституту радянських свят, а й в контексті традицій європейської та національної святковості, що знайшли свій яскравий вияв у духовній культурі українського міста. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в поглибленні уявлень про витоки й естетичну природу Першотравня. Висновки. Домінуючим у сьогоденній дискусії є погляд на Першотравень як на рудимент радянської святковості. Розгляд свята під іншим кутом зору – як рекреаційного, що має багатовікову історію, дозволяє осмислити Першотравень як соціокультурний феномен, відкрити нові аспекти його трактування в структурі календаря державних свят України.

Data to Support My Arguments in My Dispute with Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf (Appendix)

This document provides the raw data and calculations supporting results in the main paper. First, I include data on the number of German students on vacations, since this is analysis demonstrates a previously unrecognized error having to do with OS’s download data being mismatched by a week with the student vacation data. The data includes a calendar (from a web page) of holidays for each German state in 2002, and it also provides its own figure showing the share of German students on vacation during the year. I also provide a listing of the number of students (those above 5th grade) in each German state. Next, I provide a table with the raw numbers behind Figure 1a and 1b, as well as the correlations discussed in the material surrounding Figures 1a and 1b. The raw numbers in that Table are then sourced to a copy of a Table from an early version of OS’s 2007 article, and data from the Internet2 website, which takes up many pages, but the relevant numbers are highlighted in orange to make it easier to follow. I should note that the raw data for downloads (from OS) and vacations are on these pages, so the correlations and regressions linking the two can be easily replicated.

Slavic and Kazakh Folklore Calendar: Typological and Ethno-Cultural Parallels

The study of multi-ethnic folk typology in the ethno-cultural region of Kazakhstan is of fundamental importance in the context of ethno-cultural typo- logical parallels identifying the holiday calendar and rituals. The mechanism of folk typology is observed in ritual structures that compare the Slavic and Kazakh folklore calendars. There are typological parallels between all components in different Kazakhstan ethnic group celebrations: texts, rites, rituals, and cults. The Kazakh and Slavic calendar systems have a collective character as func- tional and are passed down from generation to generation. The entire annual cycle of Eurasian festivals is based on the collective existence principle. The Slavic holiday calendar represents a dual faith synthesis of pagan and Christian enti- ties while the Kazakh holiday calendar focuses on the connection of the pagan and Muslim principles. Typologically, similar elements of Slavic and Kazakh holidays include struc- tural relatedness, calendar confinement, similar archetypical rituals, and cer - emonial models. Slavic and Kazakh ethnic and cultural contacts are reflected in the joint celebrations, in interethnic borrowing practices, rituals, games, and in Russian and Kazakh song performances by representatives of different ethnic groups. Field observations of Kazakh folklorists suggest the continuing existence of joint Nauryz and Shrovetide celebration traditions. The folklore situation in Kazakhstan demonstrates both the different stages of closely related culture innovation of the Eastern Slavs and the typological relation- ship and bilateral borrowing through contact with unrelated Turkic ethnic groups. The typological and ethno-cultural parallels as well as positive features of this holiday make it a universal phenomenon important for all members of a social or ethnic group.

Holidays and Celebrations as an Element Organizing the State Symbolic Space – the Case of Poland in the 20th and 21st Centuries

Creating a state’s symbolic space is one of the most important competencies of the authorities. It manifests itself in, inter alia, establishing topographies of memory (organizing sites of memory), erecting monuments, appropriate naming of streets, squares, public institutions and organization of the calendar of holidays. Holidays and celebrations are a great tool for communication between the authorities and the citizens, and one of the basic elements of the historical politics system of a state. The aim of the present study is to show – on the case study of the Polish calendar of public holidays in the 20th and 21st centuries – the mechanisms and tools used by the government to build a proper historical narrative.

A Festive Bricolage: The Holiday Calendar in Slovenia Over the Last Century

Over the last century, and especially after the Second World War, the festive landscape in Slovenia changed radically due to political upheavals and restructuring of the economy and society, and in recent decades due to increasing global integration. This article shows how changes in the public calendar before and after the socialist period are manifest in holidays, reflecting changes under four political systems. These changes have affected not only the official holiday calendar, which usually marks the events that the national community identi- fies itself with. The post-socialist decades have featured a festive bricolage of reinstituted religious holidays, new state holidays, popular cultural celebrations, revived folk or traditional holidays, and traces of socialist holidays. The meaning and relevance of holidays for individuals, groups, and communities is multilayered. The most emphasised and outstanding function of holiday and ritual efficacy 2 is social and symbolic cohesion that crisscrosses religious, politi- cal, territorial, generational, self-delimiting, and other dimensions of social life. Social cohesion is the outcome of the transformation of chaos into order, if one agrees that social life proceeds somewhere between the imaginary extremes of absolute order and absolute chaotic conflict and anarchic improvisation. There is an endless tension between the two, and also a remarkable synchrony. This idea is implicit in Victor Turner's phrase structure and anti-structure. He sees the two as existing in a perpetual dialectic relationship over time (Turner 1969: 112, 203). As Moore and Myerhoff have argued, with such a view of culture and social life in mind, collective ritual can be seen as an especially dramatic attempt to bring some particular part of life firmly and definitely into orderly control. It belongs to the structuring side of the cultural/historical process (Moore & Myerhoff 1977: 3).

Religious holidays, investor distraction, and earnings announcement effects

We examine price reactions to U.S. firms’ earnings announcements during Easter week in order to analyze whether and how the religious holiday calendar impacts investors’ information processing. We find that there is an asymmetric pattern of immediate and delayed responses to earnings surprises experienced during Easter, entailing similar immediate reactions to both good and bad news and a stronger delayed response to bad news. Moreover, local religious characteristics affect investor’s response to firm news. The results are consistent with a religion-induced distraction effect on investors’ information processing ability. We also show that this effect can form the basis for a profitable trading strategy. The findings highlight the importance of religion for firms’ information environment and for the local component of stock prices.

Modern Holiday Calendar of the Russians

Holiday is an indispensable condition for social existence of mankind, who have a unique ability to embrace in their lives other people’s joy and cultural experiences of previous generations. Numerous forms of festivities, which are a necessary component of social life of mankind, are one of the manifestations of its social force. Out of a great variety of holidays the article dwells on the most popular much loved Russian festivities, existing in Russia at the beginning of ХХI century. It should be noted that the author adheres to the names and classifications of holidays existing in ethnography and conditionally divides into two groups: 1. civil holidays, among which attention is devoted to public, professional, literary and folk holidays, and 2. orthodox and calendar holidays.
 

Prolonged Holiday Effects on Romanian Capital Market before and After the Adhesion to EU

The adhesion to the European Union represented a turning point for the Romanian capital market. Before the adhesion Bucharest Stock Exchange experienced a relatively quiet period which lasted for many years. Instead, after Romania had became member of the European Union the capital market experienced a turbulent period. After the months of optimism induced by the adhesion, Bucharest Stock Exchange was affected by the crisis from the international financial markets and the share prices dropped dramatically. In these circumstances investors’ behaviors changed affecting the seasonality of shares prices. In this paper we investigate the changes occurred for three types of seasonality which are included in the category of prolonged holiday calendar anomalies: Halloween Effect, Gone Fishin’ Effect and School out Effect. We employ daily values of five indexes from Bucharest Stock Exchange. We find that all of them were presented on the Bucharest Stock Exchange before the adhesion, but for some indexes the results indicate reversed forms of prolonged holiday effects. After the adhesion, the Gone Fishin’ Effect and the School out Effect disappeared while the Halloween Effect decreased in intensity. We conclude that turbulent times are not favorable for these calendar anomalies.

Celebrations, Commemorative Dates and Related Rituals: Soviet Experience, its Transformation and Contemporary Victory Day Celebrations in Russia and Latvia

The list of state and professional celebrations and dates when the military is celebrated and commemorated in the Russian Federation is quite long, with more than 100 events in all. Their historical origins differ. There are celebrations that were established during the Soviet era, while others even date back to the Russian Empire. There are days when the Soviet Union’s military achievements and units are celebrated. There is a day to commemorate the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, and there are a few dates for grief and commemoration of the war dead. Russia’s official calendar of national holidays lists eight celebrations – the New Year (January 1-5), Orthodox Christmas (January 7), Defence of the Fatherland Day (February 23), International Women’s Day (March 8), Labour or Spring Day (May 1), Victory Day (May 9), Russian Day (June 12), and National Unity Day (November 4). The status of a date of commemoration has been given to Student Day (January 25) and Cosmonautics Day (April 12). Commemorative days include the day when the Great War of the Fatherland Began in 1941 (June 22), a date to commemorate partisans and underground activists (June 29), a date related to solidarity in the struggle against terrorism (September 3), the date of the October Revolution in 1917 (November 7), a date to commemorate the heroes of the fatherland (December 9), and Constitution Day for the Russian Federation (December 12). The list of celebrations and commemorative days, moreover, is adjusted from time to time. In April 2009, for instance, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a law which placed the day when partisans and underground activists are commemorated on the official list of commemorative days, starting in 2010.Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia, like other former Soviet republics, has undergone a substantial transformation in its calendar of commemoration, the related rituals and the meanings thereof. The purpose of this chapter is to review celebrations, dates of commemoration and related rituals in Russia, both from the historical perspective and from their meaning today. The goal of this chapter is to review Russian government policies vis-a-vis national holidays and commemorations, as well as the effects these policies have on Latvia.

From Indifference to Obsession: The Role of National State Celebrations in Iraq, 1921–2003

Rulers and elites have invented rituals and commemorations in order to serve their interests—to legitimize their hegemony as well as to maintain the existing social and political order. This process is most salient in the new modern states, whose national identity and collective memory are at an early stage of construction. This article analyses Iraq's state celebrations in the context of its state formation and nation-building processes. Before the US occupation in April 2003, Iraq had been governed by four regimes: the monarchy (1921–1958), ‘Abd al-Karim Qassem (1958–1963), the ‘Arif Brothers (1963–1968), and the Ba‘th (1968–2003). This article shows how successive Iraqi regimes moved from indifference to obsession with regard to celebrating national holidays. It advances three major arguments. First, each regime attempted to de-legitimize its predecessor by erasing or significantly changing its national calendar of holidays. These changes adversely affected the ability of the Iraqi polity to establish a shared historical memory serving as a basis for its national identity. Second, though a modern invention of British colonialism, Iraq's cultural artefacts of celebrations were taken from a mixed reservoir: foreign—both Western European and Eastern European—and local or ‘traditional’, either Islamic or pre-Islamic. The end result of the use of this wide symbolic market was a calendar reflecting a hybrid political culture. Third, the Iraqi case study shows that an inverse correlation exists between the calendar's density and the regime's perceived legitimacy. It seems that a ‘thick’ calendar reflects a shortage of legitimacy while a ‘thin’ calendar reflects a more secure and legitimized regime.

Еженедельные Праздники, Дни Господские И Царские: Время Отдыха Российского Горожанина Второй Половины XIX – Начала XX вв.

SUMMARY: This article examines the history of the Russian holiday calendar from the imperial post-reform era to the early Soviet period. Svetlana Malycheva argues that contrary to the western European practice of negotiations between employers and their employees and strong traditions of urban culture, in the Russian Empire the major impetus toward modernization and universalization of the holiday calendar came from the top. Many different groups of the urban population responded to state attempts to universalize the official holiday calendar by lobbying for their confessional and social interests and, at the same time, by reforming traditional confessional and local patterns of rest to make them fit into a common empire-wide system of holidays. The official imperial holiday calendar was based on the Orthodox calendar and dynastic universalism. At the same time, it never became mandatory for all subjects of the Empire and dynamics of universalizing versus particularistic tendencies remained central in the process of reforming imperial urban life. In the late nineteenth century, the city itself became an important locus of horizontal dialogue between different groups of urban dwellers about their calendars of holidays and rest. The first part of the article deals with government laws regulating holiday calendars of the imperial subjects. The second part is a case-study of a region in central Russia. The author investigates negotiations of different groups of the urban population with government officials about their rights to observe local and religious holidays and days of rest. In conclusion, the author shows that the imperial dynamics of universalism and particularism survived into the early Soviet period and were reconsidered only in the early 1930s in the course of the anti-religious campaign.

Collective Memory and Abortive Commemoration: Presidents’ Day and the American Holiday Calendar

Nature as Ernst conceived it yields nothing with out ceremony. The national holiday is one of ceremony’s vessels. Holidays are times set aside by custom or law to commemorate great events and their menor gods. They recur weekly, as in Sabbath observance, or, in the case of national life, annually, as in the celebration of the Fourth of July. In either case, holidays are “seedbeds of virtue” (Etzioni, 2001) that oppose the natural tendency to forget the past. The opening chapters of Deuteronomy provide the best examples. Moses has led his people to the Promised Land, but before they go to possess it he gives them a series of warnings. He knows that his people will soon live in a new world: cities, houses, vineyards, and olive groves in whose m aking they had no part.

O calendário republicano e a festa cívica do descobrimento do Brasil em 1890: versões de história e militância positivista

O texto aborda como os membros da Igreja Positivista do Brasil - IPB -, e alguns políticos aliados, se envolveram na proposição do Decreto 155-B de 14 de janeiro de 1890, que estabeleceu o calendário republicano de feriados oficiais, e como se empenharam para consolidá-lo na cultura política da Primeira República. Exemplifica-se tal movimento por meio da análise da festa de 3 de maio de 1890, decretada como o feriado em celebração do descobrimento do Brasil.