Butyl Acrylate Research Articles

UV irradiation grafting of butyl acrylate on polyimide membrane for enhanced lubricant solvent recovery

UV irradiation grafting of butyl acrylate on polyimide membrane for enhanced lubricant solvent recovery

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Properties of Highly Flexible Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/PEDOT:PSS Films Fabricated by Latex Technology.

As the use of stretchable electronic devices increases, the importance of flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films is emerging. In this study, a highly flexible shielding film was fabricated using poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) (p(St-co-BA)) latex as a matrix and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a conductive filler, and then the mechanical properties and EMI shielding performance of the film were examined. Styrene and butyl acrylate were copolymerized to lower the high glass transition temperature and increase the ductility of brittle polystyrene. The latex blending technique was used to produce a shielding film in which the aqueous filler dispersion was uniformly dispersed in the emulsion polymerized resin. To determine the phase change in the copolymer matrix with temperature, the storage modulus was measured, and a time-temperature superposition master curve was constructed. The drying temperature of water-based copolymer resin suitable for film fabrication was set based on this curve. The glass transition temperature and flexibility of the blends were determined by evaluating the thermomechanical analysis and tensile tests. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the films was analyzed at frequencies from 50 MHz to 1.5 GHz, covering the VHF and UHF ranges. As the filler content increased, the SE of the blend film increased, but the elongation increased until a certain content and then decreased. The optimal content of PEDOT:PSS that satisfied both the ductility and shielding performance of the film was found to be 10 wt%. In this case, the elongation at break reached 300%, and the SE of a 1.6 mm thick film was about 35 dB. The film developed in this study can be used as an EMI shielding material that requires high flexibility.

Novel crosslinked gum tragacanth electrolyte with enhanced thermal, mechanical and water resistive properties

Although electrolytes prepared from natural substances have taken up research towards a greener future, practical difficulties in their mechanical and water resistive properties are yet to be addressed by many. In this current paper, a natural gum tragacanth is graft copolymerized with tertiary butyl acrylate utilising glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker and ascorbic acid and potassium persulfate as the initiators. From the TGA analysis, enhanced thermal stability is observed in the crosslinked membrane. The DSC analysis reveals that the crosslinked gum exhibits a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 66 °C and a melting temperature (Tm) of 86 °C. The water uptake of the crosslinked membrane was found to be lower than the pure non-crosslinked membrane. The stress-strain curves of the crosslinked electrolyte showed a tensile strength of 3.58Mpa and a percent elongation of 302%. The effect of the crosslinker glutaraldehyde and the ionic salt lithium nitrate is studied with the help of XRD and FTIR. The electrolyte is characterised to be a good ionic conductive membrane as its conductivity value is found to be 4.72 ×10−4 Scm−1 through EIS measurements. The Arrhenius behaviour of temperature-dependent conductivity was studied and the activation energy values for all the films were calculated.

Magnetic Hyperporous Elastic Material with Excellent Fatigue Resistance and Oil Retention for Oil-Water Separation.

Oily wastewater has caused serious threats to the environment; thus, high-performance absorbing materials for effective oil-water separation technology have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we develop a magnetic, hydrophobic, and lipophilic hyperporous elastic material (HEM) templated by high internal phase emulsions (HIPE), in which free-radical polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) is employed in the presence of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), lecithin surfactant, and modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adoption of the emulsion template with nanoparticles as both stabilizers and cross-linkers endows the HEM with biomimetic hierarchical open-cell micropores and elastic cross-linked networks, generating an oil absorbent with outstanding mechanical stability. Compressive fatigue resistance of the HEM is demonstrated to endure 2000 mechanical cycles without plastic deformation or strength degradation. By exploiting the synergistic effect of hierarchical structures and low-surface-energy components, the resulting HEM also possesses excellent and robust hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 164°) and good oil absorption capacity, in which Fe3O4 nanoparticles lead to convenient magnetically controlled oil recyclability as well. Notably, the unique biomimetic microporous structure demonstrates superior oil retention capacity (>95% at 1000 rpm and >60% at 10,000 rpm) over the state-of-the-art porous materials for a diverse variety of oils to reduce the risk of secondary oil leakage, along with good recoverability by squeezing owing to the excellent compression resilience. These excellent performances of our HEM provide broad prospects for practical applications in oil-water separation, energy conversion, and smart soft robotics.

Modified Bitumen Materials from Kazakhstani Oilfield

The oil bitumen BND 90/130, produced at the “LLP SP Caspi Bitum” with the modifier, which consists of copolymer of ethylene with butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate taken in an amount of 0.5–1.6 wt%, and the tire reclaim (4–20 wt%), which is the destructate of mesh elastomers of different chemical nature, was modified; possibility of using the developed bitumen-elastomer binders in road asphalt concrete was justified. Modification of bitumen with a copolymer of ethylene with butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate leads to an improvement in the properties of road bitumen: the softening point, hardness, deformability at low temperatures, elasticity, and adhesion to metal and mineral filler increase. It was shown that ethylene with butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate chemically interacts with the functional groups of bitumen asphaltenes through the epoxy group of glycidyl methacrylate. Analysis of the spectra and group composition indicates an increased content of high molecular weight asphaltenes in the modified bitumen with a slight increase in structuring resins. It has been established that bitumen modified with rubber crumbs of 0.6–1.0 mm in size has high elasticity. The most effective composition of a bitumen-regenerated composite material based on tire reclaim has been determined. In terms of the totality of physicochemical and operational characteristics and comparative cost, the most acceptable is the bitumen-regenerated composition (with a regenerate content of 20%) and is superior in the complex of properties to bitumen modified with an optimal content of ethylene with butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (1.6%). The technology for modifying bitumen with tire reclaim is less time-consuming, more economically profitable, and environmentally effective, since it utilizes large-tonnage waste of worn-out tires. The resulting bitumen-polymer compositions have a high positive set of properties: softening point, hardness, elasticity, frost resistance, and low-temperature characteristics.

Preparation and properties of azobenzene liquid crystal networks with stable and reversible deformation, self-healing characteristics

Photo-responsive liquid crystal networks (LCNs) can respond to optical stimuli and show significant macroscopic reversible deformation, which is promising for applications in flexible actuators, artificial muscles, and other fields. To date, most of the photo-responsive LCNs have been constructed using azobenzene as photo-responsive group. However, how to prepare azobenzene-LCNs (azo-LCNs) with stable deformation remains a challenge. In this article, we provide a new strategy for preparing azo-LCNs with stable and reversible deformation. We copolymerize azobenzene monomer M6AZ1, commercially butyl acrylate monomer BA, and dynamic covalent cross-linker monomer M6HABI to obtain azo-LCNs. When irradiated with 365 nm light, the uniaxially oriented LCNs fibers undergo bending towards light attributed to the photo-isomerization of azobenzene, and the bending angle increases with azobenzene component content in LCNs. With the highly reversible process of dynamic C–N bonds dissociation-reconjugation, the rearrangement and regeneration of covalent crosslinked network can be realized. Hence, the newly formed cross-linked network locks the deformation of azo-LCNs, and this deformation can be maintained for more than 90 days. When heated, the deformation can return to the original state. In addition, the azo-LCNs also exhibit self-healing and reprocessing properties.

Interfacial and ion-pairing catalysis for oxygen-tolerant large-scale ATRP in ab initio emulsion

A cooperative interfacial and ion-pairing catalysis, coupled with a molecular oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), to scale up an Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of n-butyl acrylate (BA) from 20 mL to 10 L (scale-up factor = 500) in ab initio emulsion conditions is introduced. The polymerization is driven by the regeneration of [CuIL]+ through CuII/Cu0 comproportionation. [CuIL]+ simultaneously converts O2 to H2O2 (which is then degraded by sodium pyruvate) and drives the polymerization of butyl acrylate. The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) facilitates catalyst transport inside and outside the micelles by ion-pairing catalysis. n-Butyl acrylate polymerizations are investigated on a small scale with Cu0 wire and on a larger scale with Cu0 powder. On a 10 L scale, the polymerization yielded controlled PBA-Br (Mn = 32.3 × 103; Ð = 1.39, ∼1.64 kg) after 9 h. Chain extension of PBA-Br macroinitiators proved their livingness. An on-line electrochemical monitoring was also introduced to determine the instantaneous CuI and CuII concentrations at the Cu0 wire surface during the polymerization.

Effect of Block Copolymer Self-Assembly on Phase Separation in Photopolymerizable Epoxy Blends.

Directing self-assembly of photopolymerizable systems is advantageous for controlling polymer nanostructure and material properties, but developing techniques for inducing ordered structure remains challenging. In this work, well-defined diblock or random copolymers were incorporated into cationic photopolymerizable epoxy systems to investigate the impact of copolymer architecture on self-assembly and phase separated nanostructures. Copolymers consisting of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)-x-(butyl acrylate) were prepared using photoiniferter polymerization to control functional group placement and molecular weight/polydispersity. Prepolymer configuration and concentration induced distinctly different effects on the resin flow and photopolymerization kinetics. The diblock copolymer self-assembled into nanostructured phases within the resin matrix, whereas the random copolymer formed an isotropic mixture. Rapid photopolymerization and ambient temperature conditions during cure facilitated retention of the self-assembled phases, leading to considerably different composite morphology and thermomechanical behavior. Increased loading of the diblock copolymer induced long-range ordered cocontinuous structures. Even with nearly identical prepolymer composition, controlled nanophase separation resulted in significantly enhanced tensile properties relative to those of the isotropic system. This work demonstrates that controlling phase separation with a block copolymer architecture allows access to nanostructured photopolymers with unique and enhanced properties.

Bulk Free Radical Terpolymerization of Butyl Acrylate, 2-Methylene-1,3-Dioxepane and Vinyl Acetate: Terpolymer Reactivity Ratio Estimation.

This investigation introduces the first estimation of ternary reactivity ratios for a butyl acrylate (BA), 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO), and vinyl acetate (VAc) system at 50 °C, with an aim to develop biodegradable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). In this study, we applied the error-in-variables model (EVM) to estimate reactivity ratios. The ternary reactivity ratios were found to be r12 = 0.417, r21 = 0.071, r13 = 4.459, r31 = 0.198, r23 = 0.260, and r32 = 55.339 (BA/MDO/VAc 1/2/3), contrasting with their binary counterparts, which are significantly different, indicating the critical need for ternary system analysis to accurately model multicomponent polymerization systems. Through the application of a recast Alfrey-Goldfinger model, this investigation predicts the terpolymer's instantaneous and cumulative compositions at various conversion levels, based on the ternary reactivity ratios. These predictions not only provide crucial insights into the incorporation of MDO across different initial feed compositions but also offer estimates of the final terpolymer compositions and distributions, underscoring their potential in designing compostable or degradable polymers.

Enhanced antifouling performance with a synergistic effect of self-renewal antifouling and contact bacteriostasis via the ionic exchange

It is extremely difficult for traditional coatings for antifouling constructed around a single antifouling strategy to adapting to the demands of complex marine environment. Herein, a poly-ionic liquid-based germicidal polyacrylate-3 coating (AFC-3) was prepared via free radical photo-copolymerization using isooctyl acrylate (2-EHA), butyl acrylate (BA) and ionic liquid monomer (IL-PF6) as monomers. Besides the contact bacteriostasis mechanisms, the introduction of IL-PF6 achieved the switch between self-renewal and hydrophilic surface by the exchange of PF6− and Cl− in artificial seawater. Regarding E. coli and S. aureus, the AFC-3 coating showed anti-bacterial efficiency of 100 % and 99.96 %, respectively. Moreover, with the continuous ionic exchange between PF6− and Cl−, the angle towards the water contact (WAC) of the coating became 11.356 °C, contributing to the enhancement of anti-protein property on the surface of the coating. The AFC-3 coating thus exhibited significantly effective antifouling performances, and is a highly promising coating for a broader range of marine anti-fouling and biomedical materials. Besides, the transmittance of the coating was above 92 % between 400 and 800 cm−1, conferring it great potentials for applications on the surface of optical devices like underwater cameras.

Photo‐induced organo‐manganese‐mediated radical polymerization of acrylates under LED irradiation

The role of manganese in photo‐induced organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (photo‐OMRP) under LED (light‐emitting diode) irradiation has not been previously explored. In this study, four manganese (II) complexes, namely [Mn(6‐tert‐butyl‐N,N′‐propanebis [salicylimine])] (Mn‐Bu), [Mn(6,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N,N′‐propanebis [salicylimine])] (Mn‐Bu2), [Mn(6‐ethoxy‐N,N′‐propanebis [salicylimine])] (Mn‐Ethoxy), and [Mn(6,3‐di‐ethoxy‐N,N′‐propanebis [salicylimine])] (Mn‐Ethoxy2), were synthesized using both symmetrical and non‐symmetrical tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base ligands. The Schiff base ligands were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The Mn (II) complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and rationalized with density functional theory (DFT) studies. All complexes were evaluated as photo‐OMRP mediators under LED irradiation at 390 nm and in the 400–800 nm range. The photopolymerization utilized methyl acrylate (MA) and diphenyl(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) in varying molar ratios of [MA]/[MnII]/[TPO] (900/1/1, 600/1/1, and 600/1/0.5). The photo‐OMRP of MA mediated by Mn‐Bu2 showed the best control over molecular weight (Mn matching Mn,th) and dispersity (Ð < 1.30) at a [MA]/[MnII]/[TPO] = 600/1/0.5 M ratio. The polymerization system demonstrated a living character, as evidenced by reversible “on/off” light source switching. Furthermore, a block copolymer of poly (methyl acrylate)‐b‐poly (butyl acrylate) was successfully synthesized employing a sequential visible‐light‐induced process, with the Mn‐Bu2 system showing the best results.

Formation of polymers in the presence of dispersed mineral phase

The adsorption of oligomeric peroxide of sebacic acid on aerosols was studied. The parameters of the adsorption process were found. The effect of aerosil on the polymerization of styrene (ST), methyl acrylate (MA), butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) was studied. The initiators used were oligomeric sebacic acid peroxide (OPSA), benzoyl peroxide (BP), lauryl peroxide (PL) and didecanoyl diperoxy adipinate (DP). The mineral filler increases the polymerization rate of MMA, BMA, MA, BA initiated by OPSA. Under the same conditions, the polymerization rate of ST decreases with an increase in the aerosil content in the polymerization system. BP practically does not affect the polymerization rate of vinyl monomers in the presence of aerosil. The reaction of thermal decomposition of OPSA, DP, PL and BP in styrene in the presence of aerosol was studied. An increase in the content of aerosil leads to an increase in the effective decomposition constant of OPSA, DP, PL. in the case of BP, aerosil has practically no effect on the decomposition rate.

Composite polymer electrolyte with vertically aligned garnet scaffolds for quasi solid-state lithium batteries

Structure design is of great importance for composite solid electrolytes to meet the high requirements for lithium batteries today. Herein, a novel composite polymer electrolyte with vertically aligned fast ion pathways has been constructed through the in-situ UV-induced polymerization of poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA) based gel polymer electrolyte inside the honeycomb-structure Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5012 (LLZTO) scaffolds by freeze casting. The addition of LLZTO enhances the anion adsorption through the Lewis-acid sites of the La ions and reduces the Li+ complexation by participating in the interaction of CO⋯Li+. Therefore, the interface of PBA and LLZTO scaffold serves as a continuous Li+ transport pathway and the resulting composite solid electrolyte exhibits a high ionic conductivity (5.098×10−4 S cm−1), near single-ion conducting characteristic (a transference number of 0.8) and high electrochemical stability window (5.15 V). Based on the above superior performance, the composite electrolyte promotes uniform distribution of lithium ion concentration and electrolyte potential. Thus, quasi-solid-state LiFePO4/Li cells exhibit excellent cycling performance (capacity retention of 91.7 % after 300 cycles at 0.5 C).

In situ polymerization design of a quasi-solid electrolyte enhanced by NMP additive for lithium metal batteries

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are considered one promising candidate for lithium metal batteries due to their high flexibility, low cost, and roll-to-roll scalability. However, conventional SPEs prepared via ex situ methods are confronted with challenges such as poor contact and high resistance at the electrode|SPE interface, as well as low ionic conductivity at room temperature. In this study, we developed a quasi-solid electrolyte (QSE) using an in situ polymerization approach, employing butyl acrylate as the monomer and incorporating NMP as an additive. Spectroscopic investigations and DFT calculations revealed that NMP tends to form an overleaf-structured [Li(NMP)3][TFSI] complex with LiTFSI, promoting lithium salt dissociation. Owing to this advantage, the QSE exhibits high room-temperature ionic conductivity (6.94 × 10−4 S cm−1) and an extensive electrochemical stability window (5.01 V vs. Li+/Li). Furthermore, the in situ polymerization method facilitates full contact at the interface, enhancing the interfacial stability and reducing the interface resistance, thus resulting in stable cycling of Li|Built-in QSE|Li symmetric cell for 1100 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. The assembled LiFePO4|Built-in QSE|Li cell also demonstrates excellent rate and long-term cycling performance. Our findings offer valuable insights into the interaction between organic additives and lithium salts and present a novel strategy for the development of polymer electrolytes.

Gamma radiation-induced grafting of poly(butyl acrylate) onto ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer for improved crude oil flowability

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers are widely employed as pour point depressants to enhance the flow properties of crude oil. However, EVA copolymers have limitations that necessitate their development. This work investigated the modification of EVA via gamma radiation-induced grafting of butyl acrylate (BuA) monomers and the evaluation of grafted EVA as a pour point depressant for crude oil. The successful grafting of poly(butyl acrylate) p(BuA) onto EVA was verified through grafting parameters, FTIR spectroscopy, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Treating crude oil with 3000 ppm of (EVA)0kGy, (EVA)50kGy, and (1EVA:3BuA)50kGy yielded substantial reductions in pour point of 24, 21, and 21 °C, respectively. Also, rheological characterization demonstrated improving evidenced by a viscosity reduction of 76.20%, 67.70%, and 71.94% at 25 °C, and 83.16%, 74.98%, and 81.53% at 12 °C. At low dosages of 1000 ppm, the EVA-g-p(BuA) exhibited superior pour point reductions compared to unmodified EVA, highlighting the benefit of incorporating p(BuA) side chains. The grafted EVA copolymers with p(BuA) side chains showed excellent potential as crude oil flow improvers by promoting more effective adsorption and co-crystallization with paraffin wax molecules.

Impact of the functionalized clay nanofillers on the properties of the recycled polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐clay systems, leverage intricate interactions between components to fine‐tune their thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties. In our study, we functionalized montmorillonite clay nanofillers (CloisiteNa+) to fabricate recycled PET‐clay nanocomposites. The nanofillers underwent a three‐step functionalization process, involving the treatment with (3‐Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), the grafting of initiating coatings (multifunctional peroxide initiator, [MPI]) onto clay/APTES, and the subsequent fabrication of grafted brushes using poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) or poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA). The functionalization process and the properties of the modified clay were successfully confirmed through Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The fabrication of nanocomposites, incorporating both clay and functionalized clay, influenced the thermal behavior of the composites, whereas the nanofillers had no discernible impact on the flow temperature. The PET and nanocomposites exhibited liquid viscoelastic behavior, with the exception of PET with clay, which displayed shear‐thinning and “rubber‐like” behavior. Rheological curves and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated improved dispersion and compatibility for clay/APTES and clay functionalized with PBA‐grafted brushes within the PET matrix. In some instances, the utilization of functionalized clay resulted in enhanced compatibility and customized properties in PET‐organoclay nanocomposites compared with conventional fillers. These findings bear implications for a broad spectrum of applications involving PET‐organoclay nanocomposites.

Crosslinkable latex-based acrylic adhesives containing functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (fCNCs)

In this study, crosslinkable acrylic adhesives with functionalized cellulose nanocrystal (fCNCs) were prepared via in situ emulsion polymerization at 80 °C for 3h. The neat acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) without any nanoparticles were prepared using butyl acrylate (BA), 65 wt%, and methyl methacrylate (MMA), 35 wt%, and various amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 1, 3, 5, 7 wt% based on total BA and MMA monomers. For preparing fCNCs reinforced adhesives, the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were functionalized using various concentrations of 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MPS), 5, 20, 40 mM. The cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (fCNCs), and the prepared adhesives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Adhesion performance of the adhesives was evaluated by lap shear and 180° peel tests. The results showed that increasing the HEMA content as crosslinking agent in the adhesive structure, enhanced its gel content, glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability, and adhesive performance, i.e. lap shear and peel strength. Finally, the adhesive containing 5 wt% HEMA was selected as the appropriate sample. Thereafter, the adhesives containing 5 wt% HEMA were synthesized in the presence of various amounts of fCNCs, i.e. 0.5, 1, 1.5 wt%. The Adhesion performance of the neat and reinforced adhesives indicated that increasing the fCNCs to the adhesive enhanced thermal stability, gel content, lap shear and peel strength. Additionally, the fCNCs prepared using higher concentration of MPS (40 mM) was more effective on the adhesion performance than the fCNCs prepared with the lower MPS contents, 5, 20 mM. The results showed that the adhesives prepared using 1 wt% and 1.5 wt% of fCNC40 (containing 40 mM MPS) exhibited better adhesion performance.

Fluorine-Containing Ionogels with Stretchable, Solvent-Resistant, Wide Temperature Tolerance, and Transparent Properties for Ionic Conductors.

Stretchable ionogels, as soft ion-conducting materials, have generated significant interest. However, the integration of multiple functions into a single ionogel, including temperature tolerance, self-adhesiveness, and stability in diverse environments, remains a challenge. In this study, a new class of fluorine-containing ionogels was synthesized through photo-initiated copolymerization of fluorinated hexafluorobutyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate in a fluorinated ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. The resulting ionogels demonstrate good stretchability with a fracture strain of ~1300%. Owing to the advantages of the fluorinated network and the ionic liquid, the ionogels show excellent stability in air and vacuum, as well as in various solvent media such as water, sodium chloride solution, and hexane. Additionally, the ionogels display impressive wide temperature tolerance, functioning effectively within a wide temperature range from -60 to 350 °C. Moreover, due to their adhesive properties, the ionogels can be easily attached to various substrates, including plastic, rubber, steel, and glass. Sensors made of these ionogels reliably respond to repetitive tensile-release motion and finger bending in both air and underwater. These findings suggest that the developed ionogels hold great promise for application in wearable devices.

Preparation and anticorrosion performance of graphene composited waterborne coatings

Waterborne coatings are safe and environmentally friendly and widely used in automobile, construction and other fields. The low hardness of films formed by water-based anticorrosion coatings and their poor anticorrosion effect can be resulted from the addition of hydrophilic substances, which make it easy for water penetration. In this experiment, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and acrylic acid (AA) were used as the polymerization monomers to enhance the hardness, adhesion, and film-forming properties of the coatings by introducing the epoxy bond of GMA in the synthesis. The appropriate formula ratios for the waterborne coatings were determined by conditioning the content of wetting agent, thickener, levelling agent, defoamer, and modified acrylic-based resin. Based on this formula, suitable additive ratios of graphene were determined by condition experiments. When the addition ratio of graphene was 0.6wt% - 0.8wt%, the obtained coatings exhibited satisfactory hardness, film-forming properties, strong adhesion and anticorrosive properties. The results of salt spray tests and potentiodynamic polarization experiments verified that graphene in a certain proportion can effectively block the penetration of water, so that the coating presented excellent properties.

Magnetic Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimer for the Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Nitrophenols from Environmental Water Samples.

A fast and simple dispersive solid phase extraction method is described for nitrophenols determination in water samples by using gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorous detector. Firstly, the Poly(amidoamine) grafted Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized in different generations by successive addition of butyl acrylate and ethylenediamine. After characterization, the prepared dendrimer was utilized as an adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenol to benefit large number of surface amine interaction sites. The effects of the different parameters influencing the sample preparation efficiency were investigated. The proposed method showed linearity in the ranges of 0.04-700 and 0.05-700µg/dm3 for nitrophenols. The obtained limits of detection and quantification under optimized conditions were 0.01-0.02 and 0.04-0.05µg/dm3, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) were less than 3.8% (at 10µg/dm3). Moreover, the calculated enrichment factors were above 200. In addition, the relative recoveries for a spiked river water sample were satisfactory.