Business Trips Research Articles

Best practices in greening transportation at Wageningen University & Research

Key words for the sustainable mobility policy of Wageningen University & Research (WUR) are: safe, healthy, sustainable, accessible, emission reduction and future-focused. WUR mobility policy has three key elements, in the following order of importance: 1) less travel, 2) transition to sustainable modes of transport, and 3) efficient, clean transport. The objective is to further decrease our annual carbon emissions by at least 2%. WUR’s long-term mobility policy is outlined in the Mobility Plan 2030. Measures are focused on encouraging cycling and use of public transport, and discouraging use of fossil fuels for business travel and commuting. Alternatives to air travel and sustainable transport options are facilitated. Examples of promoting sustainable transport are offering e-bike test drives for employees and the introduction of an app for business trips with electric cars, bicycles and public transport. A stricter policy on business travel by train within Europe was implemented, with a Travel Check for staff to find alternatives for air travel. In addition, due to the corona pandemic, WUR drew up a policy on remote working and aims to maximise sustainability benefits of remote work.Keyword: Sustainable transport, sustainable mobility, low-emission vehicles, remote working

RELOCATION: ESSENCE, TYPES AND PROBLEMS

The article examines the concept of “relocation” and classifies the types of relocation according to the relevant characteristics. The peculiarities of each type of relocation, in particular the movement of a person – community – employee – enterprise, have been studied in detail. Business relocation for domestic economic entities has recently been of highly relevance, and practical experience of capacity relocation is practically non-existent. However, the conditions in which we all found ourselves forced us to make quick decisions in an almost unpredictable environment: to provide displaced people with work and to “save” production facilities. The advantages of relocation for both employees and enterprises are outlined. The transfer of a person may take place in order to find a new, better job, or the transfer of individual employees to a branch, department of the company located in another place in order to improve their functioning, or within the scope of the employee’s career growth. We note that the key point in business relocation will be the relocation and adaptation of employees, while regardless of the type of relocation, it is necessary to harmonize the interests and balance the needs of the employer and the employee. For example, if possible, offer short-term business trips; flexible work schedule, or work at home – remotely to avoid long business trips; weekly trips to work with accommodation in rented premises, etc. Problems and measures to facilitate the adaptation of workers in the process of relocation are given. If employees do not wish to relocate due to family or property reasons, employers may offer the employee alternative relocation options. The peculiarities of the relocation of domestic enterprises in the conditions of war are considered.

High-speed railway passenger flow equilibrium among trains of common lines based on travel behavior analysis under dynamic pricing

ABSTRACT This paper aims to make contributions to balancing the passenger flow among high-speed railway trains of common lines as well as raise revenue via a behavioral-based optimal dynamic pricing. Based on an HSR trip choice survey, a set of Nested-logit (NL) models is built to analyze passengers’ preferences for different factors under various scenarios. The upper level belongs to the departure time period while the lower level belongs to specific trains with different levels of service. Given the conditions of fixed transportation capability, an optimization model is built to optimize the pricing among trains of common lines. The NL model results show that the time values of round trips are greater than that of one-way trips, and the time values of business trips are greater than that of leisure trips. Besides, the optimization model is verified to be capable of raising revenue, improving passenger flow equilibrium, and inducing extra passenger demand.

Analysis of Modality and Trip Chaining Patterns in Dhaka

This study explores the modality and trip chaining patterns of individuals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We use household-level trip data for a day collected from randomly selected respondents of the Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan area. We found that walking and rickshaw are the dominant modes of travel. The majority of individuals are unimodal and mostly depend on either walking or on rickshaws. Individuals generally walk for the first and last-mile connections to public transit. Cars are used more for non-home-based business trips. Personalized modes such as cars, cycles, and motorcycles are present at a higher proportion in the super complex trip chain than other types of chains.

Planned construction of HSR in Czechia and occasional long-distance work commuting: impact of passenger income

Abstract This article analyses occasional work commuting mobility within three major metropolitan areas in Czechia in the context of future HSR routes. The main aim is to explain uneven commuting flows of inter-metropolitan travelers through their level of income, given their potential for the use of HSR from a demand perspective. To achieve the goals, the paper uses quantitative data analysis methods performed on a selection of 228 respondents who realized at least one business trip between Prague and Brno or Prague and Ostrava between January and September 2019. The results reveal that the level of income plays a significant role in the issue of using potential high-speed lines for occasional long-distance commutes.

Transformation of Vocational Skills for Doormat Craftsmen from Persons with Disabilities using Assistive Technology

Vocational skills in an inclusive society are needed in business trips within an organization. Pusat Pemberdayaan Disabilitas Mitra Sejahtera (PPDMS) is an organization of persons with disabilities that is productive in producing patchwork mat products in quite a large capacity. This research wants to reveal how assistive technology in their business can change their vocational skills before and after knowing technology. This study uses a qualitative approach with a unique case of doormat crafts at PPDMS in Gunungkidul Regency. The research subject is the organizational chart, including the chairman and members involved in the production of doormats. The results of this study indicate that their vocational skills underwent a significant transformation after assistive technology was introduced. Before they learn assistive technology, their skill is to weave mats with the help of conventional looms. Developing more modernly, the use of mechanization with non-machine looms accessible for persons with disabilities has changed weaving skills to weaving skills complemented by skills in spinning threads. Developing even more rapidly, engineering technology-based vocational skills create job specifications for persons with disabilities. The users of these semi-automatic machines must be skilled and understand the machine mechanization system. This research implies that with the existence of assistive technology, the transformation of vocational skills goes hand in hand with developments in technology and science.

On the issue of transferring scientists to a remote form of employment in connection with martial law

The article considers the peculiarities of transferring researchers to remote employment in connection with martial law. It is noted that today there are no legal obstacles to the full implementation of remote work for researchers and does not provide for changes in departmental and local documents, or any mandatory additional forms of control, planning and reporting for remote workers. Under martial law, it is the moral responsibility of the management of scientific institutions to ensure that all staff members are employed remotely, if permitted by the nature of their duties. At the same time, it was concluded that remote work should be considered not only a temporary phenomenon during martial law, but also a perfectly acceptable modern form of labor relations, which is also optimal for a large part of researchers and intellectuals in general. It is stated that every researcher who works remotely must independently determine the workplace and be responsible for ensuring safe and harmless working conditions at his chosen workplace, including outside the country. It is established that the current Ukrainian legislation does not impose any territorial restrictions on the employee's workplace in the conditions of remote work. Therefore, scientists, being outside the country and using remote technologies, can quite legitimately carry out scientific activities. In martial law, if a researcher is in an employment relationship with a state-owned enterprise, the state share in the authorized capital of which exceeds fifty percent or is a value that provides the state with the right to decisive influence on the economic activities of this entity, he may work for border in remote mode only in the case of a business trip, executed in the prescribed manner.

Searching for Borders of Freedom: Foreign Trips of Czechoslovak Musicians and Athletes between 1948–1989

Abstract In the era of the “people’s democratic” and later “socialist” Czechoslovakia (1948–1989), foreign trips, and even more business trips because of their financial impact on one’s life, represented privileges that were to be granted by the ruling elites only to reliable and closely-watched Czechoslovak citizens in the name of the “public interest.” At the same time, the business trips became a kind of litmus test of the loyalty and the “importance” of the travelling (in case of disapproval, non-travelling) individual in the regime’s eyes. In this context, the paper focuses on the lived experience of musicians and athletes concerning foreign trips. Finally, it discusses the potential contradictions between some popular stories in the Czech collective memory on the one hand and more detailed micro-historical probes on the other hand, which demonstrate the interpretive richness of the discussed issues.

Exploring Items for Measuring Behavioural Intention among Bleisure in Malaysia: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

This study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to investigate the reliability of a tool for assessing the behavioural intentions of international bleisure tourists to visit leisure attractions in Malaysia during their business trips. The instrument consists of four constructs. 110 responses were collected to conduct the EFA after distributing the questionnaire. The EFA was performed separately for each construct. The analysis obtained that the first and second constructs have three and four components, respectively, while the third and fourth constructs have one component each. Each item in each construct factor is > 0.5, while all construct is significant as they yielded the P value < 0.05 for Bartlett's Test of Sphericity. All constructs reach higher than 0.6 for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy, indicating that the sample size was adequate. All items in the constructs also reach greater than 0.7 for Cronbach's alpha. It showed that all the instrument to measure the behavioural intentions of international bleisure tourists to visit leisure attractions during their business trip is valid and reliable. The outcome of this study is useful for future research in the field of behavioural intentions.

The bleisure memories of business travelers

• The role of tourism in shaping “bleisure” memories of business travelers • Reflections on business trips at a time they were absent due to COVID-19 • Applying multiple-self theory to the study of business travelers

Evaluation of incidence of organized team members under environmental and hygienic load and unfavorable labor

Bioclimatic comfort, anthropogenic load, conditions and nature of the labor process, lifestyle are among the main factors of the environment and professional activities of people. Purpose - to assess the incidence of persons of an organized team in the ecological and hygienic conditions of the city of Krasnoyarsk. Object - prevalence, primary incidence for the period 2016-2021. The state of anthropogenic pollution of the city territory was judged according to official sources. Assessed the working conditions and the nature of the labor process. The chemical load defines Krasnoyarsk as one of the leaders in the total morbidity of the region and as a risk area in the region in terms of morbidity exceeding the average. Uncomfortable living environment is noted for 9-10 months. The work of the observation group according to the degree of harmfulness and danger - class 3.3. In the structure of work, 80% of the time is mental [intellectual loads (3.2), emotional loads (3.2), work schedule (3.2)], physical activities, periodic long business trips with high emotional and physical stress. In the lifestyle of eating disorders, drinking alcohol, smoking. The prevalence of diseases was 1.6 times higher than in the adult population of Krasnoyarsk and (or) the region: a significant excess of 1.35-4.8 times in 6 classes and lower values of 1.2 times in 2 classes of diseases. In the primary morbidity, the leading pathologies were respiratory, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, trauma and poisoning (including the consequences of external causes), hearing aid, the share of which in the structure reached 80.3%. With the exception of the pathology of the hearing aid, it reflected the incidence of the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as the dynamics of long-term morbidity. The peculiarities of morbidity in a cohort of an organized team are determined by their initial state of health, conditions of professional activity and lifestyle. The need to assess the health risk of the influence of synergistic factors of habitability of the population is actualized, taking into account the characteristics of professional activity and lifestyle.

КАЗАХИ БУКЕЕВСКОЙ ОРДЫ: НАЧАЛО МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ТРАДИЦИОННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА

The article considers the beginning of the process of modernization of the traditional way of life of the Kazakhs of the Bukeev Horde. The dynamics of changes in the public consciousness of Kazakhs is traced. Also in this article, Zhangir Khan's policy in the Horde and the coverage of his activities in the eyes of the tsarist administration can be reconsidered.The beginning of the modernization of the traditional way of life of the Bukeevites in this work is reconstructed according to preserved historical information, for example, according to the results of official business trips of government officials of the XIX century, according to notes and diaries of travelers, according to individual reports and reports, as well as materials of the Petrovsky Society of Researchers of the Astrakhan Region. Historical information in the form of archival materials, which became known to modern researchers in the process of studying the history of the Inner Horde, received quite a wide coverage in domestic science, but the issues of modernization remained poorly studied. Actually, the formation of the Bukeev Horde itself became the moment of transformation of the former socio-political structure of nomadic society, but the deeper nature of the beginning of modernization of Kazakh society is observed only with the independent rule of Zhangir. Despite all its ambiguity, Zhangir Khan's policy was the first example of the modernization of traditional society in the Kazakh Steppe.

CREATIVE, VISIONARY, THE POWER OF LOVE BUSINESS NABI MUHAMMAD, SAW

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The efforts made by the Prophet Muhammad, became interesting to review, because he lived in an Arab society with a jahiliyyah pattern that had no norms/ethics or morals in the business world. Prophet Muhammad SAW grew up and grew up in a respected and wealthy family, but did not make him sit idly by to get sustenance, but he went on a business trip that prioritized politeness, honesty and sincerity, thus making all groups amazed at his personality, from here we look first at the business run by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The researcher uses a qualitative methodology with a historical approach. Researchers try to uncover the historical facts behind the success of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in business. Through a historical approach, it is hoped that it can provide an overview of business and marketing today, and in the future that we must emulate and practice by all human beings who make Prophet Muhammad SAW the Prophet of Allah's messenger. The principles of efficiency and effectiveness are used to measure the level of success of a business. This principle encourages academics and practitioners to look for various ways, techniques and methods that can achieve the highest level of efficiency and effectiveness. The more efficient and effective a company is, the more competitive the company is. In other words, in order to be successful in running a business, by having the characteristics of Siddiq, Amanah, Tablik and Fathonah which can be used as the basic capital to apply the principles of efficiency and effectiveness. His experience as a trader of the Prophet Muhammad long before he was sent by Allah SWT to be a prophet and apostle. And from several experiences the Prophet Muhammad was revealed in the form of a word after he was sent. In practice he always upholds humanity and is not only worldly oriented. He always maintains honesty, trust, professional, friendly and generous in all his activities, especially in his business.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Case Study: Assessing The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Potential for a More Climate-Friendly Work-Related Mobility

The switch from working in-office to working from home in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on people’s mobility behavior. In view of the need for action arising from the ongoing challenge of climate change, these changes should be seen as an opportunity to reduce emissions in the traffic sector. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in work-related mobility that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic using the case of a multinational medium-sized retail chain situated in semi-rural Germany. The case study allowed us to examine those changes in connection with individual attitudes and perspectives of the company and its employees. Thus, we quantitatively recorded the mobility behavior of the company’s employees, followed by an expert interview to ascertain the company’s perspective. We found a reduction in the frequency of commuting and business trips made by employees, which seemed to continue beyond the COVID-19 crisis. However, according to our findings these changes were not based on individual motivation to act in a climate-aware manner but are subject to the framework conditions created by employers for the adoption of climate-friendly behavior. The results of this work could be used by companies and policymakers to create such favorable framework conditions.

Can impatience be virtuous?

Suppose that Linda, Brian’s partner, is on a business trip. Brian cannot wait for her to come home. It would be plausible to construe his attitude as impatience, and claim that it is called for in this type of situation. But if this is indeed the case, then patience is uncalled for. However, it seems that patience cannot be uncalled for, as it is considered a virtue. So goes the common expression, and so attest all of the philosophical analyses of patience in recent decades. Discussing them, I claim that patience is not always the right attitude. Enthusiasm and excitement, which might be impatient, have their own merits. Furthermore, as patience involves not only waiting, but also enduring or persevering, it might also be the case that one endures too much and thus allows vice to flourish. Being truly virtuous has to do with knowing when and how to be patient, but also when and how to be impatient.

ГЕНЕРАЛ-ГУБЕРНАТОРСКИЕ И ГУБЕРНАТОРСКИЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЯ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ И СТЕПНОГО КРАЯ: ДИСКУССИЯ ОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

Acquaintance with the features and condition of the territories under their jurisdiction was an integral part of the activities of the governors-general and governors of the Russian Empire. They had to have reliable information about the state of affairs on the ground: about the situation in the field of education, local government, and the activities of county institutions. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of consistency, the anthropological approach and the comparative historical method. Thanks to this theoretical set, the inspection work of specific governors has been studied in an analytical manner, as part of managerial activity. The article draws attention to the surveys of the provinces and regions of Western Siberia and the Steppe Territory, made by governors-general and governors at the beginning of the 20th century. Studying the region during business trips was supposed to help them solve current issues, as well as outline the prospects for the development of the region, justify for the central government the timeliness and necessity of solving pressing problems in the field of management, medicine, office work, etc. Governors in official documents noted the importance of reviews for the implementation of their activities, but at the same time, their effectiveness in the periodical press was questioned. It is obvious that the legally enshrined provision pursued good goals, but, as often happens, its implementation in practice was far from ideal. In this regard, it seems that the effectiveness of the reviews depended on a number of factors, both objective and subjective: the personal qualities of governors and governors-general, the size of the province or region, the state of communications, the time spent in office.

Діяльність консульства Японії в Одесі під керівництвом Шімади Шіґеру. Частина ІI

The history of the Japanese consulate in Odesa consists of two key periods: 1889–1910 and 1926–1937. Shimada Shigeru became the third head of the Soviet-era institution, working as a consul in Odesa from 1927 to 1930. The main content of Shimada’s work was writing reports. The source of information for writing reports was periodicals and personal experience of consular officers. To understand the affairs of the Soviet Union, they often went on various business trips. During the period of Shimada’s work in Odessa, he made about 200 reports. The main topics were economic reviews, analysis of the food crisis, international trade, ethnic picture of the region, the state of industrial development, strengthening the totalitarian system, the implementation of various cultural projects and more. The consul saw the low standard of living of the population. He predicted the future disaster in agriculture, namely Holodomor. The materials of the many consul’s reports were intercepted by Soviet counterintelligence agents. However, they did not manage to discover really secret materials. In addition, the consul monitored changes in the Soviet government. He evaluated results of its activity extremely negatively. During official meetings, Shimada always showed loyalty to the USSR, held restrained views in his reports, but openly criticized the Soviet reality in personal conversations.

NATIONAL AND MODERN ORTHOEPIC NORM OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The article compares phonetic and orthoepic features of modern and traditional word formation of the Kazakh language. For this purpose, a business trip was organized to the Shalkar district of the Aktobe region, the Aral district of the Kyzylorda region, the Zaisan district of the East Kazakhstan region, where a single Kazakh lived, unhurried speeches of senior Kazakhs were recorded, the speech features of Kazakh youth born in 2000 and citizens of Kazakhstan born in the 70s were analyzed. The phonetic-prosodic level of speech of the representatives of the older generation and the younger generation was considered from the point of view of the Socaptam level. As a result, since the 70s, the Kazakh oral language has mostly observed the norms of writing, both writing and pronouncing the word, and since 2000, new phenomena have appeared in the speech of the born generations, alien even to the norms of the Kazakh language. Such changes in the language do not correspond to the traditional grammatical system, word-formation skills of consumers of the language with a high level of language education, speak of a change in the traditional vocabulary of the Kazakh language, separation from the traditional, national.

Некоторые элементы духовной культуры кабардинцев в отчете о командировке Е.Н. Студе-нецкой в Кабардинскую АССР по сбору этнографического материала (1947 г.)

This article highlights one of the important spiritual culture issues of Kabardians: religious be-liefs. E.N. Studenetskaya during the next trip to the Kabardian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Re-public in 1947 covered the key aspects of the people’s life. In the fieldwork’s course, materials were collected not only on housing, clothing, religious beliefs but also on the traditions of up-bringing, children, the relationship between the elders and the younger, on the example of the men’s holiday “thieshue uj,” family and household legends in which the connection with animals is traced. As an example in the report, she highlights the attitude of the Naloyev genus to the snake as a sacred creature. Folklore material related to the spirits of the elements, the origin of the traditional bowed musical instrument shykIepshyn and blacksmithing were also recorded. The at-tempt of E.N. Studenetskaya to fix Kabardian terminology on the topics under study deserves spe-cial attention. The work contains extracts from the report on the business trip of E.N. Stu-denetskaya to the Kabardian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on the collection of ethno-graphic material in 1947.

DEVELOPING PRE-SERVICE FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS COMPETENCE IN MONOLOGUE SPEECH THROUGH BUSINESS GAME

The notion “business game” has been specified in the paper. Students’ skills and qualities have been outlined that have been trained through business games. The steps that make up a business game have been distinguished. Quality and quantity evaluation criteria of students’ monologue speech competence in the process of business game have been proposed. English activities for business games aimed at building pre-service food technologists’ monologue speech competence have been presented. Two examples of business games have been offered:”Business Trip” and “International Food Technology Exhibition”. In the first business game one receptive and reproductive activity has been presented. This activity has been designed for developing skills of creating monologue structural elements based on the communicative situation designed by the lecturer on the video and mind map with following recording on an electronic medium. Two receptive and productive activities designed for building skills of creating a micro descriptive monologue based on the communicative situation designed by the lecturer on the key words and illustration. In the second business game one receptive and reproductive activity has been presented. This activity has been designed for developing skills of creating monologue structural elements based on the communicative situation designed by the lecturer on the video and table to fill in with the following recording on an electronic medium. Two receptive and productive activities designed for developing skills of creating a micro monologue based on the communicative situation designed by the lecturer on the key words and illustration. Control provided for each activity is self-control, based on the criteria offered by the lecturer, and lecturer control.