КАЗАХИ БУКЕЕВСКОЙ ОРДЫ: НАЧАЛО МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ТРАДИЦИОННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА

Abstract

The article considers the beginning of the process of modernization of the traditional way of life of the Kazakhs of the Bukeev Horde. The dynamics of changes in the public consciousness of Kazakhs is traced. Also in this article, Zhangir Khan's policy in the Horde and the coverage of his activities in the eyes of the tsarist administration can be reconsidered.The beginning of the modernization of the traditional way of life of the Bukeevites in this work is reconstructed according to preserved historical information, for example, according to the results of official business trips of government officials of the XIX century, according to notes and diaries of travelers, according to individual reports and reports, as well as materials of the Petrovsky Society of Researchers of the Astrakhan Region. Historical information in the form of archival materials, which became known to modern researchers in the process of studying the history of the Inner Horde, received quite a wide coverage in domestic science, but the issues of modernization remained poorly studied. Actually, the formation of the Bukeev Horde itself became the moment of transformation of the former socio-political structure of nomadic society, but the deeper nature of the beginning of modernization of Kazakh society is observed only with the independent rule of Zhangir. Despite all its ambiguity, Zhangir Khan's policy was the first example of the modernization of traditional society in the Kazakh Steppe.