Buck-boost Converter Research Articles

An Analog Multiplier Controlled Buck-Boost Converter

This brief presents an analog multiplier based controller for a noninverting buck-boost (NIBB) converter, in which the controller can work for both buck and boost modes of the NIBB converter, thus simplifying the design and saving the power and area for the controller. Moreover, it can obtain good line regulation and load regulation performances. The analog multiplier based controller can automatically change over between the buck and boost modes according to the input and output voltages. This brief, fabricated in 65-nm CMOS process, exhibits a core area of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${1}.{67}{\times }{0}.{64}{mm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . It outputs a stable 0.9 V when the input voltage changes from 0.7-1.4 V, with a maximum output load current of 200 mA.

PV Powered Neural Network Based SEPIC Converter Fed BLDC for Consumer Application

The goal of this study is to investigate the utilization of a SEPIC in PV array-fed consumer applications. In order to run a centrifugal pump, a BLDC motor must be employed. It is possible to soften the start of a BLDC motor by using the INC-MPPT approach, which uses the SEPIC for management. As an added advantage, the SEPIC can adjust the input voltage level at its output when used as a DC-DC buck-boost converter. An SPV array may be optimised at any voltage level, independent of the voltage level being utilised, thanks to this feature. Through the use of simulated results created in the MATLAB programme, the dynamic and steady state performance of a BLDC motor linked to a centrifugal water pump powered by a PV array-SEPIC is analysed and confirmed in this study.

Model Control and Digital Implementation of the Three Phase Interleaved Parallel Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter for New Energy Electric Vehicles

In recent years, the imminent environmental problems and increasing attention to the global energy crisis have prompted the need for new opportunities and technologies to meet higher demands for clean and sustainable energy systems. As a result, new energy electric vehicles have been developed to replace fossil fuel cars. Therefore, this paper presents a three-phase interleaved parallel bidirectional buck–boost converter, which is the core factor of electrical energy flow regulation and management between the battery pack and motor drive inverter within the high voltage direct current bus and converts the voltage from two directions. Corresponding circuit topology, mathematical model, and control strategy are analyzed in three operation states: charge buck, discharge boost, and electric energy interaction modes. The digital implementation with double closed loop, power feedforward compensation, and bidirectional switching logic are realized by XDPTM Digital Power Controllers XDPP1100-Q040 of Infineon Technologies AG. Finally, the experimental results of the proposed converter clearly show that it achieves the objectives, namely, the feasibility and practicality of the system.

Analytical Solution for Transient Reactive Elements for DC-DC Converter Circuits

This paper develops an analytical method for modeling the inductor currents and capacitor voltages (ICCV) of a generic DC-DC converter system. The purpose of the designed methodology is to propose a new generalized modeling technique for DC-DC converter systems that accurately models the transient behavior of those systems. The modeled converter is assumed to operate over some number of circuit stages. Each circuit stage can be separately modeled as a linear time-invariant (LTI) system that is solved through the uni-lateral Laplace transform. Furthermore, the initial conditions (ICs) of these LTI systems are related through different algebraic expressions and discrete-time difference equations that originate from the continuity of the ICCV with respect to time. These discrete-time difference equations are then solved with the uni-lateral Z-transform to determine the ICs of the ICCV at each switching period. The generalized theoretical analysis is applied to the study of the transient behavior of the buck-boost converter across various different circuit parameters. This analysis justified with laboratory experimentation of the buck-boost converter, and the transient behavior of the buck-boost converter is compared for each experimental parameter set. The experimental results and the theoretical analysis provide very similar results across the different converter parameters.

CLOSED LOOP BIDIRECTIONAL BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER FOR BATTERY

Charging and discharging batteries A DC bus (with a constant voltage), a battery, a common load, and a bidirectional two-switch Buck-Boost DC-DC converter are used here.1- The control of battery charging as well discharging is based on using PI controllers 2- The other is for battery current regulation. The presented case study includes two modes of operation: 1-Charging mode: automatically activated when the DC bus is connected and the control objective i.e.: set point (of the PI closed loop) becomes the full voltage of the battery. 2-Discharging mode: automatically activated when the DC bus is NOT connected and the control objective (of the PI closed loop) becomes load voltage to maintain the constant load voltage during discharging. In control topology, a distinct control as well as pulse width modulation (PWM) system is created for each mode of operation using the voltage feedback control strategy. This method of charging and discharging can be used in a vehicle to grid and grid to a vehicle (here vehicle is considered as battery source/ DC source because of the same operation. Renewable energy can be used as a source to reduce pollution. The other mode of charging and discharging can be done with the help of solar as renewable resources to charge the battery. These are the way by which the closed loop buck-boost converter are been used for the battery operation.

Designing and Prototyping of Lithium-Ion Charging System Using Multi-Step Constant Current Method

The need for electrical energy means batteries have a critical role in technological developments in the future. One of the most advanced types of batteries is the lithium-ion battery. The conventional charging system has the disadvantage of taking a relatively long time, so the battery temperature is high. Therefore, a charging method that can shorten the charging time and extend battery life is needed. Some contributions of the paper are the design and prototype of a buck-boost converter for dual-mode lithium-ion battery charging (buck and boost mode) and the implementation of the Multi-Step Constant Current Method (MSCC) algorithm with an optimal charging pattern (OPT) to perform fast charging under voltage, current limit, and temperature monitoring. The test results showed that the proposed charging system prototype has an accuracy of 99.93% for the voltage sensor and 98.86% for the current sensor, whereas the precision of voltage and current sensors are 98.60% and 99.34%, respectively. The proposed method took 45 min to charge the 2-series (2S) and 4-series (4S) batteries. Compared to the CCCV method, the charging time of the MSCC method was 18.18% faster. In terms of battery temperature, MSCC had a lower peak temperature compared to CCCV by 1.5% and 1.25% for 2S and 4S, respectively.

Analysis and Demonstration of Control Scheme for Multiple Operating Modes of Energy Storage Converters to Enhance Power Factor

Rectifiers are required by the devices connected to the distribution end of the electrical power networks for AC/DC conversion. The line current becomes non-sinusoidal when a capacitor with a significant value is used to mitigate the output voltage ripple. This type of converter emulates a non-resistive impedance to the grid, due to which a bend occurs in the shape of the line current, which results in high total harmonic distortion and a low power factor. For perceiving sinusoidal current, power factor correction techniques are required. A digital controller for parallel-connected buck-boost power factor correctors is presented in this article to maintain a constant output voltage and to deal with circulating currents amongst parallel-connected converters. The proposed digital supervisory controller also regulates the input and line currents to keep them sinusoidal according to the input supply voltage to maintain the high power factor of the system. In this paper, using the differential equations of a buck-boost converter, the duty cycle calculations are performed for both Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), which are responsible for providing a unity power factor. A supervisory controller encompasses a feed-forward control algorithm for tuning model parameters for eliminating the harmonics from the line current. The proposed scheme helps calculate duty cycles which provides a unity power factor and minimizes the circulating currents. The proposed method was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and their digital-hardware validation testing was also performed using C2000 MCU Launchpad.

Performance Analysis of LED Driver Circuit using DC-DC Converter Topology

High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamp has been extensively employed in outdoor lighting. But the need of time is to save electricity since HPS has high consumption of electricity. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are better choice to replace HPS. Since they are compact and with very low power ratings, they have very high illumination. The basic difference between LED and HPS is that, HPS works on normal AC voltage supply whereas LED requires low DC voltage to operate. Hence a converter circuit with low voltage rating is required for proper functioning of LED. In this paper, simulation and hardware implementation of an LED driver base on a permutation of the buck converter as the DC-DC power conversion (PC) stage and buck-boost converter as the power factor rectification (PFR) stage is presented. This paper presents the hardware implementation of LED driver circuit for 12 V LED lighting strip.

Research and Design of LC Series Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System with Modulation Control Method for Supercapacitor Charging in Linear Motion Systems

With the hot topic of “Carbon Neutrality”, energy efficiency and saving practices such as reducing fuel consumption, vigorously advocating new energy power and modern rail are now becoming the main research topics of energy conversion technologies. Supercapacitors, with their ability of higher power density, fast charging, and instantaneous high current output, have become an indispensable energy storage element in modern traction systems for modern rail. This proposal introduced wireless power transfer technologies by using LC series resonant technology for charging the supercapacitors. To match the voltage and current level of the supercapacitor, a four-switch buck-boost converter was applied on the secondary side of the load-matching converter. To regulate the wireless transfer power and charging power of the supercapacitor, the active modulation control method was introduced on both the primary and secondary sides of the transfer system. On the primary side, the power is controlled by controlling the current in resonant inductance through the phase shift control method, while on the secondary side, the charging power is controlled by regulating the input voltage of the four-switch buck-boost converter followed by inductance current control. The theoretical analysis under phase shift mode for the primary side and pulse width modulation for a four-switch buck-boost converter with a supercapacitor load (voltage source) were proposed in detail, and the state-space model of the load matching converter was established for controller design to obtain precise voltage and current control. Both open loop and closed loop simulation models were built in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, and simulations were carried out to evaluate the system characteristics and control efficiency. The experimental platform was established based on a dsPIC33FJ64GS606 digital controller. Experiments were carried out, and the results successfully verified the effectiveness of the system.

A new Buck-Boost converter with capability of eliminating right-half-plane zeros

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new Buck-Boost converter with coupled inductor that can eliminate right-half-plane (RHP) zeros is proposed. The steady-state model and small-signal model of the proposed Buck-Boost converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) are established and analysed, and its control-to-output voltage transfer function is obtained. The condition for this proposed converter to eliminate RHP zeros is derived based on the Mason formula. The comparisons among the other extant four Buck-Boost converters and the proposed Buck-Boost converter are carried out, and it shows that the proposed Buck-Boost converter has the advantage of eliminating RHP zeros. Finally, some simulations and circuit experiments are presented for confirmation.

Method for Deriving Transformerless Common-Ground Voltage Source Inverter Topologies

This article presents a method for generating a family of transformerless inverters with common ground, for the connection of photovoltaic or battery energy storage systems with the electrical grid. Using the proposed method, four common-ground buck type inverter topologies are derived from bidirectional dc–dc converters based on buck–boost, SEPIC, zeta and boost–buck converters, which have in common the static gain given by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D \mathord{/ {\vphantom {D {(1 - D)}}} } {(1 - D)}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . The operation of each generated topology is explained and confirmed by computer simulation results. A comparative analysis between the four generated topologies and other transformerless common-ground inverters are included, considering the number of components, voltage ratings, output power, switching frequency, reported efficiency at rated power, and the requirement for filter insertion. Experimental results obtained in the laboratory, with tests performed on a nonoptimized experimental prototype are presented, for the topology based on the bidirectional zeta converter.

Direct Model Predictive Control of Noninverting Buck-boost DC-DC Converter

In this paper, direct model predictive control (DMPC) of the noninverting buck-boost DC-DC converter with magnetic coupling between input and output is proposed. Unlike most of the other converters, the subject converter has the advantage of exhibiting minimum phase behavior in the boost mode. However, a major issue that arises in the classical control of the converter is the dead zone near the transition of the buck and boost mode. The reason for the dead zone is practically unrealizable duty cycles, which are close to zero or unity, of pulse width modulation (PWM) near the transition region. To overcome this issue, we propose to use DMPC. In DMPC, the switches are manipulated directly by the controller without the need of PWM. Thereby, avoiding the dead zone altogether. DMPC also offers several other advantages over classical techniques that include optimality and explicit current constraints. Simulations of the proposed DMPC technique on the converter show that the dead zone has been successfully avoided. Moreover, simulations show that the DMPC technique results in a significantly improved performance as compared to the classical control techniques in terms of response time, reference tracking, and overshoot.

Massive Parallel Current Power Amplifier Concept for Power Hardware in the Loop Applications

The development of the smartgrid increases the complexity of the current electric grid. To verify and validate the operation of the systems involved in it, Power Hardware-In-theLoop (PHIL) technique allows to test the complete system in an exhaustive way. But the reduced bandwidth of the overall test system can cause inaccuracies and instabilities, which can be harmful for the Hardware Under Test (HUT) or the people who are performing the test. To increase PHIL performance and tackle these problems, this paper proposes a new concept of high bandwidth current amplifier. It is based on a topology of massive parallel interleaved buck-boost converter, which distribute in an equal manner the total current in all the branches. This current reduction allows to use transistors with better switching behaviour, which increase the bandwidth of the converter. Furthermore, a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) is used, obtaining the nominal output current in only one switching cycle. Description of the concept and the design parameters are provided. Finally, the behaviour of the proposed Power Amplifier (PA) at high frequency setpoint currents is shown in a Matlab/Simulink simulation.

Control Strategy for Power Generation from a Capacitive Mixing Cell and Grid Injection

In this work, the possibility of extracting energy from a capacitive mixing cell based on the potential that exists as a result of the salinity gradient between fresh and salt water passing through the electrodes of a deionization cell is studied. For this, a two-stage process is defined. The first step uses a dual buckboost converter for the positive and negative cycles of the input voltage. This topology acts as a current source and is chosen due to its ability to provide high power factor and to work with extremely low voltage levels. The second stage consists of an Hbridge inverter synchronized with the AC grid to feed power into the grid. A hysteresis control system has been designed for the current flowing through the coil. With this, it has been analyzed how the efficiency of the total system (cell + power converter) varies with the changes in the series resistance of the CapMix cell or with the discharge current selected in the power converter. Simulations are carried out to characterize the energy extraction and some experimental results confirm the possibility of using this new renewable energy source.

Averaged state space modeling and the applicability of the series Compensated Buck-Boost converter for harvesting solar Photo Voltaic energy

The world's energy demand has risen in recent decades. Alternative energy sources are needed to meet this need. Solar energy is the most beneficial power source because it is pollutant and fuel-free. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method is needed to harvest the maximum power from the Photo Voltaic (PV) panel for the given temperature and solar irradiance. For maximal power extraction, a Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is proposed in this work. The power harvested from the PV source is used to charge a battery using a Series Compensated Buck-Boost converter (SCBBC). The performance of the designed system has been evaluated using dynamic simulations in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and then validated using an experimental prototype. The results show that the proposed SCBBC improves power conversion efficiency and it requires a lower-rated design than the total estimated power transaction.

Decentralized adaptive neuro-fuzzy dynamic surface control for maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic system

The current work proposes a decentralized adaptive dynamic surface control approach for extracting the maximum power from a photovoltaic (PV) system and then regulating the required voltage for charging the battery. In this regard, two cascaded direct current-direct current (DC-DC) converters are utilized. The boost converter is interposed between the PV system and the load to help extract the maximum power. The buck-boost converter is then exploited to maintain the output voltage at a specified level which must meet the battery demand. Therefore, to handle the interactions between the cascaded converters, a decentralized control approach is developed. In the suggested approach, by introducing a nonlinear filter, an effective dynamic surface control (DSC) scheme is proposed with guaranteeing asymptotic tracking convergence. Further, by incorporating a nonlinear compensation term into the proposed control approach, the robustness of the resulting controller is improved. In addition, since the model of the converters is nonlinear with unknown uncertainties, the neuro-fuzzy system is used to estimate lumped uncertainties. The proposed control method has good attributes in terms of having a low tracking error, an excellent transition response, and a quick response to changes in atmospheric conditions. The stability of the whole control system is proved by the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, comprehensive simulation results are performed to validate the effectiveness of the suggested control approach.

Design and Development of Fixed-Frequency Double-Integral SM-Controlled Solar-Integrated Bidirectional Quasi Z-Source DC-DC Converter in Standalone Battery Connected System

DC microgrids have been quite popular in recent times. The operational challenges like control and energy management of the renewable-driven standalone DC microgrids have been an interest of research. This paper presents a bidirectional quasi Z-source DC-DC converter (BQZSDC). This converter topology has been developed based on a conventional buck-boost type bidirectional converter, and it interfaces the storage system and the common DC bus. The challenge, however, lies in effectively managing the uncertain renewable energy sources and the storage system and catering for the loads simultaneously. An effective control strategy is needed for that energy management and to achieve various microgrid objectives. This paper deals with one such effective control strategy implemented for BQZSDC. That is, the fixed-frequency double-integral sliding mode control (FF-DISMC) controls the converter to regulate the DC bus voltage and battery current. A detailed analysis of the controller is conducted, and its performance is evaluated for both charging (buck) and discharging (boost) modes. Simulations have been performed in MATLAB, showing that the controller performs satisfactorily in achieving the objectives of voltage regulation and battery current regulation. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller is validated with the hardware setup.

A Dual Control Regenerative Braking Strategy for Two-Wheeler Applications-A Review

In this paper, Review on bi-directional DC/DC buck-boost converter with dual control strategy during regenerative braking is used for a two-wheeler application. To reduce the harmful emissions from automobiles and massive surges in fuel prices, automotive electric vehicles are an effective alternate solution. In this paper, a cascaded bi-directional DC/DC buck-boost converter with dual control strategy during regenerative braking is used for atwo-wheeler application. The dual control strategy with the cascaded converter is used to increase the average power stored during the braking period and to reduce the vehicle’s stopping time. The converter with the proposed control strategy used in this work has made it possible to charge the battery even when the back emf of the machine is less than the battery voltage. A fuzzy logic control strategy is used to consider the non-linear factors like SOC, speed of the vehicle and the required brake force. This is done in order to make the system more reliable and realistic. implementing the dual control strategy, the average power stored by the battery is increased by 2.5 times and the vehicle comes to halt faster in comparison with the existing control strategy. The versatility of the strategy is shown by examining three different scenarios during the regenerative braking process.

Hybridization of battery and ultracapacitor for electric vehicle application with dynamic energy management and non-linear state feedback controller

• Proposed a dynamic energy management system for hybrid sources in an electric vehicle. • Buck-boost H-bridge converters are introduced for bidirectional power flow control. • System non-linearities are addressed using a nonlinear state feedback controller. • The proposed system accurately delivers instantaneous vehicle speed and torque. This paper describes a methodology to control a multi-source battery-capacitor hybrid EV incorporating a dynamic power splitting strategy. Considering the requirement for precise speed control characteristics of the EV and the non-linear behavior of traction motor with system disturbances, a non-linear state feedback controller (NLSFC) with a disturbance observer is suggested as the speed control technique for the EV traction motor. To interface a parallel configured multi-source system, a non-inverted buck-boost H-bridge is proposed as the source side converter for effective recovery of the braking energy. Detailed control design for traction motor and converter is also presented for efficient control of EV. Besides, an adaptive energy management strategy considering power profile and dynamic source characteristics is incorporated into the overall control system. The simulation results from various case studies indicate that the proposed system can follow the required vehicle speed and torque despite the sudden change in EV load torque. Furthermore, the comparative analysis between NLSFC and PI controller shows improvement with steady-state error reduction from 0.43 to 0.0014 and peak overshoot drop from 12.07% to 3.51% during acceleration of the system when proposed NLSFC is adopted. The proposed solutions will be implemented in a prototype EV system in the future.

Implementation of Voltage Stabilizers on Solar Cell System Using Buck-Boost Converter

Electricity is one of the basic needs of modern human life and is already so integrated into everyday life. This is understandable given the coal's ample resources. Another factor that influences the growth of coal use is that coal plants are designed asa basic burden because the price of coal is relatively cheaper. However, coal's existence as fuel for power plants is on the decline and is not renewables. One of the applications of renewable energy potential is solar power generation technology. On this system using solar panels using 30 wp power. Solar dependence on the environment affects the change in output values in hybrid plant systems, resulting in easy damage to both domestic and industrial appliances or in battery storage systems, so a mechanism is needed to stabilize the output voltage supplied to the battery or load. So, out of this renewable energy potential, it creates innovation Implementation of Voltage Stabilizers on Solar Cell System Using Buck-Boost Converter. Aided by current and voltage sensors controlled by arduino uno so that they can insulate input and output from buck-boost converter. Results from the testing of this device indicate that the buck-boost converter is able to stabilize output output from solar panels with a 14.4 volt set of points. The average efficiency obtained at buck-converter converter testing at buck mode is 85.4 %. On boost mode is 80%. On buck-boost mode is 79.2%.