Brazilian Context Research Articles

E se Dona Violeta fosse uma mulher negra? Reflexões a partir de “O cuidado, os modos de ser (do) humano e as práticas de saúde”

Abstract Can we discuss humanization in health without bringing the expressions of racism in the health-ilness process to the centrality of the debate? Would it be possible to think of humanized care practices without considering structural and institutional racism in health? An affirmative answer to one of these questions reinforces the current myth of Brazilian racial democracy, which prevents us from recognizing or validating how much racism is alive in our society and produces unequal experiences of living, sickening, and dying for the black population, which accounts for more than 56% of the Brazilian population. In this article, in dialogue with Ayres’ production on Happiness Projects and healthcare, I seek to reflect on the production of health care in the Brazilian context, considering structural racism and the prevailing myth of racial democracy in the centrality of this care production. As a health institution aiming to ensure health as a right to citizenship, should we commit to projects of happiness or enable and support emancipation and freedom projects?

PSXVI-7 Sustainability Index Approach of the Brazilian Pampa Biome

Abstract The need to increase food production resulting from agricultural activities is a major challenge for farmers. Thus, evaluating production systems from a sustainability perspective has become a priority in the Brazilian Pampa biome. in the last decade there has been an increase of croplands, soybean areas, and a decrease in rangelands from beef cattle production systems. This study connected to land use change, such as soil and water conservation; to an economic context, where the revenues and incomes are earned from different source. The aim of the study was to elaborate an index able to measure sustainability at farm-level. This index was developed to be adhered to the Brazilian Pampa biome context by the consultancy to perceptions of experts. The Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems guidelines, developed by the FAO, was used as reference for the indicators that formed the sustainability index (iSus). After the selection of indicators, experts were consulted to judge their priorities according to the analytic hierarchy process methodology. An electronic form was developed through Google Forms and sent to experts from each region to judge the priorities for the dimensions, themes, and indicators. The selected dimensions did not present differences, demonstrating that in the perception of the experts, no dimension has priority. The investment (economic dimension), human health and safety (social dimension), and land and water (environmental dimension), had priority within the dimensions. In the indicator analysis, there were no differences between the perceptions of the experts. It was possible to define groups of indicators as high, medium, and low priority. Water management, safety and health, and net revenue had the highest priority in perception of the experts. The rating of priorities brought adherence from a regional context to the index. The incorporation of an iSus can contribute to broad actions to increase sustainability in beef cattle production systems. The utilization of the index will allow that basic premises of sustainability could be measured and identified.

Uma câmera-flecha; mobilizações, cosmopolítica e modos de aldear o cinema

The Brazilian context of the last few years has reinforced Rudyard Kipling’s maxim: “The first casualty of war is the truth”. Later, Paul Virilio would correct the sentence by saying that war victimizes the “reality”. In these recent battles, in which the Brazilian State strives to suppress a series of rights conquered by native peoples, cinema and indigenous communication have revealed themselves as important tools (weapons) against the “machine for grinding worlds”, which is like the writer Ailton Krenak names this “entity” called Capitalism.We saw the emergence of a series of productions carried out and starring by indigenous people, which bring us an enormous renewal of narrative and aesthetic processes. It is as if it were a counter-anthropology or the reverse of the ethnographic film. When we occupy the artefacts of cinema, it is understood that indigenous films represent cameras-arrow that launch themselves into the world, helping to displace traditional notions about science, politics and philosophy, in the quest to expand the concept of Cosmopolitics, engendered by Isabelle Stengers and defended by authors such as Bruno Latour.

Validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2BR)

In sports context, the motivational climate has been widely studied since 2000, when the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) was published. Evaluating athletes’ perceptions of the motivational climate created by the coach, this questionnaire has been validated and adapted for different countries, including Brazil. However, important psychometric properties of the Brazilian version present problems, such as poor fit indices and the almost exclusively male samples, make it unfeasible for use in future research. Thus, this study aimed to achieve a new process of cross-cultural adaptation, and search for validity evidence of the PMCSQ-2 for the Brazilian sports context to correct distortions, expand the sources of evidence of validity and ecological validity, and make it suitable for application in future research. The sample consisted of 501 athletes (349 males, 152 females) from different sports. The findings of the current study support the multidimensional hierarchical characteristic of the instrument, its factorial structure, and internal consistency. We concluded that the 33-item PMCSQ-2BR, distributed in two high-order scales (ego-involving and task-involving) with three subscales each, can be used to assess athletes’ perceived motivational climate in the Brazilian sports context.

Analysis of the Public Management Profile in Brazilian Municipalities and the Differentials Found in Smart City Management

Global population growth is a subject of debate in governmental, non-governmental organizations, and academia, as well as a concern for contemporary society. The projections of weakening and depletion of urban infrastructure, difficulties in supply, scarcity of natural resources, associated with primary needs (health, education, housing, and security) created a demand for alternatives to attending the population needs. Some cities, called smart cities, already stand out for achieving their management goals with the help of technology. This article aims to identify the management elements that differentiate the management of a city considered smart (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil) from the others in the Brazilian context. For the analysis, secondary data for 2015 provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. The analysis allowed us to identify the management characteristics of the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. The characteristics of the management of the municipality of Belo Horizonte, considered a smart city, were identified through interviews with the managers of the municipality. With the analysis, we identified the differentiating elements of the management models, which made it possible to create environments that propelled the increase of creativity and proposals of technological bases in the management of a smart city.

Psychometric study of the brazilian version of the personality inventory for DSM-5-paper-and-pencil version.

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 - Self Reported Form (PID-5-SRF) operationalizes Criterion B of the personality alternative model of DSM-5 Section III and has already been cross-culturally adapted to many countries. The objective is to present evidence of validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of PID-5 (pencil-and-paper) in a Brazilian community sample. The sample was composed of 730 individuals from the general population [67.8% women, aged 33.84 (SD = ±15.2), 69.5% ≥ 12 years of schooling]. The participants were recruited in academic, organizational, healthcare, and business facilities in three Brazilian states. The snowball method was used. The PID-5 Brazilian version and the Revised NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R) were individually applied, and the retest was applied 30 days after. Satisfactory internal consistency (facets α ≥0.51; domains α ≥0.82) and test-retest reliability (facets ICC ≥ 0.45; domains ICC ≥0.76) were found, but a floor effect was verified in 97.7% of the items. Regarding convergent validity, strong correlations were found between the PID-5 and the NEO-FFI-R domains (r = −0.44 to 0.70). Ten facets did not fit the unidemensional structure. Confirmatory Factor Analyses did not present adequate goodness of fit, and Exploratory Analyses indicated that a five-factor model is more appropriate, though it presents some peculiarities concerning the original model. PID-5 also presented satisfactory goodness of fit to the personality hierarchical model. Generally, the instrument's psychometric indicators favor its use in the Brazilian context. However, some aspects demand attention, and more specific studies should be conducted to verify the impact of reverse-scored items, floor effect, and peculiarities of its internal structure (some facets' multidimensionality and interstitiality) concerning the original model.

Legitimacy actions and accounting disclosure

Companies involved in socio-environmental tragedies have increasingly aroused the interest of society and regulatory bodies. In this sense, the cases of the companies Samarco S.A. and Vale S.A. stand out in the Brazilian context due to the socio-environmental impacts they caused in the regions where they operate. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the actions of social legitimacy according to Suchman's typology (1995) evidenced by the companies Samarco S.A. and Vale S.A., after the Mariana disasters in 2015 and Brumadinho in 2019. Therefore, it is classified as qualitative and the Content Analysis applied to the Management Report (RA) and Notes was used as a methodology to answer the research problem. Explanatory Notes (NE) of the Financial Statements (DF). The period of analysis of Samarco S.A. was from 2015 to 2020; the analysis of Vale S.A., on the other hand, covered the years 2019 and 2020. The main results infer that the analyzed companies intended to gain general legitimacy in the analyzed period. This legitimacy is used as an action or strategy when the company incurs an event with a negative connotation and needs to ensure the continuity of its operations. Furthermore, in the cases of Samarco and Vale, it is clear that the events related to the tragedies were reported superficially and without effective recognition of the guilt of those responsible.

OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS

The aim of this study is to investigate how obstetric violence occurs in the Brazilian context on the basis of gender, race and social class. In this way, it seeks to understand how social exclusion can be a contributing risk factor for the violation of women's rights in their pregnancy-puerperal cycle. The present literature suggests that the context of social vulnerability and the power relations fostered in the hospital environment are configured as practices that threaten a healthy pregnancy and contribute to the occurrence of this reality in Brazil.

Cost-utility analysis of memantine in Alzheimer’s Disease in Brazil

Accelerated population aging has led to a progressive increase in dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The study’s objective was to perform a cost-utility analysis on the use of memantine in the severe stage of AD in Brazil compared to no specific pharmacological treatment from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). A Markov model was designed to simulate the progression of AD through five finite stages of health that considered cognitive function and a time horizon of five years. Progression probabilities were derived from clinical trials and population-based studies. Direct costs included hospitalization, medical consultation, use of additional medications, as well as laboratory tests. The measures for Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) were derived from the international literature. Costs and benefits were discounted by 5%. Compared to no specific pharmacological treatment, memantine was associated with gains in QALY and additional costs. The model showed that memantine resulted in a gain of 0.00308 QALY over the simulated 5 years and an increase in costs of R$351.50 per patient in already discounted values, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of R$114,123.38 per QALY. The cost and effect of memantine on AD progression were the variables under the most uncertainty. Although memantine represents gains in QALY, its ICER is considered high for the Brazilian context considering its high costs and its small and limited benefit in time.

“Dualismo digital” no ativismo contemporâneo: uma abordagem discursiva da #elenão

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to analyze, from a linguistic perspective and more specifically from discourse theories, the contemporary political claims that take place in the intense traffic between the internet and the urban space. The hashtag #elenão was selected as the place of observation, collection and analysis of the corpus, both for its relevance in the Brazilian context and for its functioning, which provides an understanding of the various manifestations of the corpus established between the utterance and the enunciation. We understand that the tension caused between online and offline, addressed by the language sciences based on the concept of “digital dualism”, can promote relevant theoretical and methodological, as well as political and social discussions.

Lean and Green Product Development in SMEs: A Comparative Study between Small- and Medium-Sized Brazilian and Japanese Enterprises

Facing the new challenges in production processes, companies should adopt lean and green practices in product development. In SMEs, the application of these practices is more complex. This work explores the maturity of lean–green methodologies in the product development process in Brazilian and Japanese SMEs. The methodology used is multicriteria, combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS 2-tuple method, applied to four Japanese SMEs and four Brazilian SMEs in the metalworking sector. The criteria for evaluating SMEs are company flexibility, difficulties with NPD, innovation, limited resources, and personnel authority high. The TOPSIS method alternatives refer to 18 lean–green enablers. In the AHP method, the prioritisation of criteria between Japanese and Brazilian specialists presented divergences. In the Japanese context, the incidence of innovation is predominant, while in the Brazilian context, the most important is the limited resources. In the TOPSIS 2-tuple method, the results showed a higher level of maturity in lean–green methodologies in Japanese companies than in Brazilian ones. Lean practices are more evolved compared to sustainable practices in both countries. The study also addressed how open innovation adoption may contribute to innovation and NPD practices. Policymakers need to understand the heterogeneity of innovators within SMEs and how they differently innovate, developing distinct internal and external activities.

Student retention policies in higher education: reflections from a literature review for the Brazilian context

Resumo A evasão no ensino superior é uma questão de interesse global e, para reduzi-la, diversas políticas foram criadas visando ao incentivo da permanência de alunos nas universidades. Este artigo objetivou identificar padrões de avaliação de políticas de permanência estudantil na educação superior mediante uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com base em 39 documentos selecionados nas bases Scopus, Sage Journals, Web of Science, Google Acadêmico e Periódicos Capes. Em relação às formas de avaliação, os resultados indicaram a predominância de análises dos efeitos das políticas sobre a evasão, mas também havia estudos que avaliaram o desempenho e o tempo até a diplomação dos alunos. As pesquisas foram majoritariamente aplicadas em ambientes universitários de natureza pública, o que indica a escassez de produções científicas sobre instituições de ensino privadas. Quanto aos formatos das políticas de permanência, a literatura apontou quatro espécies de auxílio com naturezas distintas: financeiro, assistencial, baseado em mérito acadêmico e por critérios de necessidade/vulnerabilidade dos estudantes. Com a pesquisa, propôs-se uma avaliação das políticas de permanência em formato tríplice, considerando a permanência, o desempenho e o tempo até a diplomação. Entre as lacunas da literatura, evidenciaram-se os estudos comparativos de diferentes políticas.

Citizens’ attitudes toward legal authorities in Brazil: Examining the impact of crime, insecurity, and corruption

This paper sought to understand public attitudes and behavior toward criminal justice institutions in Brazil. Using a cross-sectional data from a sample of Brazilians, we made very important and intriguing observations about Brazilians’ attitudes. Among these observations is the finding that the presence of crime results in favorable attitudes toward the Brazilian judiciary. Also, sense of security, corruption (bribe solicitation), and citizens’ trust in the media predicted attitudes toward criminal justice institutions and officials. Given that this study is one of the few studies that have examined this issue in the Brazilian context, the findings serve as a starting point for discussion about improving the relationship between citizens and the system. Specific implications of the findings are discussed.

Analysis of the Activities That Make Up the Reverse Logistics Processes and Their Importance for the Future of Logistics Networks: An Exploratory Study Using the TOPSIS Technique

Background: The wide variety of terms that converge in reverse logistics have been more evident and discussed in the current context of the literature, such as reverse channels, reverse supply chain, closed-loop supply chain, and circular supply chain. Regarding this, this paper aimed to investigate the level of uncertainty about the activities that make up the Reverse Logistics process in the opinion of professionals working in this area in Brazil, to develop a discussion relating to the sustainable development goals proposed by the UN and their importance for the future of logistics networks. Methods: Initially, through a detailed systematic review of the literature, the activities that make up the RL processes were identified. Then, a questionnaire was elaborated on regarding such activities, and a survey was developed with professionals in the area. The data obtained were analyzed through a descriptive analysis of means, calculation of Cronbach’s Alpha, and using the multicriteria decision technique TOPSIS. Results: It is possible to see that professionals involved with RL processes in Brazil still have many doubts regarding which activities belong to the RL process. In the opinion of Brazilian professionals, 10 of these activities have generated high levels of uncertainties about their belonging or not to the RL process. On the other hand, with a low level of uncertainty, 3 activities were not considered and 3 were considered to make up the RL process. Conclusions: It is believed that this study can contribute to the generation of knowledge by comparing basic information in the scientific literature with the practical knowledge of professionals belonging to the reverse logistics sector working in the Brazilian context.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT ORAL DISORDERS: ADAPTATION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE

<h3>Objectives</h3> To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality-of-Life questionnaire for patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (QQV-DOPM) for the Brazilian context. <h3>Study Design</h3> Methodological study consisting of the following stages: (1) conceptual and item equivalence and (2) semantic equivalence (translation, back-translation, evaluation by the committee of judges; <i>n</i> = 13), pretest, and operational equivalence. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. <h3>Results</h3> It was found that the domains (difficulty in diagnosis, physical limitations, psychosocial impacts, and treatment effects) and the 20 items of the questionnaire are relevant to Brazil. The interrater agreement was 84% for the comprehensiveness of the domains. In the analysis of item clarity, the result of the overall calculation of the content validity index was 0.84 and for representativeness it was 0.89. The pretest with the target population revealed 100% acceptability. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The study adapted the QQV-DOPM for the Brazilian context. The indicators of content validation, pretest, and operational equivalence indicated that the Brazilian version of the QQV-DOPM is a promising instrument and a tool that seems valid to assess the quality of life of people with potentially malignant oral disorders.

Motivations to Study Culinary Arts in the Brazilian Context

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the motivations for undergraduate students to pursue studies in culinary arts. The research consists of a mixed methodology, a survey with 94 students from 64 different Brazilian universities, and two focus groups, one group with ten students and one group with twelve students. The students were in their last year of university. The results show that the motivations to pursue a culinary arts degree are related to personal interest, field attractiveness, university degree, and the growing emphasis on culinary shows. The contribution of this research is its innovative approach to examine why students are studying culinary arts.

Validity evidence studies of the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale in Brazil

Self-efficacy for emotion regulation is understood as the perceived capability to regulate the negative affect and to express the positive ones. This study aimed at the validity evidence for the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale in the Brazilian context through two studies. In the first one, participants were 41 students from middle school (M = 13.49; SD = 1.52), being 58.5 % male. Results indicated a few adjustments in some items. The second study had 932 participants from two cities: one from Southeast Brazil and one from the North. The students were from middle and high schools being 50.3 % (n = 469) female. Their ages ranged from 13 to 23 years old (M = 16.50; SD = 1.52). After analysis through structural equation modeling, results indicated that the dimensions of the scale have a good fit according to the theoretical model with good accuracy indexes, thus confirming the validity evidence for this instrument, being reliable to be used in Brazil.

Spiritual Leadership and Sustainable Actions Skills: A Study in the Brazilian Context

Spiritual Leadership and Sustainable Actions Skills: A Study in the Brazilian Context

Circular economy indicators for measuring social innovation in the Brazilian textile and fashion industry

The Brazilian textile and fashion industry impacts directly and indirectly 8 million people, a context in which social indicators become even more significant. However, while job creation has been highlighted as one of the social benefits of the circular economy , few social indicators have been explicitly included for its impact measurement. Furthermore, considering that tools and methods are needed to link business decisions with social effects, social sustainability measures are needed. Based on the literature review, this research has identified indicators to measure the capacity of the Brazilian textile and fashion industry to promote social innovation in the circular economy. The 37 indicators identified were rated on a 7-point Likert scale by 29 experts representing the industry, representative entities of the textile and fashion sector, and institutions engaged in human and labour rights. Three other indicators were appointed by the experts. As result, 40 indicators are proposed according to the classification: employment; labour/management relations; occupational health and safety; training and education ; diversity and equal opportunity; and fair distribution of income. These findings can provide a practical tool for circular economy practitioners and researchers and contribute to the improvement of measuring methods and monitoring of the social aspects of labour towards the circular economy in the textile and fashion industry. • Social innovation plays an important role in improving social justice. • Social innovation can be driven through the circular economy. • Brazilian textile and fashion sector has potential to promote social innovation. • Forty indicators of social innovation in the Brazilian context were proposed. • The indicators offer a practical tool for fashion practitioners and academics.

Regional variation in responses of a vulnerable bird species to land‐use and climate change

AbstractClimate and land‐use changes are expected to negatively affect many species and ecological processes, leading to biodiversity loss. However, some species can adapt to these changes. Wide‐ranging species are expected to be less impacted by such changes, but they can occur in different domains with contrasting environmental conditions, resulting in different conservation statuses along their range. To understand whether a species will overall benefit or lose with global change, we evaluated the responses of a wide‐ranging but a vulnerable bird (Crax fasciolata) to separate and combined effects of climate and land‐use changes under different environmental policies in Brazil. Using ecological niche modeling and a land‐use model within the Brazilian political context, we quantified climatic, habitat, and environmental suitability for Crax fasciolata under historical (2000) and future (2050) scenarios. Our findings showed that environmental suitability can increase for Crax fasciolata in Brazil in future, but these effects vary according to the domain and the specific future scenario considered. Climatically suitable areas will increase in all scenarios, and those environmental scenarios that include better habitat conditions will provide more environmentally suitable areas for Crax fasciolata. However, this increase comes from newly suitable areas in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon, while the Pantanal, the Caatinga, and the Cerrado will lose environmental suitability due to native vegetation loss. Despite the availability of these new areas, reduced landscape permeability may hinder Crax fasciolata from reaching them. This reinforces the urgent call for public policies for native vegetation protection, reforestation, and effective deforestation control.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material