Brazilian Context Research Articles

ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AT WORK: SCENARIO ANALYSIS THROUGH SYSTEN DYNAMIC

This study aimed to present the development and validation of a simulation model that allows the People Management area to evaluate and analyze scenarios based on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Social Support at Work. For this, we considered the perspective of IT knowledge workers who work in companies from different states of Brazil. To achieve this goal, the simulation model was elaborated and its possible analysis performed with the system dymanics. The 'current scenario' was based on the study by Costa (2019) who used the Dekas et al. (2013), validated by Andrade (2017) for the Brazilian context and the Siqueira and Gomide Jr Social Work Support Scale (2008). As a result it stands out that Aid had a small growth in the optimistic scenario, compared to the other dimensions, Civic Virtue and Voice. On the other hand, the three dimensions showed large decreases in the pessimistic scenario. It is also noted that the median scenario, in the five years of simulation, increased from 4.04 to 4.12, while the optimistic scenario showed a great increase, from 4.04, value of year 0, reaching 4.91 in year 5.

Leisure for people with disability: perceptions of undergraduate students in physical education

TThe leisure is a constitutional right for Brazilians citizens. People with disability form a group that may encounter architectural and attitudinal barriers to access leisure, therefor is relevant to study the understanding of this theme. The present research investigated how physical education undergraduates in public institutions of the state of São Paulo understand leisure for people with disability. A qualitative design was used. A sample of 322 undergraduate students attending senior year, from 9 campi of universities in state of São Paulo, answered a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with Iramuteq software, using Reinert method to analyze the corpus clusters. Results showed that the students understanding of leisure for people with disability overlaps with the conventional definitions used in scientific literature in Brazilian context. As a conclusion, they understand: (1) leisure is the same for people with and without disability; (2) leisure is a possibility for people with disability; (3) leisure is about pleasure; (4) activities that may be understood as leisure; (5) spaces need to be adapted to received people with disability properly.

Development of a mobile application for vancomycin dosing calculation: A useful tool for the rational use of antimicrobials

BackgroundMobile applications (app) provide many benefits for healthcare professionals, making them a useful support clinical decision system. ObjectivesTo describe the development of a mobile app, CalcVAN, to calculate vancomycin dosage regimens for adult and pediatric patients. MethodsThis study is a technological production research to develop a mobile app through the rapid prototyping type for the Android system in the Brazilian context. The mobile app structure was developed in four steps: 1) conception, including the needs assessment, the target audience, the literature search, and the definition of contents; 2) prototype planning, including the definition of topics and writing of modules, the selection of media, and the layout; 3) production of the mobile app, including the selection of multimedia tools, the navigation structure, and planning of environment configuration; and 4) make the mobile app available. ResultsThe CalcVAN has six screens, containing the vancomycin dosing calculator for adult and pediatric patients based on weight and estimated creatinine clearance parameters. Moreover, the mobile app is free and can be used without internet connection. ConclusionsA free mobile app was developed to calculate vancomycin dosage regimens for inpatients. This tool assists to optimize the vancomycin dosing, contributing to the antimicrobial stewardship.

SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND YOUTH

The struggle against social inequalities in Brazil has been the center of analysis in several areas of knowledge. Scholars, public managers, researchers, and public policymakers strive to diagnose and implement measures to reduce inequalities in the Brazilian context. Among the multiple forms of manifestation of such inequalities, the social markers of gender, race, and social class are the most investigated. However, color or race occupies a central space in most of the debates given the process of the socio-historical constitution of Brazil. In this debate, besides the aspects that are related to the Brazilian development process characteristics, whose dynamics have produced erasures and silencing throughout the country's history, black youth are among those included. As a consequence, the partial inclusion of the black, brown, or indigenous populations in this process has translated into higher levels of economic and social vulnerability, with greater incidence in some communities. The present reflection analyzes the impact of the social racial marker among the black Brazilian youth. The bibliographical-investigative methodological procedure is used.

And who cares for the caregivers in times of the deadly COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian context?

The goal of this article is to reflect on the value that care and caring currently assumes in the context of Brazilian health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Some denialist narratives served to transform doctors and nurses into public enemies, who often began to be harassed. The collected data were based on government documents, scientific articles and current information from journalistic media, aiming to deepen reflection on the issue of the need for recognition of the professional and humanised role of health caregivers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Editorial: Os Profissionais de Segurança Pública como Sujeitos de Direitos - políticas públicas, qualidade de vida e democracia

The relations between the idea of the human rights political project and the public security policies planned by the political class and enforced by the police institutions have serious tensions that represent obstacles to realizing the rule of law. One of the main challenges of this relationship is comprehending that public security agents are not only social actors who are responsible for the front line of realization of human rights, but also subjects of human rights, considering that they integrate the same society to which their work is destined. This article discusses some data on violence against police officers and their health issues, analyzing it from the point of view of the relationship between public security policies and human rights, in order to think if these professionals consider themselves integrated into the society to which their work is destined and, at the same time, are considered like that by the citizens. This article analyses the consequences of these perceptions in face of the realization of the rule of law, particularly in the Brazilian context of re-democratization, after the 1988 constitution.

Application of Walkability Index for Older Adults' Health in the Brazilian Context: The Case of Vitória-ES, Brazil.

This study follows up on the article ‘Walkability Index for Elderly Health: A Proposal’, published in 2020, as well its validation in the Historic Center of Porto, published in 2021. The 2020 article presented the theoretical and methodological bases relating qualities of public spaces, the walkability of older adults, and the direct benefits on health. The 2021 article validated the applicability of the index in the Historic Center of Porto, Portugal. Both articles incorporated the factor ‘slope’, solving a criticism evidenced in related literature about the slope being ignored in older adults’ walking conditions studies. The present study, however, aims to validate the conceptual design of the Walkability Index for Elderly Health (WIEH) in the Brazilian context at the historic center of Vitória. The methodology included the analysis and evaluation of public spaces regarding the pedestrian network—urban fabric, urban scene, and safety—and the presence of slopes and/or stairways. Subsequently, these spaces were classified according to the WIEH, ascertaining their level of adequacy for older adults’ walkability. The results show that paths friendly to older adults are rare and that the problems encountered focus primarily on the low quality of the pedestrian network and not on the existence of slopes and stairways.

Effects of Living Conditions, Political Orientation, and Empathy on Behaviors and Attitudes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Study in the Brazilian Context

For a year now, the world has been facing the pandemic of COVID-19, which has affected many sectors of society in an unprecedented proportion. The main objective of this paper was to investigate whether there are relationships between empathy, prosocial behavior, and adherence to measures to fight COVID-19 in a sample of Brazilian participants. Results point to the influence of education, living conditions, political orientation, and empathy on the adoption of measures to contain the virus, and on personal impressions regarding the disease. Specifically, participants with more years of education, with better conditions of practice social distancing, and those who identified themselves as leftist or center-leftist were more favourable to adopting virus containment measures and to practicing physical distancing. Higher levels of empathy were also associated to more positive attitudes concerning those measures. It is argued that political polarization and divergences between discourses by scientists, health authorities, politicians, and the Brazilian rulers may be reinforcing the perception of division in society. This, in turn, inhibits the building of a collectivistic view concerning COVID-19, which would be crucial to cope with the pandemic.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43076-021-00130-x.

Pandemic Religion in Brazil—Temptation and Responsibility

Religious incidence in Brazilian public space is a widespread fact that has been gaining new visibility in pandemic times. Responsibility in liminal situations represents specific theological hermeneutics, as well as what matters for the respective religious agents. Thus, based on a bibliographical review connected to an analysis of websites, this article aims to reflect on the current Brazilian context, the challenges to doing theology in Brazil today and points to some possible responses. “Pandemic religion”, as we call it, is the synthesis of theologies and religious practices that legitimise irresponsible approaches to life, vulnerabilising the other instead of assuming care-based ethics. Firstly, we briefly describe current theological trends, followed by an analysis of the Brazilian scenario by way of three representative scenes of public religious incidence that reflect a lack of responsibility in view of the pandemic challenges caused by COVID-19. Subsequently, we look back into history for alternative responses to public health crises that required theological positioning. In a Brazilian perspective of a public theology, we finally reflect on a responsible ethics that may help respond to the current challenges, particularly for pandemic religion.

The foundations of Bolsonaro's support: Exploring the psychological underpinnings of political polarization in Brazil

AbstractThe election of the far‐right populist Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 Brazilian Presidential election was a major turning point in the history of the country and arguably part of a worldwide trend toward a form of ‘authoritarian populism’. The present study was conducted to explore psychological factors that may contribute to the appeal of a polarizing figure such as Bolsonaro, in particular, to determine whether measures of various ‘Moral Foundations’ or ‘Social Dominance Orientation’ (SDO) could best predict voting behaviour in the 2018 election. Given the cultural and economic context in Brazil, measures of religiosity and personal relative deprivation were included as additional potential explanatory variables. An online survey of 325 people from Brazil found that Bolsonaro voters scored higher on the ‘binding’ (Loyalty, Authority, Purity/Sanctity) and lower on the ‘individualizing’ (Care, Fairness) Moral Foundations than voters for the candidate of the left, Fernando Haddad. Moreover, Bolsonaro voters scored higher than Haddad voters on SDO and religiosity. When the various social, moral and religious measures were considered simultaneously in a binary logistic regression, it was endorsement of right‐wing authoritarian ideologies (SDO and the Authority Moral Foundation), rather than lack of endorsement of individualizing Moral Foundations that best distinguished Bolsonaro voters.

From SARS to COVID-19: lessons we should have learned (but we did not)

In 2002, a severe acute respiratory (SARS) epidemic, caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV), affected a significant number of countries and was interrupted after one year, approximately. Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a concern for the whole world, and the end of the pandemic does not appear near. In this article, we briefly discussed the lessons learned by the countries which fought the SARS epidemic and which had succeeded in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. We also discussed some of the main points that resulted in failures to handle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the Brazilian context, we observed that the federal government delayed the necessary measures to be taken, has been less transparent to disclose health data, neglected the facemask usage mandates and refused the COVID-19 vaccine offerings. Despite the previous coronavirus outbreaks, we are suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic because we did not learn with SARS.

Motivations for collaborative consumption of consumer goods: scale validation for the fashion context in Brazil

Significant changes in the fashion industry have been discussed in recent years in the search for sustainability. Collaborative consumption is part of sustainable fashion macro trends, functioning as a consumption alternative that reduces the environmental impacts of the industry by proposing the life extension of the clothes through reuse. This type of consumption has been discussed in the marketing literature and gained popularity in recent years. This research aims to validate a scale of motivations for collaborative consumption of consumer goods in the context of collaborative fashion consumption (CFC) in Brazil. We conducted a survey online through online questionnaires to validate the scale in the fashion context. For that, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis. Results show that the scale in the Brazilian CFC context seems to be more consistent if composed of four dimensions (concern-for-sustainability, social, variety-seeking, and cost-saving), three items in each dimension, totaling 12 items.

Front-of-pack nutrition labels: perceptions and preferences of Brazilian adult consumers

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the perceptions and preferences of Brazilian adult consumers about four different front-of-pack (FOP) food labeling systems proposed by the Brazilian National Health Regulatory Agency.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative study conducted with 33 participants allocated in six focus groups. Four different types of FOP labels were displayed on processed and packaged bread: three interpretive warning labels (black triangle, black octagon and red ellipse) and a hybrid model (nutritional traffic light). Thematic analysis was used to identify the key topics addressed by participants.FindingsThree topics were identified: label design, clarity and precision of information. The results demonstrated an influence of labels on product development and consumers' food choices. Most participants expressed a preference for black warning labels and reported the importance of statements endorsed by the Ministry of Health, which provide credibility and could influence food choices. Furthermore, participants agreed that the traffic light system provides more information but is difficult to interpret when comparing products. Warning labels were reported to have the greatest influence on purchase decisions. However, participants were concerned about how to understand the lack of warning labels on some products.Practical implicationsThe results may help and support the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency to identify and recommend the most effective FOP labeling system to be adopted in Brazil.Originality/valueFew studies investigating adult consumers' perceptions of different FOP label formats have been conducted in the Brazilian context. Our study contributes to the small pool of evidence on the topic by demonstrating that FOP labels can be helpful for consumers when they are presented in an intuitive, interpretative and trustworthy format.

Assessment of land use relations and the sustainability of agricultural systems: considering different views to foster social learning

ABSTRACT Soil degradation creates diverse problems across varying dimensions, including food and water insecurity as well as greater vulnerability to climate change especially in Brazil. This uncover the complexity of land use as well as the challenges to asses it. In this article, a multiple case study is presented. Results obtained from three surveys using the IQRM method are discussed to assess the extent to which agricultural land is capable of supporting the uses and management adopted by farmers. When inferring about the degree of adequacy of land use and management, IQRM makes it possible to indicate situations that deserve greater attention because they demonstrate a need for improvements or because they represent references of good environmental performance in a given context. The method IQRM integrated different kinds of knowledge in land use assessment. It is a crucial factor to foster social learning processes and sustainability in the Brazilian context.

Internal consistency of the Sport Motivation Scale-II Questionnaire in the Brazilian context: potentialities and limitations

Aim: The purpose of this paper was to analyze the internal consistency of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) questionnaire based on three studies with sports practitioners in the Brazilian college context. Methods: All the three studies i) were carried out with students enrolled in higher education and engaged in sports training by their institution (n1 = 304; n2 = 441; n3 = 310); ii) used SMS-II as an instrument for data collection; iii) used the online procedure for data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed and Cronbach's Alpha (α), McDonald's Omega (Ω), and the correlation between items were used to assess internal consistency. Results: As potentialities, five dimensions of the SMS-II presented high values of internal reliability (α and Ω > 0.60). As a limitation, the dimension of introjected regulation showed low reliability (α and Ω < 0.40) in the three studies conducted by our group. The exclusion of item 16 enabled an increase in alpha, but without achieving satisfactory reliability in Study 1 (α = 0.46) and Study 2 (α = 0.31). In Study 3, the exclusion of item 7 improved the internal reliability of the dimension (α = 0.43) also without reaching satisfactory values of internal consistency. It was not possible to identify a problematic item, given that each item had a different influence in the three studies. Conclusion: We found good values of validity and internal consistency for the Brazilian version of the SMS-II. However, we suggest attention to the introjected regulation dimension when using the instrument in the Brazilian college context.

Educação interprofessional na formação em saúde no Brasil: scoping review

Abstract: Introduction: Interprofessional education (IPE) can be used to improve health care by promoting opportunities for students to develop competencies for teamwork, collaborative practice and comprehensive care. However, the effects of IPE implementation in the Brazilian context need to be explored. Objective: To map the Brazilian scientific production on the learning of students attending health courses in the context of IPE, challenges and advances for educators and management. Method: A scoping review was carried out to answer the following question: How does student learning occur in formative processes that use the IPE approach from the viewpoint of students, educators and managers? The search took place in the Web of Science databases, Capes, Scopus and Virtual Health Library, using the descriptor/keyword “interprofessional education.” Publications were searched from 2010 to 2020, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, of which Brazil was the country of publication or origin of the study. We identified 145 studies; 53 were duplicated, 92 were analyzed, and 28 comprised the final sample. The findings were organized into “IPE from the student’s perspective,”; “ IPE from the educators’ perspective,”; “Advances and challenges in teaching and health management,”; “Recommendations for IPE in the Brazilian context.” Results: The target audience involved students, residents, facilitators and health staff, totaling 2,886 participants. Learning according to the IPE allows the student to recognize the integrality of patient care and the SUS as the guide of health actions. The facilitator is relevant in developing collaborative work but has little pedagogical training, motivation, and institutional support. Management understands IPE as a complementary tool, supporting other Brazilian politician reforms, but efforts are needed to promote teaching-service-community integration and endorse the integrated curriculum. Conclusion: By mapping IPE, it was identified that the studies are aligned with the SUS to transform the training and qualification of care, demonstrating the potential of IPE for health curricula. Student learning, mediated by interprofessionality, has facilitated the development of the competencies required to meet the DCNs and the needs of the SUS, despite the various challenges faced by the students, educators and management.

Technical Note 6 - Applicability aerobic granular sludge technology in the Brazilian context

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is currently considered one of the most promising technologies for biological wastewater treatment. This fact is mainly due to the combined removal of organic matter and nutrients in the same reactor, eliminating secondary settlers, making it one of the most compact technology on the market. However, there are several reports of problems, including: (i) instability of the granular biomass; (ii) long start-up periods due to slow granule formation, especially when using sewage with a low concentration of organic matter; (iii) accumulation of nitrite in the final effluent; (iv) high demand for automation; and (v) operational process not yet fully established. Thus, despite considerable advances in sewage treatment with AGS systems and the increase in the number of full-scale sewage treatment plants (STPs) in several countries around the world, an integrated assessment of its application in Brazil is necessary. This technical note aims to present the state-of-the-art of AGS system, as well as to bring up a more in-depth discussion, in the Brazilian context, on the need or not to adopt it, and in what situations it should be implemented to replace other sewage treatment technologies with greater mastery of national engineering and usual lower investment and operating costs.

Nursing Process in the Brazilian context: reflection on its concept and legislation.

to reflect on the global understanding of the Nursing Process concept, with emphasis on the Brazilian context. a reflection article, aligned with the vision and expertise of researchers who are members of the Nursing Process Research Network. the reflection is presented in two main topics: The evolution of Systematization of Nursing Care X Nursing Process concepts and its consonance with national and international practices, and Brazilian legislation; The Nursing Process concept realignment in Brazilian legislation in line with current care, teaching and research practices. Final Considerations: the reflections were oriented to the Nursing Process' conceptual, normative and legal issues, including elements of its historical evolution, and, with that, pointed to the need to modify the Brazilian regulation on the Nursing Process.

Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS): discrete and regression-based norms for the Brazilian context.

The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) has been recently developed as a brief, practical, and feasible tool for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to provide continuous and discrete normative values for the BICAMS in the Brazilian context. Normatization was achieved using six hundred and one healthy controls from the community assessed at five Brazilian geopolitical regions. Mean raw scores, T scores, percentiles, and Z scores for each BICAMS measure are provided, stratified by age and educational level. Regression-based norms were provided by converting raw scores to scaled scores, which were regressed on age, gender, and education, yielding equations that can be used to calculate the predicted scores. Regression analyses revealed that age, gender, and education significantly influenced test results, as in previous studies. The normative data of the BICAMS to the Brazilian context presented good representativeness, improving its use in daily clinical practice.

Exploring Commuters’ Behaviour to Address Sustainability Challenge in Transportation: The Context of Brazil

Exploring Commuters’ Behaviour to Address Sustainability Challenge in Transportation: The Context of Brazil