Brazilian Context Research Articles

Oportunidades e desafios para uma abordagem translíngue no ensino de língua inglesa no Brasil

Abstract: In this article we reflect upon the opportunities for and challenges to the implementation of a translingual approach in three different ELT contexts in Brazil, based on three autoethnographic accounts. The first account was written by an English teacher in early childhood bilingual education; the second, by an undergraduate English language and literature student and English teacher working in a private language school; the third, by a university professor in an English language and literature undergraduate course. In spite of their differences in terms of target audience, available resources for meaning production and ecological features in general, there seems to be a monolingual orientation pervading the three contexts. Despite the many challenges posed by this monolingual bias, which reflects the coloniality of power (MIGNOLO, 2000) and linguistic imperialism (PHILLIPSON, 1993, , 2009), the three authors believe in the importance of creating translingual spaces (GARCÍA; WEI, 2014) where students can negotiate their linguistic and cultural differences. This belief is grounded in the fact that in each context opportunities for translingual practices could be found and created.

Content validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21.

to cross-culturally adapt and assess the content validity evidence of the Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21 for the Brazilian context. a psychometric study of cross-cultural adaptation, covering the stages of translation, reconciliation, back-translation, intercultural equivalence assessment and content validity evidence analysis, considering Content Validity Ratio parameters in breast cancer survivors. the translations were equivalent to the original version. Colloquial expressions were modified, tense, verbal adjusted, and two items containing multiple commands were separated. The final version now contains 22 items, presenting semantic, conceptual, idiomatic and experimental equivalences. The pre-test indicated good understanding and ease in the response process. the final version was defined as "Lista de verificação de sintomas cognitivos relacionados ao trabalho - 22 itens", showing good linguistic equivalence and strong evidence of content validity in the Brazilian context.

Theoretical procedures of the cross-cultural adaptation process of the Child Mania Rating Scale - Parent Version (CMRS-P) for the Brazilian context.

To describe the theoretical procedures employed in the process of cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) for Brazil of the Child Mania Rating Scale - Parent Version (CMRS-P). Seven steps were carried out: (1) translations and synthesis; (2) Committee of Judges-I; (3) grammatical review; (4) Committee of Judges-II; (5) semantic analysis (pre-test); (6) back-translation; and (7) discussion with the authors of the original instrument. Participants were two professional translators, 14 experts, a grammar proofreader, and 21 parents/guardians, representatives of the target population. The results were analyzed in terms of the percentage of agreement between evaluators and the content validity coefficient (CVC) and by analysis of comments and suggestions. Grammatical and cultural adjustments were made, in addition to substitution and/or inclusion of words and examples. Adequacy agreement indexes exceeding 86% were achieved and the CVC result for the total scale was excellent (0.95). The pre-test indicated good acceptance and understanding by participants. The proposed version proved to be promising for use in the Brazilian context, although further psychometric studies are still needed to prove the scale's validity and reliability.

Information Literacy, fake news and disinformation: research analysis in the Brazilian context

Resumo: Foram analisadas as principais abordagens e autores das produções sobre Competência em Informação relacionadas à fake news e desinformação indexadas nas bases de dados Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações CAPES até 2021. O corpus de análise se constituiu de 32 itens. O estudo demonstra uma tendência crescente da quantidade de publicações sobre a temática a partir de 2018. Em relação ao conteúdo, as publicações foram agrupadas em sete categorias e a categoria com a maior quantidade de trabalhos abrange questões relacionadas à informação e saúde no contexto das fake news e desinformação sob o viés da Competência em Informação. Evidenciou-se o cunho complexo em relação às abordagens distintas da Competência em Informação no tratamento dos fenômenos igualmente complexos de desinformação e fake news, revelando que é uma temática de estudo emergente na área, contribuindo de através de estudos teóricos e aplicados a diferentes grupos, para a mitigação dos efeitos das fake news e da desinformação.

Adaptação transcultural da versão brasileira do Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for use in the Brazilian context. Methods Independent translations into Portuguese of the original version and respective back-translations into English were performed. The steps were evaluated by an expert committee and the translated version was applied in a group of both genders, of different ages and education. Results After suggested modifications in the translation processes, the expert committee considered that the translated and adapted version presented conceptual and semantic equivalence. The translated version was applied to a sample of twenty people and only one question related to the amount of fat in the food required a new round to obtain understanding and clarity. Conclusion We present an adapted version of Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for the Brazilian context, which has adequate conceptual, cultural, and semantic equivalence, being objective and comparable to the original version. Future studies should confirm clarity, reliability, and validity.

Aproximação ao acordo sobre a sentença (Verständigung) no processo penal alemão: história, controvérsias e estado atual

This article provides an overview of the most relevant aspects of Verständigung in German Criminal Procedure Law. This legal institute regulates agreements between the court, the defendant, and the prosecutor, with the main objective of expediting the procedure by exchanging the defendant’s confession for a mitigation in the punishment. In the first section, the text addresses historical aspects of criminal deals in Germany, such as the public disclosure of its informal existence, the main decisions of higher courts, and the legal regulation of this kind of agreement. Next, it presents a summary of the main arguments in favor and against the institute, mainly those based on procedural principles and maxims recognized by the German law doctrine. Subsequently, the currently applicable regulatory framework is analyzed. Finally, the paper briefly assesses how the study of criminal agreements in German Law can contribute to the criminal policy discussion about deals in other countries, focusing on the Brazilian context.

Physical, psycho/moral and sexual violence in the brazilian context

Physical, psycho/moral and sexual violence in the brazilian context

Social Challenge Stressors Scale: Psychometric Validation and Application in the Brazilian Context

Social Challenge Stressors Scale: Psychometric Validation and Application in the Brazilian Context

Análise fatorial confirmatória do Inventário de Estilos Intelectuais – Revisado 2: amostra do Ensino Médio

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to test, using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis model, the factor structure proposed in the Intellectual Styles Inventory – Revised 2. Methods: The study involved the participation of 1,556 High School students with a mean age of 16 years and 4 months (SD = 1.17). Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used and the model was based on the structure of 46 items distributed in nine dimensions, having demonstrated good rates of fit and accuracy. It was verified that the model originally indicated by the scientific literature was not confirmed in the Brazilian context, being proposed modifications that bring the current model closer to the national reality. Conclusion: There was an adjustment in the estimates of the parameters used, and stability and generality can be considered in the way the model was organized.

Preparação financeira para aposentadoria: análise multidimensional da percepção dos brasileiros

ABSTRACT This article aims to assess the perception of financial preparation for retirement in the non-retired Brazilian population. Also, it seeks to identify how socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral variables influence financial preparation for retirement. This study advances by using a multidimensional measure of financial preparation for retirement in a comprehensive sample of Brazilians, bringing significant contributions to the implementation of new public policies for the most vulnerable groups. Identifying the level of financial preparation for retirement and the most vulnerable groups is key for a better understanding of the impact of social security and retirement on the lives of Brazilian citizens. In the Brazilian context, the Financial Preparation for Retirement Scale (FPRS) makes it possible to assess the public policies designed and it serves as a parameter for them to be reformulated, with a view to improving financial preparation for retirement in the most vulnerable groups. This is a survey, with 2,920 respondents from all Brazilian regions. The analysis techniques consisted in descriptive statistics, association test, and multiple regression analysis. Most Brazilians show low or very low financial preparation for retirement. It has been identified that 3 out of 4 Brazilians stop to think about how much they would need to save for their retirement. Despite being able to carry out some financial planning for retirement, most Brazilians cannot have good future expectations and savings behavior. Women, young people, divorced/separated persons, black persons, individuals with up to complete elementary education, borrowed housing, unemployed, with a gross monthly family income of up to R$ 1,100.00 and having 4 or more dependent persons constitute the profile of citizens less capable of dealing with financial preparation for retirement.

Agenda de pesquisa em programas de pós-graduação (stricto sensu) na temática Educação em Saúde no período 2015-2019

ABSTRACT This study aimed to systematize the academic production related to the theme Health Education, developed in graduate programs from Brazil. For operational reasons, the four-year period 2015-2019 was chosen, by the same period in which Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel evaluate the graduate programs. The systematization process was carried out between the months of August and December 2020, using the technique of integrative review in order to the inclusion and exclusion of documents concerning the objective of the study. The data indicate that the area of Education had a very low performance from the point of view of the production of thesis and dissertations, when compared to the areas of Nursing, for example. It is possible to indicate a distance from the area of Education in relation to the theme Health Education. It is concluded, therefore, that the focal theme of this study is weakly influenced and/or has a weak contribution from education, which can constitute an important deficit for the development of the theme Health Education in the Brazilian context.

Institucionalizando mercados: uma proposta de agenda de pesquisa

Abstract This article contributes to the literature that establishes a conversation between institutional theory and marketing by focusing on a topic of growing interest: market institutionalization. It suggests a research agenda related to legitimacy, institutional logic, contested markets, and market spatiality. This agenda explains under-researched topics and suggests future studies to refine knowledge about market institutionalization. We also highlight types of markets to be investigated, such as legal weapons, jogo do bicho (an illegal Brazilian gambling game), sports betting, xenotransplant, fossil fuel cars, beef consumption, marijuana, and edible insects. In these markets, institutionalization is still unclear. Therefore, the theorization about the formation and transformation of these markets can further our knowledge about them. Finally, this article argues that the Brazilian context is fertile to research these topics, either analyzing it on its own or with other spatial contexts. It concludes by suggesting that the topic and research questions suggested here enable a richer conversation between institutional theory and marketing. Moreover, it can advance our understanding of the institutionalization of different types of contemporaneous markets.

Remembrance and oblivion in vaccine development and vaccination coverage rates in Brazil: addressing vaccinology based on the One Health perspective

Lack of funds or interest from industry delays vaccine development. In 2016, a SARS vaccine was listed among the top ten in Research & Development (R&D), but this and several other vaccines were "put in a freezer" for different reasons. This can have devastating public health consequences when a pandemic such as COVID-19 emerges. In Brazil, vaccine coverage rates have dropped significantly in recent times, facilitating the reemergence of diseases that were "forgotten" by the Brazilian population. In past years, Brazil was considered by the international community as a good example and model concerning mass immunization programs. These achievements need to be remembered and rescued as a public health strategy. Investing in vaccine R&D is fundamental to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, this action must be integrated into a broader strategy considering the prevention of emerging diseases by maintaining ecosystems' function and preserving human, animal and environmental health (One Health perspective). Otherwise, advances in vaccine R&D will be constantly overtaken by the emergence of new disease outbreaks. Discussion on how to accelerate vaccine development and licensure is still needed, and the One Health perspective can help us to face emerging health challenges. These and other critical points involving vaccine-related issues are addressed in this article, with a focus on the Brazilian context. Finally, some solutions to deal with these problems are suggested.

The regulation of motherhood, care agreements and generations in your times: ethnographic notes about mothers and daughters from the Brazilian context (1970-2020)

Resumo Este artigo se dispõe a refletir sobre as regulações dos modos de maternar às quais mulheres de diferentes gerações de uma mesma família estiveram expostas nas últimas décadas no contexto brasileiro. Para isso, explora narrativas de mães e filhas; de forma a analisar o que contam sobre sua maternidade e sobre os discursos que as atravessaram em suas práticas. Parto da premissa de que a figura materna é moralizada através das ideias de gênero e de geração, que geram também desigualdades e resistências por parte daquelas que maternam. O material de campo foi produzido entre 2020 e 2022, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com mulheres urbanas e de classe média, que na época tinham entre 60-70 anos e 30-40 anos e eram de diversas regiões do Brasil. Obras literárias recentes, mais especificamente romances e ficções escritos por mulheres e sobre conflitos entre mães e filhas, funcionarão como pano de fundo que integra e também nos ajuda a interpretar os achados da pesquisa de campo. Para, ao final, tomando essas relações entre mulheres, podermos refletir sobre a atual conformação das ideias de geração, de pactos de cuidado e suas rupturas, bem como - por último - sobre de que formas as modulações da maternidade importam nesses processos.

ÓBITO POR AVC EM VÍTIMA SUSPEITA DE ESTUPRO: UM RELATO DE CASO

Introduction: Rape is a recurring crime in the Brazilian context. The police investigation on this felony requires the performance of forensic sexology, which, through the examination of the corpus delicti, is able to provide evidence about this heinous crime. The objective of the present study is to report a case of a death by stroke in a victim of suspected rape. Material and method: This is a qualitative and descriptive clinical case study, whose data collection took place through analysis of the expert report coming from the Thanatology Nucleus of the Legal Medicine Coordination of the Forensic Expertise of Canindé. Resultados: Female victim, 64 years old, brown, referred to the service for suspicious death, with a history of possible rape confessed by her son. On examination, voluminous intracranial bleeding and absence of apparent signs of trauma and recent sexual violence or sexual intercourse were evidenced. The analysis of material from vaginal and rectal swabs found only the presence of genetic material from the victim himself. Discussion: Upon expert examination, the suspicion of rape by the victim’s son was ruled out, demanding an analysis of the suspect’s psychological state, in order to justify his implausible confession. In addition, it was found that the victim’s death resulted from a hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: Thus, the forensic examination of forensic evidence is relevant, which contributes to the clarification of suspected cases and to the reliability of epidemiological data regarding rape. Keywords: Rape, Legal Medicine, Stroke.

A internacionalização da Educação Superior do Brasil na área da Educação

Abstract The study aims to analyze the Internationalization of Higher Education in Brazil through Capes scholarships in the Education area to study abroad between 1998 and 2020. The number of scholarships granted by Capes and available in Geocapes was used and the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics via SPSS 20.0 software. The results show the increase in the number of institutions and scholarship holders abroad over the years, mainly in the Global North countries, as well as its decline after Science Without Borders program. It is questionable whether Brazil’s current role is to seek to join large research networks or be a protagonist in the development of highly qualified human resources training and research. It is emphasized that the former does not exclude the latter, although the former seems to be much more emphasized, at least in the Brazilian context.

Translation, Validity and Internal Consistency of the Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire for Brazilian families of patients that died from cancer: a cross-sectional and methodological study.

The Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire (QoDD) may prove to be an important evaluation tool in the Brazilian context, and, therefore, can contribute to a more precise evaluation of the dying and death process, improving and guiding the end-of-life patient care. To translate and cross-culturally adapt the QoDD into Brazilian Portuguese and measure its validity (convergent and known-groups) and internal consistency. A cross-sectional, methodological study was conducted at the Hospital de Câncer de Barretos, Brazil. A total of 78 family caregivers participated in this study. Semantic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences were evaluated using the content validity index. The construct validity was assessed through convergent validation and known groups analysis [presence of family members at the place of death; feel at peace with dying; and place of death (hospital versus home; hospital versus Palliative Care)]. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and presented evidence of a clear understanding of its content. Cronbach's alpha values were ≥ 0.70, except for the domains of treatment preference (α = 0.686) and general concerns (α = 0.599). The convergent validity confirmed a part of the previously hypothesized correlations between the Palliative Care Outcome Scale-Brazil (POS-Br) total scores and the QoDD domain scores. The QoDD-Br domains could distinguish the patients who died in palliative care and general wards. The QoDD-Br is a culturally adapted valid instrument, and may be used to assess the quality of death of cancer patients.

A roda da escravidão moderna: uma nova abordagem teórica

Abstract A few research papers on modern slavery have outlined how this phenomenon flourishes and persists despite institutional pressures against inhumane practices. In order to analyze slavery from an institutional perspective and answer the question of the main factors in the institutional field that sustain modern slavery, qualitative data were collected in the Brazilian context, where the country is widely recognized for its significant actions against modern slavery practices. This study draws on primary and secondary data collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation at conferences, as well as content analysis of documents using NVivo software. The study suggests that certain contextual conditions legitimize organizational practices of formal and informal firms, called institutional deflection. As a contribution to modern slavery management patterns, this article presents the “modern slavery wheel” based on the results of a dynamic cycle that incorporates and systematizes the elements that support the phenomenon. Wheel mechanisms such as favorite conditioning, recurrence, enticement, and truck system seem to contribute to modern slavery practices and their maintenance over time. Moreover, we suggest that these same components may also contribute to breaking the modern slavery wheel

Notas sobre vitivinicultura e Economia Circular no contexto de acirramento das mudanças climáticas

Abstract This article addresses the Circular Economy within the scope of wine growing from an interdisciplinary perspective. Conceiving wine as a cultural, social, and economic item resulting from progressively elaborate techniques, the text highlights the transformation of wine into a product of big business. Wine’s dependence on environmental factors, and association with various negative environmental impacts, particularly the increasing production of waste are discussed. The article presents how the need to control these impacts is growing in various contexts, mainly because of the intensification of climate change. It also examines how the notion of circular economy has become a guiding axis for the reconfiguration of this field, both in terms of mitigating its impacts and exploring other potentials related to wine production. Focusing on the Brazilian context, it presents the peculiarities of local grape and wine production and the advancement of research based on the management of solid waste. In parallel, it points to obstacles that arise in the implementation of greater circularity in this field.

Higher Education in Brazil: Retrospective, current challenges and looking ahead

Abstract Higher Education has become an increasingly competitive field, and knowledge, its essence, has become a global commodity. Consequently, universities all over the world have been under pressure to respond to growing new demands quickly, dynamically and creatively. In the Brazilian context, overcoming the challenges that these Higher Education institutions face requires a significant effort to adapt and change, especially by public universities. In this essay we analyze the main challenges of Brazilian Higher Education institutions, especially those resulting from the Coronavirus crisis. We focus on challenges such as quality of Higher Education, funding and academic management. To this end, we explore some of the main changes that Higher Education institutions have undergone over time. We also highlight some alternative paths for those challenges, including reflections on opportunities that have arisen following the pandemic.