Branches Of Agriculture Research Articles

РОЗВИТОК СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА ТА ЙОГО РОЛЬ У ФОРМУВАННІ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ОДЕСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Employment in rural areas is formed by the production and activities of various industries. The main institution of employment formation is agriculture, where more than half of the population of rural areas is employed. The increase in labor productivity in agricultural enterprises of the Odesa region does not have a decreasing effect on the level of employment in agarian production in the region. The key factor in reducing the number of people employed in the public sector of agricultural production in Odesa is the decrease in the number of economic entities.
 The purpose of this article is to study of the peculiarities of the development of agriculture in the Odesa region. In order to achieve the defined goal and in accordance with the logic of scientific research, the following tasks were set: determination of the share of the main districts of Odesa region in the structure of agricultural production in the region, analysis of the level of population employment in the main branches of agriculture.
 In the structure of agricultural enterprises of the Odesa region, farms are the dominant organizational and legal form of business; in the reporting period, their share was 73.6%. However, the absolute and relative indicators of the number of farms are decreasing over the past 7 years, their absolute number has decreased by almost 1,000 units from 4,038 in 2014 to 3081 in 2020. Along with agricultural enterprises, an equally important employer that belongs to the category of agrarian entrepreneurship and complements the relevant institution of employment are rural households (households of the population).
 The functioning and development of employment institutes in rural areas of the Odesa region is a complex and multifaceted process. It depends on many conditions and factors: territorial location of the united community; branch structure of social production and local economic traditions; the number of economic entities, primarily those that use hired labor; sex-age structure of the population; the distance to the nearest urban settlements and the number of vacant jobs in them; the level of self-organization of the residents of the united community, their readiness to take an active part in ensuring the socio-economic development of the rural territory belonging to them; qualitative characteristics of local self-government bodies, the effectiveness of their management functions, the initiative of heads of territorial communities.

The Influence of Wet Feed pH on the Growth of Tenebrio molitor Larvae

For optimal growth, Tenebrio molitor needs both dry feed and wet feed. Storing dry feed is not a problem, but storing wet feed over a prolonged period is more challenging due to spoilage. It could be stored in a refrigerated room, but this process is energy consuming and therefore increases the price of production. Another option is to ferment the feed, as is done regularly in other branches of agriculture. No energy is needed, and the feed remains stable due to low pH levels. In this study, we assessed the growth of mealworm larvae fed with wheat bran and agar-agar gel. Different treatments received agar-agar gel of a specific pH, varying between 3 and 9 in increments of one pH unit, resulting in seven assessed pH values. The average weight of the larvae was determined every week until maximum weight was achieved. Mealworms at harvest grown at the lowest pH (3.02) were on average 8.1% lighter than their counterparts grown at higher pH levels. However, within ranges that could realistically occur in a mealworm production setting (pH > 3.5), no significant differences were found. In conclusion, fermentation can be used to store mealworm wet feed, without pH having a detrimental effect on mealworm growth.

Cooperative relations in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan: directions of development and organizational support measures

The aim is to consider agricultural cooperation development in the country, the potential for effective promotion of this process, trends in the spread of marketing services, preparation of financial and accounting reports, public and local administration. Methods – quantitative and effective indicators are obtained on the basis of observation and collection of facts, comparative analysis and synthesis, and a systematic approach. Results – directions and main tasks of expanding cooperative relations in agricultural sector of the republic, the role of cooperation in providing conditions for unification of agricultural producers who have set themselves the goal of improving their economic and social situation; distribution of cooperative entrepreneurship; implementation of the social function through creation of jobs, guaranteed level of income; reducing the dependence of the domestic market on external factors; protecting the interests of economic entities; providing the population with the opportunity to purchase high-quality and relatively cheap goods. Conclusions – the author notes that it is necessary to implement new effective programs on creation of agricultural cooperatives at the state and local levels; using their capabilities in establishing an effective supply chain to the end consumer. Cooperation acts as one of the stabilizers of market economy, maintaining social balance, and serves as the basis for organizational and structural restructuring of agricultural production. In market economy, the activities of cooperating farms largely depend on their relationships with other branches of agriculture, which provide them with material and technical means and services, provide processing of their products, and sell them. As the experience of developed countries shows, the potential of agricultural cooperation contributes to the sustainable and balanced development of agricultural sector and ensuring food security.

Quality and categories of raw milk

Milk is one of the oldest foods in the human diet, and as such, it has been used since ancient times. It is one of the most important and most meaningful food, because it serves to reproduce the species. It didn't take to much time to the man to see this and use the fresh milk of mammals for his diet. The milk contains many nutrients, among them proteins, calcium, vitamins B2, and B12, phosphorus and potassium stand out. Nowadays, approximately 82% of the milk production in the world is produced by cows and the other 18% of buffalos, goats, sheeps and camels. Other rare milk animals are yaks, horses, reindeer and donkeys. The presence and importance of each species varies significantly between regions and countries. The key elements to be determined by the dairy species held are food, water and climate. Other factors that may affect the presence of dairy species are market demand, nutritional habits and socio-economic characteristics of individual domains. Milk is processed in order to obtain dairy products which are more durable, have higher nutritional value and collate the milk offer, and they include cheese, yogurt, butter, condensed milk, milk powder and ice cream. In the 10-year period (1990‒ 2000), the total world production of all types of milk had increased for 5,67% and it was 568.480.000 tonnes in 2000. Up to 2018, the total world milk production increased for 48% compared to 2000 by reaching 841.840.000 tonnes. In 2019, the world's milk production remained on a stable path of growth of more than 2%. Production in the region with a lack of milk, in Asia and other dairy markets, is highlighted by strong local demand growth, as well as on average affordable milk prices. The second growth factor is the production of buffalo milk, which has an annual growth rate of 4,0% in the period 2010-2019, which is higher than twice the growth rate of cow's milk (1,9%) This consistently higher increase in buffalo milk production caused increasing share of buffalo milk in world milk production from 8% in 1990 and 13% from 2010 to a level of 15% in 2019. The first ten countries in the world with the most consumed and processed milk per capita are in Europe, led by Finland, Sweden, and Holland. The region of former Yugoslavia is led by Montenegro, which ranks in the high level 6 in the world with 305 pounds [305 кг] of milk per capita in the year, which shows that an exceptionally small cattle fund and total milk production has no impact on its consumption. The production of fresh raw milk in Republika Srpska and BiH is one of the most important agricultural branches with the potential to be a stable backbone of agricultural and rural development. The importance of the dairy sector in BiH is reflected in the fact that dairy farming is among sectors with a major value of primary production of 300 million SGUs per year, a sector which is extremely important for the food security of the country, one of the most demanding in the standards to be met in the EU accession and the sector in which BiH has significant potential for further development. The number of dairy cows in the last decade has decreased in Republika Srpska by one third (32,4%). Thus, the significant reduction of dairy cows number led to a noticed drop in the amount of milk produced in Republika Srpska. For the period 2009‒2018, there was a reduction in the total quantity of milk produced by 25% or by 106 million litres per year. During the same period average milk production per dairy cow showed significant increase. In addition, a notable increase of the high milk quality share was recorded, i.e. milk that met all the conditions laid down by the rules. In 2016, such milk was 67.80% while 75.70% in 2000 (more than 95% in the developed countries).

Internet-based cattle health monitoring system using raspberry Pi

Cattle farming is one of the major branches of agriculture. People who grew and monitor cattle often don’t have just a few of them. Instead, they have many numbers of cows, horses, oxen, etc. When the number of cattle increases, it becomes tougher for the one who maintains the cattle to check up on their health individually. To resolve this issue, this study aims the development of an IoT system that is capable of monitoring the temperature and heartbeat rate of the sensor periodically. This is achieved using sensors like temperature sensors, heartbeat rate sensors, etc. It also uses software like ThingSpeak, Rasbian OS, etc. The temperature of the cattle is measured with a temperature sensor and transmitted to the raspberry pi. The heart rate sensor also sends data about the cattle's heartbeat rate to the pi. The GPS sends the cattle's latitude and longitude to the module. The information is then sent to the ThingSpeak software. The data collected by the sensors is displayed by ThingSpeak software. The data includes the temperature of the cow, the heartbeat rate of the cattle, and the latitude and longitude details of the cow.

Impact of Cashew Nut Trade Policy on Household and Government Revenues in Senegal: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model Analysis

The objective of this paper is to assess the medium and long term sectoral impacts of a trade policy on the cashew nut sector in Senegal. Thus we used the dynamic computable general equilibrium model which was inspired by the dynamic PEP model (PEP-1-t) developed by Decaluwé et al (2010) to simulate the impact of a 10% tax on raw cashew nut exports on the sectors of activity and on household and government income. The accounting framework of the model is the 2017 Senegal Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), from which we disaggregated the agricultural branch to isolate the cashew sector. The results of the simulation showed that a policy of taxing raw cashew nut exports from Senegal at a rate of 10% would have a negative impact in the medium and long term on the value added of the cashew nut sector, as it would decrease over the period 2017 to 2022. This decline would be explained by a drop in export demand for the product, which is linked to the sector's loss of competitiveness. On the other hand, this policy would benefit the other sectors, particularly the agricultural sector for which the value added would increase during the period. This policy would also negatively affect the income and savings of urban and rural households. However, the government would benefit from the measure since its income would increase over the period.

IMPORTANCE OF THE MAIN ACTIONS ON PRODUCING AND PROTECTING POTATO YIELD

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the agricultural crops, which is included in the main nutrition ration by taking into consideration that it consists of many nutritious elements and necessary for human organism. Therefore, the degree of using it as the second bread is increasing. If we consider today’s requirement it is obvious that potato products, which are being produced in agricultural branch, is not enough for the number of population and providing them using it as a food. However, different types of potato is at the place after grain crops according to sowing field, due to the fact that it is the type of crop, which has been planting in recent years, received yield is little. The main reason is that the scientific basis of creating potato types, which are suitable for agro climate conditions of the region, the most optimal sowing periods, used agrotechnical methods, was not fully made. Apart from this, there is a biotic factor that pests, which were adapted in the biotope of potato and widely spread in the agrobiocenosis, gather in the field, eat vegetative, generative organs of the plant, decrease the amount and quality of yield.

Role and significance of Belarusian Large White breed pigs in pig breeding in Belarus

The Belarusian Large White breed of pigs is characterized by high maternal performance, resistance, livability of young animals, their fattening and meat productivity. The breed is effectively used for commercial cross breeding with Yorkshire and Landrace pigs. The article contains the results of a comprehensive assessment of the Belarusian Large White breed pigs in terms of development and productivity. The subject of research was the active part of purebred herds of pigs of this breed raised at the following breeding enterprises: agricultural branch “SGC “Zadneprovsky” of JSC “Orsha bread products company”, JSC “SGC “Zarechye”, JSC “Breeding plant “Timonovo”, JSC “Krasnaya Buda”. The main method of working with the breed was the purebred line breeding. Individual selection of animals was carried out according to the main indicators of productivity, development and conformation. The group matching of boars and sows of the breed by reproductive performance was carried out on the basis of the valuation data of breeding enterprises. A comprehensive assessment of development and productivity of the Belarusian Large White pigs showed that on average, intrabreed adult boars aged 36 months had a live weight of 313.0 kg, a body length of 182.0 cm, and sows had a body length of 250.0 kg and 164.0 cm, respectively. Productivity indicators of sows from all controlled breeding herds were as follows: prolificacy – 10.2 heads, milkability (litter weight on the 21st day) – 52.1 kg, number of piglets at weaning – 9.5 heads. Based on a set of indicators, the progeny of boars of Drachun 90685 and Smyk 46706 lines (“SGC “Zadneprovsky”) have the best fattening and meat quality traits. On the basis of the research results obtained, the schemes of interlinear group matching of sows and boars of the Belarusian Large White breed at the breeding enterprises of the Republic were developed.

Features of the analysis of indicators of the development of poultry industry in dynamics

The importance of poultry farming as a branch of agriculture, designed to improve the supply of food to the population and ensure the food security of the country, is emphasized. Provides statistical data on the development of the industry for 2016-2020 at a specific enterprise. An analysis of the development of the industry is presented with an assessment of absolute and relative changes, both in poultry meat and in egg production. Calculations of potential production indicators have been carried out, reserves for their growth have been identified. The work widely used a graphical research method. The research carried out will be useful not only for university students, but also for practicing specialists.

Results of veterinary and sanitary examination of turkeys using biostimulants in early ontogenesis

Today, poultry farming is one of the most relevant branches of agriculture, as it provides products that meet consumer needs of buyers in terms of price and taste. In the conditions of the modern production process, the innovative developments of scientists are gaining increasing relevance and interest from the technological service of poultry enterprises. The most demanded are developments on the use of environmentally friendly, economically justified and effective solutions to improve the productive and reproductive qualities of poultry. At the same time, the hatchery is one of the key links in the young stock production chain and the further quantity and quality of the planting stock will depend on the efficiency of its work. The previously developed technology for the use of biostimulant solutions contributes to an increase in the number of hatched young poultry, which has been proven in previous studies. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the possibility of using meat obtained with the use of biostimulants in embryogenesis for the subsequent sale of the product on the counter for consumption without restrictions. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods, taking into account (TR CU 021/2011) for microbiological indicators "Ensuring the compliance of food products with safety requirements." As a result of determining the organoleptic, microbiological, chemical and histological parameters of meat in the control and experimental groups, it was established that it fully complies with the current regulatory documents and is a complete food product. On the basis of the foregoing, the safety of the resulting products was experimentally substantiated when using biological stimulants in turkey embryogenesis based on the results of the data obtained from the indicators of the veterinary and sanitary examination.

Monitoring of climate change and its impact on grain production in the Saratov region using remote sensing data

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the increase in the number of adverse climatic phenomena and the strengthening of their influence on the basic branch of agriculture - crop production. The differential manifestation of negative weather factors in the most productive regions leads to fluctuations in yields and agricultural production, disruption of food chains and a decrease in food stocks, thereby jeopardizing sustainable agricultural production and creating risks for ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation. This necessitates the study of regional features of the manifestation of dangerous weather phenomena for the subsequent substantiation of organizational and economic measures to mitigate the consequences and adapt agriculture to global climate change. As an example, we took the Saratov region, as a region with a significant amount of sown (planting) areas and a high share of crop production in the total crop production of the Russian Federation. Using satellite monitoring data, a number of adverse meteorological (weather) phenomena have been established that manifested themselves in the period from 1991 to 2019 in the Saratov region. The tendency to their growth and increase in duration in the territory of the given region is revealed. The dependence of the main indicators of grain production in the Saratov region on the growing influence of negative climatic factors has been studied. The necessity of taking into account the impact of hazardous meteorological (weather) phenomena in the system of strategic priorities, as well as in the preparation of forecasts for the socio-economic development of the region, modeling the impact of negative climatic factors on the structural balance of the agro-industrial complex, is substantiated.

Recognition of Solid Inorganic Substances and Crop Recommendation

Profound learning strategies are significantly respected in the exploration field of agribusiness. The farming variables climate, downpour, soil, pesticides, and manures are the really mindful angles to raise the creation of yields. The central fundamental key part of farming is Soil for crop developing. Assessment of soil is an imperative piece of soil resource the executives in cultivation. The fundamental objective of this work is to explore soil supplements using profound learning order strategies.Toanalyse the soil nutrients, the former need to go to the branch of Agriculture or Cooperation and Farmers Welfare. This work takes an areaofTamil Nadu in India to dissect the dirt supplements.Particular sort's dirt has an assorted assortment of enhancements. The dirt examination is particularly helpful for cultivators to find which kind of harvests to be created in a particular soil condition. This framework picks Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur, Iron, Zinc, etc, supplements for examining the dirt enhancements using the CRA approach of the Neural organization. The fundamental objective of this work is to examine soil supplements using profound learning order methods.

Improvement of the breeding process in hemp growing to saturate the varieties with useful cannabinoids

Today the group of companies “Arnika”, Hlobyne town, Poltava region, is one of the largest companies in Ukraine and in the world that grows agricultural crops using organic farming technologies. It is clear that in the transition from classical technologies to organic production there were a number of problems to solve which had to use both existing experience and new research. One of the branches of agriculture in Ukraine, which best meets the requirements of organic farming, is hemp growing. The biological properties of the crop play an important role in this matter, namely that they require almost no chemical protection against pests and diseases. The scope of raw materials from hemp is significantly expanding. Besides the traditional use in light, construction, pulp and paper, automotive and aircraft, chemical industries, hemp products began to be used for the manufacture of medicines, perfumes, cosmetics, high-quality oil, additives to many foods and others. It is the latest uses of hemp that require the use of environmentally friendly products that would be of high quality, greater demand and cost. The creation of varieties and hybrids of plants that meet the needs of the market is devoted to the research conducted during 2014-2020 and still currently continues. In this article, we have tried to show our research, achievements and conclusions. Initially, the plants with a reduced content of THC (0.01-0.001%) and an increased content of CBD (0.50-1.50%) and CBG (0.02-0.70%) in the variety Zolotoniski 15 were selected, and later the breeding work was continued with the varieties Globa, Lara, Sula and a number of future varieties that will be submitted for the state variety testing. In the first three years, the targeted selection in the direction of increasing the content of CBG in cannabis plants proved to be quite effective. But life sets new challenges and our search continues. Key words: cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (СBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), enzymes, precursors, breeding, technical hemp, variability, correlation.

The effects of timing, scheme, planting depth and size of the uterine bulbs on the productivity of seed plants and seed quality onions in the conditions of the Foothill zone of the North Caucasus

Relevance. Onion is a valuable food crop, which is due to its chemical composition, taste and medicinal qualities. As part of the strategy to ensure food security and independence of Russia in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to increase the production of vegetable products, including onions, and for this it is necessary to increase the production of domestic seeds. Seed production is an important branch of agriculture, which consists in the planned reproduction of zoned varieties. Unlike commodity production, it is a more labor-intensive industry and requires regular improvement of existing technologies that take into account the specifics of new varieties and hybrids.Materials and methods. The object is onion (Allium сера L.). Research material: new varieties of spring onion Primo and Ampex of selection of FSBSI FSVC. The studies were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of the FSBSI FSVC. Laboratory and field experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The area of the accounting plot is 5m2 , the repetition is 4-fold, with a randomized arrangement of options.Results and discussions. Different planting dates of uterine bulbs, their diameter, standing density, planting depth, significantly affected the qualitative and quantitative indicators of seed productivity of onion plants of Primo and Ampex varieties. The results obtained made it possible to modify and optimize individual elements of varietal technologies of onion seed production. To create the best conditions for the growth and development of seed plants of Ampex and Primo varieties and to obtain high yields of high-quality seeds in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, it is recommended to: use queen bulbs of 8 cm in size, organize the planting of queen bulbs in the first decade of November, use a scheme for planting queen onions: 75x10 cm, use a planting depth of 15 cm. With this technology, the productivity of plant seeds reaches 6-8 g in the Ampex variety and 5-7 g in the Primo variety, and the yield of conditioned seeds is 520-580 kg/ha and 450-600 kg/ha, respectively.

2000 Yıllardan Günümüze Türkiye Arıcılığının Değerlendirilmesi

Beekeeping; It is a branch of agriculture that provides cheap and easy employment opportunities, is not dependent on land, is a sole source of livelihood for families with landless or little land and has no harmful effects on the environment and nature. Our current geographical location is among the countries suitable for beekeeping in our country with the coexistence of four seasons. Beekeeping has become widespread in our country with the increasing interest in natural life and natural products, with developing technologies day by day. When the data from the 2000s to the present are examined, it is noteworthy that the number of hives has increased every year. In the last twenty (2000-2020) years, there has been an increase of 11.29% in the number of old hives, and an increase of 95.62% in the number of new hives. At the same time, it was determined that there was an increase of 70.36% in honey production and a decrease of 16.83% in bee wax production. In this review article, the current situation of beekeeping, which is the branch of animal husbandry in Turkey, together with 20 years of data has been examined.

Supportable development of agriculture local market in the condition organic farming

The growth of country area, as a priority task of regional policy, is inextricably linked with the branches of agriculture, designed to provide raw materials for the processing industry, and, ultimately, with high-quality food for the population. Stimulating investments in the growth of promise area of the agro-industrial complex will satisfy the demand for agricultural products at affordable prices. State investments in the modernization of transport infrastructure and increasing the degree of its accessibility for all producers of the agro-industrial complex will also help reduce poverty, and, accordingly, optimize the physical and economic accessibility of food. In the gross agricultural product of the Siberian Federal District, a quarter is accounted for by the products of the Altai Territory. In the system of market economy, a special place is given to food markets, which in general form represent a set of commodity-money relations between all economic entities directly or indirectly involved in the production, processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products, raw materials and food as at the expense of domestic producers and imports. The agri-food market, in turn, is the basic element of the food market The development of organic farming at an accelerated pace is a modern trend in the earth market However, the significant geographic differentiation of the availability of organic land significantly affects the production of organic products.

Production efficiency in product subcomplexes: methodological approaches to the identification and evaluation of reserves

The establishment of opportunities for sustainable development of the branches of agriculture through qualitative and quantitative factors of increasing production, the implementation of measures to improve its efficiency will allow to form a reasonable amount of raw materials within the framework of the product subcomplexes of the agroindustrial complex.The article considers the main results of the development of cattle breeding in the organizations of the system of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus. It substantiates the criterion of identifying reserves for the growth of milk production, develops methodological approaches to their evaluation, and is tested on the data of a sample of enterprises of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus.

Technical innovations in providing competitive development of agricultural production (on the example of potato farming)

The article substantiates the role of innovation processes in the economy of agribusiness in Russia. The purpose of the study is to assess the economic efficiency of technological innovations in ecological agriculture. The object of the research is the potato farming industry. The article studies the technical innovations involved in Agriculture 2.0 and used in the crop production industry. These innovations allow effective soil cultivation, improve plant propagation and increase crop yields. The study examines the use of the technical innovations in one of the most important branches of agriculture in Russia - potato farming. It showed a positive economic impact of resource-saving technologies and agrotechnical measures on the crop cultivation. The profitability improved by 2.9 times, revenue increased by 2.5 times, and the total cost of production decreased by 6%. Thus, the implementation of a set of resource-saving measures provides positive dynamics in potato farming.

Substantiation of application of the order variable submission principle in the bioenergy theory of plant productivity

It was shown that the agricultural branches of knowledge lacks calculus principles – the most important values for these branches and methods for determining these limiting theoretical values. For this reason, it is very difficult to use modern computer technologies in this industry. Another problem is the lack of a method for energy analysis of the bioconversion of radiant energy in plants. These problems are solved by using the well-known principle of synergy submission. We considered the production processes in a tomato plant when exposed to LE consisting of photosynthetic and thermal components and presented a synergistic model of these processes. It was experimentally proved that these components, according to the synergetics submission principle, are order variables, to which control variables are subordinated. We established a high degree of submission of control variables (growth of productive mass and thermoregulatory evaporation) to the order parameter (energy of light radiation in the form of its components). Calculations of plant productivity should begin with determining LE consisting of photosynthetic and thermal components that made it possible to design an exergy model, and subsequently an algorithm, for managing production processes and increasing productivity.

Сельскохозяйственная сфера производства в СССР: от практики социализма к подворью и рынку

The article analyzes the formation of the agricultural branch of food and raw materials production in the USSR in the period from 1917 to 1991. It is shown that such forms of production as collective farms and state farms were two forms of the economic organism of the new economic structure in agriculture with As revealed in the 21st century, the zigzags and backwardness of political economic theory are explained by two circumstances. One of them is the linking of leading economists and agricultural scientists to Western education and practice. Another is the incompleteness of Marx's teaching and its reliance on the erroneous theory of Liebig.