Bottled Drinking Water Research Articles

Miniaturized Disposable Buckypaper-Polymer Substrate Based Electrochemical Purine Sensing Platform

Herein, a novel, low-cost and disposable electrochemical sensor is presented by using recycled base material polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) obtained from a disposable drinking water bottle as a sensing platform. Bucky paper (BP) was used as a working electrode material. The CO2 laser was used for fabricating sensing substrate and the desired three electrode pattern of BP. This was attached on the PET substrate using a double sided tape. The lamination process was used to define the geometric area and for insulating the electrode. The determination of Xanthine (Xn) and Uric Acid (UA) were carried out as a proof of concept with unmodified BP surface. The electrochemical behavior of Xn and UA was studied using a cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometery (CA). The calibration curve for Xn and UA were obtained in the linear range 10 μM−500 μM and 50 μM−1000 μM respectively using and CA. The LOD obtained for Xn and UA was 6 μM and 22.5 μM respectively. Finally, the proposed method was applied for determination of Xn and UA in human serum sample with good selectivity and high sensitivity.

Eco Learning Camp, Wisata Pendidikan

This paper aims to describe the Eco Learning Camp endeavors in building individual awareness to care for the environment through environmental-based value education. Efforts to build awareness about the environment must be carried out, considering the quality of environment conditions significantly decreased. Extreme temperature changes and global warming are the real conditions we felt these days. Many ways can be done to instill this awareness. One of them is to educate people with value education, which is taken by the Eco Learning Camp managed by Yayasan Sahabat Lingkungan Hidup (The Friends of the Environment Foundation). Through a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, data collection is done through interviews with informants, observation and literature review. The results showed, through a series of designed activities, Eco Camp delivered knowledge about the environment in the form of practical informal education so that participants directly felt what the activities were like. Activities carried out include ecological lifestyle, group games, building motivation, farming, and other activities, delivered in a fun way with a lead of a guide. The conclusions are educational tourism in Eco Camp provides cognitive, affective and psychomotor impacts on participants, especially children who attend education. Cultivating ecological life habits, internalized in participants are motivated to carry out activities related to ecological lifestyles, such as not littering or bringing their self drinking water bottle to school rather than carrying mineral bottled drinking water.

UJI KADAR FLOURIDA PADA AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN (AMDK) DAN AIR SUMUR SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

Water naturally contains various minerals, one of them is fluoride ion. Fluoride in water with suitable amounts give good benefits for health, but give the opposite result in excessive amounts. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of fluoride contained in bottled drinking water and some well water samples in Banda Aceh. The fluoride amount in bottled drinking water and the well water was analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry at 570 nm wavelength. The measurement results show that the six samples have fluoride ion levels below 1 mg/L. This proves that the water is suitable for consumption and use because it meets the quality standards of SNI 01-3533-2006 (maximum 1 mg/L for bottled drinking water) and the Health Minister Regulation of Republic Indonesia Number 32 Year 2017 (maximum 1,5mg/L in water for hygiene and sanitation purposes).

Influence of sanitary – domestic conditions in the rural settlements of dnepropetrovsk region on the peasants’ healh

The aim: Implementation results of sociological survey to the practice of hygienic researches at the subjective estimation of the drinking water quality and sanitary conditions of people's life. Materials and methods: At our study was used standardized "Questionnaire survey about quality of piped drinking water, which enters to the building (apartment)", which contained 25 questions. In the sociological survey were participated 150 respondents. Results: Peasants of Dnepropetrovsk region considered that the following indicators of drinking water quality impact on their health: deterioration quality of piped drinking water, smell - 22.6%, color - 14.6 %, rust - 13.3 %, precipitate - 8.0 %, turbidity and suspended solids - 10.6 %, taste and aftertaste - 13.3 %, foam and impurities - 10.6% (p<0.05). Some of peasants (14.6 %) have unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, living on 5 - 6 persons in 1 rooms flat (p<0.05). Conclusions: Results of sociological survey shown that among rural residents increased the demand for a consumption of pre-treated drinking water, due to the deterioration quality of tap water in the rural area. It was determined, that increased frequency of use the bottled drinking water - daily it was used by 13 rural respondents (17.3%), once a week - 21 respondents (28%), 2-3 times a week - 8 respondents (10.6%).

The Investigation Of Helicobacter pylori DNA in Bottled Drinking Water: A Preliminary Study

The Investigation Of Helicobacter pylori DNA in Bottled Drinking Water: A Preliminary Study

Bromate in bottled drinking water in the Markets of the Sultanate of Oman, Challenges and Solutions, Sultanate of Oman (in Arabic)

Bromate in bottled drinking water in the Markets of the Sultanate of Oman, Challenges and Solutions, Sultanate of Oman (in Arabic)

A Low Cost Automation for MFI Analyzer by Using Arduino

The melt flow index analyzer is a machine used in many plastics, toys making, goods manufacturing, and also in Automobile industries. Because today's 30-40% components of any device are made by plastic, therefore the use of machine is to decide the quality and grading of the plastic which is to be used for different purposes. As in electrical engineering, there is class A, class B, Class F, class Y etc. types of grading of insulators, similarly, plastics have different types of grading. Now suppose we have to make a dashboard of the vehicle and a drinking water bottle by plastic. So the same material cannot be used for making a dashboard and bottle. The material used for making the dashboard should be tough, strong, and should enough robust. But the material used for the bottle should be light in weight, soft, etc. Above mentioned qualities and properties of plastics are decided by the MFI machine. This paper depicts how to decide a grading of plastic using MFI machine with minimum cost. Currently, industrialists want to design goods with optimal properties and minimum costs. One of the requirements for quality control of thermoplastics is the determination of volume and mass flow rates. To ensure in an industry that production is reproducible we must control this index. Knowledge of the quality of the material (injection molding, extrusion) reduces the time and minimizes the cost of production.

Investigating the Taste, Odor and Appearance of Selected Bottled and Sachet Sold Drinking Water in Burkina Faso

Background: Drinking water should be harmless to its consumers and aspects such as appearance, taste and/or odor should be acceptable. In Burkina Faso, the sold bottled and sachet drinking waters are not always respecting the quality in terms of potability. Method: In this study we investigated the appearance, taste and/or odor of eleven (11) selected bottled and sachet waters sold in Burkina Faso through a set of five (05) water treatment professionals with ten (10) organoleptic parameters been considered (Organic Solvent, Metallic, Chlorine, Fishy, Sulfur, Earthy, Bitter, Fruity, Spoiled, and Sour). Results: The study showed that all the investigated waters have unpleasant taste and/or odor, with the worst cases in all five (05) brands sachet waters. The bad quality of the sachet waters is generally due to the conditioning (sun, dust, rain). Ouagadougou tap water showed unpleasant chlorine odor mainly caused by the “remanent” chlorine. However, that chlorine ensure the water safety to its consumers. Conclusion: This study showed that the best way to drink safe water in Burkina Faso is to supply a good quality tap water to its population, and to improve the taste and/or odor. Since the sold bottled and sachet waters are not yet well regulated in terms of their quality, the country should be aware of the current study in order to improve the sold drinking water quality.

Perbedaan Rata-Rata DMF-T Pada Masyarakat Yang Mengkonsumsi Air Minum Kemasan Isi Ulang Dan Air Sungai Yang Diendapkan

The Difference in Average DMF-T in Communities that Consume Refillable Bottled Drinking Water and Precipitated River Water. The average DMF-T index for Indonesia is 4.6 with a value of D-T component is 1.6, M-T component is 2.9, and an F-T component is 0.08. It means, tooth decay in Indonesian people is 460 teeth per 100 people (Riskesdas., 2013). The DMF-T index for Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan is 6.83, with a value of D-T component is 1.31, M-T component is 5.52, and F-T component is 0.12. It means, the average of tooth decay per person (severity of teeth per person) is 6.83 teeth or 7 teeth (Riskesdas., 2007). This study aimed to determine the difference of DMF-T average in people who consumed refillable bottled water and people who consumed river water treated by deposited, in Desa Samuda, Kecamatan Daha Selatan, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. This research was an analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The sample of this research was all of the people in Desa Samuda, Kecamatan Daha Selatan, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, as 110 participants. The independent variable was refilled bottled drinking water and deposited river water. The results showed that the DMF-T average in people who consumed refillable bottled water was 6.42 and the DMF-T average in people who consumed deposited river water was 8.20. Based on the result of the Independent T-Test, the value of sig (2-tailed) p = 0.004 was less than α = 0.05; (p

Study on the impact of the existence of drinking water plant on the water availability in Kebonpeuteuy village (study in Kebonpeuteuy village, regency of Cianjur)

Kebonpeuteuy Village is located at the foot of Mount Gede Pangrango. The existence of a Bottled Drinking Water Plant in this region raises a crucial issue dealing with the decrease of clean water supplies for the villagers, especially in hamlet 1. This study produces a number of confirmations: (1) during this time the distribution of the availability of clean water in this village has been ensured with a reservoirs system or water tanks and pipelines; (2) the existence of this plant does not have a direct influence on the sustainability of clean water availability in this village because the plant only takes ground water instead of surface water; (3) there is a significant change related to safeguarding the sustainability of the availability of clean water after the application of the recommendations from LKMM research, in the form of making water banks, planting trees along the watershed, making bio-pores and several other infiltration wells; and (4) related to the status of the operation of the drinking water business according to Islamic law, the drinking water plant only takes ground water from a depth of 60-90 meters and does not obstruct the rights of other parties who also want to access the groundwater source in other locations. For this result, it is recommended that the involvement of all village development stakeholders, including the educational institutions and drinking water plants to educate all the villagers to strengthen the independent mental attitudes, self-assessment capabilities and problem solving so that the availability of clean water can be carried out independently. Especially, the plant managers of the drinking water are required to increase transparency in the groundwater extraction process to settle the issue of the exploitation of surface water by the drinking water plant and to prevent the emergence of things considered counterproductive from the community.

Trace identification of endocrine-disrupting bisphenol A in drinking water by solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been recognized as an endocrine disruptor, found in numerous products for instance water bottles, food cans and baby bottles. In this investigation, an improved method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was optimized for the extraction and identification of BPA in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glass bottled drinking water samples of diverse trademarks and origin. The extraction of BPA was carried out using Bond-Elut-C18 SPE cartridge without any further purification of the sample extracts. Under the most favorable extraction parameters, the system has revealed excellent linearity with correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.999), limit of detection (0.01 µg/L), limit of quantification (0.04 µg/L) and precision in terms of intra- and inter-day, providing relative standard deviation (RSD%) values <1% (n = 5) and <3% (n = 5), respectively. The optimized system was applied for the analysis of BPA in drinking water samples, which showed that PET bottled samples contain lower amounts of BPA ranged from 0.29 µg/L to 24.88 µg/L, whereas glass bottled samples contain higher amounts of BPA ranged from 4.34 µg/L to 41.19 µg/L. The adequate recovery values were obtained between 96.81% and 99.77% in both type of samples.

Highly Sensitive Determination of Bisphenol A in Bottled Water Samples by HPLC after Its Extraction by a Novel Th-MOF Pipette-Tip Micro-SPE.

In this study, a novel thorium metal organic framework was synthesized, characterized and used as a sorbent for very efficient pipette tip micro solid-phase extraction of bisphenol A in bottled drinking water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography as detecting instrument. Parameters which influence extraction efficiency such as pH, sample volume, amount of sorbent, type and volume of eluent, number of aspirating and dispensing cycles for extraction and elution, and volume of the sample solution were studied and optimized. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.002-0.456ngmL-1 (r2=0.996) with a detection limit of 0.0010ngmL-1. Repeatability of batch-to-batch extraction was better than 5.0% and a reproducibility of 3.2% for real samples obtained.

Phthalate Esters and Their Potential Risk in PET Bottled Water Stored under Common Conditions.

A great deal of attention has been paid lately to release of phthalate esters (PAEs) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into PET bottled drinking water due to their potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Three kinds of PAEs, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), were detected in 10 popular brands of PET bottles in Beijing, ranging from 101.97 μg/kg to 709.87 μg/kg. Meanwhile, six kinds of PAEs, including DEP, DMP, DBP, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were detected in PET bottled water, ranging from 0.19 μg/L to 0.98 μg/L, under an outdoor storage condition, while their concentrations ranged from 0.18 μg/L to 0.71 μg/L under an indoor storage condition. Furthermore, the concentrations of PAEs in brand D and E bottles were slightly increased when the storage time was prolonged. In addition, the concentrations of PAEs in commercial water contained in brand B and H bottles and pure water contained in brand E and G bottles were also slightly increased with the increase of storage temperature. Interestingly, DBP mainly contributed to the increased PAEs levels in simulation water. These results suggest that a part of the PAEs in PET bottled water originated from plastic bottles, which was related to the storage time and temperature. However, the PAEs in PET bottled water only pose a negligible risk to consumers if they follow the recommendations, such as storage at a common place (24 °C), away from sun and in a short period of time.

Effects of Mechanical Vibration during Drying of Solution Sample in Enhancing the Sensitivity of Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Analysis.

This study describes a sample preparation method for trace element analysis using total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. The procedure of this method is as follows: 1) a hydrophobic-coated sample holder whose hydrophobic film at around the center of the surface is partially dissolved by acetone is prepared; 2) a droplet of a sample solution is dropped on the sample holder; and 3) the sample droplet is heated and dried while vibrating it. This sample preparation method is effective for reducing the size of the dry residue of the sample solution and suppressing the coffee-ring formation. Furthermore, this method leads to an enhancement in the intensity of an X-ray fluorescence line from an analyte element in the sample residue. In this study, this sample preparation method led to an improvement in the detection limit for vanadium in commercially available bottled drinking water.

Assessment of Factors Affecting Bromate Formation in Drinking Water Bottles

This paper presents the results of experimental study conducted to investigate the effects of different parameters on bromate formation in bottles of drinking water. The effects of various temperatures, storage times, pH and some water quality parameters including bromide, total organic carbon (TOC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were investigated. Three different regional and international water bottles brands available in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were selected. For each brand 36 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles of water were used for the experimental study. It is concluded that the effects of storage time and temperature was negligible for all brands and that the effects of pH levels on bromate formation was noticeable. Increasing pH level increases the bromate formation for brands X and Y but decreases the bromate formation for brand Z. It is also concluded the effect of TDS, TOC and turbidity on bromate formation was not significant.

Application of the Concept of Total Productive Maintenance in Automatic Bottle Filling Machines

Guwatirta Sejahtera is one of the companies engaged in the bottled drinking water industry. Problems that occur at PT. Guwatirta Sejahtera is the absence of routine maintenance on the machine so that damage, especially on automatic bottle filling machines, often occurs. This study applies a total productive maintenance method to determine the level of damage and identify the source of the problem as a basis for making recommendations for improvement in reducing the level of damage that often occurs in automatic bottle filling machines. The stage of the study begins by determining the engine efficiency and six big losses using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness parameter (OEE). Then proceed with identifying the source of the problem using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. Recommendations for improvement include making: a daily inspection checklist, small working groups, Standard Operating Procedures for operating the machine and routine maintenance schedules. Based on the estimated calculation if the recommendation for improvement is applied, the value of the original engine efficiency of 84.26% increased to 98.97% and the initial maintenance costs of Rp.81,232,369.48 decreased to Rp.75,355,764.39 per year

Design Analysis of Mountoya Bottled Water

Bottled drinking water products are exclusive goods because those who consume are usually important guests from abroad. In the early 1970s, bottled drinking water had not yet existed in Indonesia. In the 1970s if there were imported products, tourists at that time only wanted to consume bottled water because they didn't match the boiled drinking water. PT. Toyamilindo Cirebon is a company engaged in the bottled drinking water industry which has a packaging brand with the Mountoya brand. Mountoya bottled mineral water packaging that is produced now, no longer uses plastic labels as a product identifier. Mountoya does not use a plastic label replaced with embossed writing on the bottle. This plain bottle is a concern that attracts consumers. This research wants to know the packaging design that is in the Mountoya bottle. In addition, the visual appeal and practical appeal in Mountoya bottle packaging is also a special attraction. The results of this study are the design of Mountoya bottle packaging in the product description is quite complete, the product description in the use of the type of plastic used is suitable for food and can be recycled. In addition there are halal information, Indonesian national standards and other full product information.

The Feasibility Study of The Drinking Water Supply at Grand Dharmahusada Lagoon Apartement of Surabaya

The city of Surabaya has become the most targeted city for developers to set up apartments. Many residents outside Surabaya want to live in Surabaya because of their work or business. No wonder the number of water needs in Surabaya is increasing. The Grand Dharmahusada Lagoon apartment is the location to be studied for the feasibility of developing a ready-to-drink system There are three alternatives offered to provide ar ready to drink, namely (1). Everything that comes out of the apartment faucet is ready to drink water; (2) ready-to-drink water only in kitchen units of apartment units; and (3) ready-to-drink water is provided by the apartment for each unit in the form of Gallon packaging. From the results of a comparison of the water quality test of PDAM Kota Surabaya with the quality standards of bottled drinking water, several parameters were obtained which still exceeded the applicable quality standards. The technology used to treat PDAM water into ready-to-drink water is to use Ultrafiltration, Carbon Filter and Ozone

Analisis E. Coli Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Yang Beredar Di Kota Tasikmalaya

Drinking water is the main need of humans as living things. Over time, humans are more practical so that for drinking needs they prefer to use bottled drinking water or refill drinking water. The high demand for bottled water raises the number of drinking water companies that issue bottled drinking water products. However, the quality of bottled water still needs to be assessed because it is not through pasteurization or other processing. So the microbiological content remains to be investigated. This study aimed to determine the bacteriological content in bottled drinking water. This study uses the Most Probable Number (MPN) method to test its bacterial content and gamma ray radiation to test its radiosensitivity. The sample in this study was bottled drinking water of various brands circulating in the City of Tasikmalaya. Based on the research results obtained from 13 samples there is 1 sample containing E. coli which is code B1 with a total bacterial content of 7 cells per 100 ml. So it can be concluded L samples are known to contain E. coli as much as 1.9 x 105 cells per ml.

Ameliorative effect of metformin on cyclophosphamide-induced memory impairment in mice.

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used as an adjuvant cancer treatment. Unfortunately, this drug is associated with secondary side effects, including cognitive impairment up to 70% of cancer survivors. The mechanism of this memory impairment is unclear. Thus, to understand the cognitive impairments caused by this chemotherapeutic agent, a clinically relevant dose to cancer treatment was used in mice to establish the chemobrain models, and the spatial memory of these mice was assessed using multiple behavior tests. In addition, metformin (MET) is widely used as an anti-diabetic drug and protects against oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Thus, this study tested the protective effects of MET in the chemobrain models. Four groups of mice, which weighed about 18-30 g, were collected and divided into 4 groups: control, CYP, MET, and CYP+MET groups. A 100 mg/kg dose of CYP was administered intraperitoneal (on alternate days) for a total of 4 doses. MET was dissolved in the mice's drinking water bottles at a 5 mg/ml concentration from day zero to the end of the treatment period. The mice's memory was tested using hippocampal-dependent tests, including the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and elevated plus maze tests. These tests were performed for three consecutive days after 24 h of the last dose of CYP. The mice treated with CYP exhibited a decline in memory function in all the behavioral test studies, and this decline was significant in the Y-maze test. However, this decline was rescued by MET administration. The clinically relevant model suggests that CYP treatment causes a decline in mice models spatial memory that might be improved by MET administration.