Bone Mineral Density Parameters Research Articles

VP34.28: A preliminary study of ultrasonic backscattering method in measuring cancellous bone mineral density parameters in pregnant women

VP34.28: A preliminary study of ultrasonic backscattering method in measuring cancellous bone mineral density parameters in pregnant women

Microwave sensing for human bone health evaluation

An increased global prevalence of osteoporosis has necessitated research into accessible and efficient methods for periodic evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of the research is early diagnosis and intervention to reduce the risks associated with low BMD. In this article, a non-invasive methodology is discussed which utilizes electromagnetic parameters of the bone to evaluate the BMD. By this methodology, an ultra-wideband system with monopole antennas is used to record the changes in parameters of the electromagnetic signal passing through the sample under test. The parametric changes are manifested as a time delay in the temporal domain and simultaneously a spectral attenuation is noted. The concurrence of the time-frequency parameters is utilized to make a calculated assessment of the change in BMD parameters. Statistical techniques are used on the observations to quantify the progress of osteoporosis.

Anti-Osteoporotic Effects of Antioxidant Peptides PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK from Mytilus edulis on Ovariectomized Mice.

Numerous amounts of evidence suggest that bioactive peptides with diverse physiological activities can be nutraceuticals or potential drug candidates. In this study, blue mussel-derived antioxidant peptides PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK were subjected to evaluate their osteogenic effect in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs) followed by an in vivo anti-osteoporotic effect. Treatment of PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK on mBMMSCs stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and calcification. Western blot results revealed that PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 (BMP-2/4) followed by upregulating p-Smad1/5, type I collagen, and transcription factors including Runx2 and osterix in mBMMSCs. Two peptides also activated the phosphorylation of MAPKs (p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK). Treatment of MAPK inhibitors significantly inhibited the BMP signaling pathway, indicating that PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK stimulated osteoblast differentiation of mBMMSCs through the MAPK-dependent BMP signaling pathway. The anti-osteoporotic effect of PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK in ovariectomized (OVX) mice was investigated. Treatment of PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK for ten weeks showed a notable anti-osteoporotic effect in OVX mice via increasing bone mineral density and other bone parameters compared to OVX mice without peptides. Serum analysis also showed that treatment of PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK completely reduced osteocalcin and ALP (alkAline phosphatase) activity. Taken together, these results suggest that PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK could be health-promoting functional food ingredients against osteoporosis.

Examining trabecular morphology and chemical composition of peri-scaffold osseointegrated bone

BackgroundPorous titanium alloy scaffold fabricated by 3D printing technology could induce osseointegration well to repair bone defect during early postoperative period. However, trabecular histomorphological features and chemical compositions of ingrowth bone in the long term after surgery still lacked in-depth research.MethodsFourteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups (7 rabbits in surgery group and 7 rabbits in control group). A 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffold was implanted into right femoral condyle of each rabbit in the surgery group. Preload was produced at the surface between bone tissue and scaffold through interference assembly during implantation process. Rabbits in the control group were feed free. All rabbits were sacrificed to extract femoral condyles at week 12 after surgery. All right femoral condyles were performed micro-CT scanning to test bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular histomorphological parameters, including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone surface/volume ratio (BS/BV), bone surface density (BS/TV), structure model index (SMI), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), porosity (PO), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and degree of anisotropy (DA). Scanning electron microscope was used to observe osteogenesis peri-scaffold. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning was performed to analyze chemical compositions of peri-scaffold trabeculae. All trabecular morphological parameters and BMDs were statistically analyzed between surgery group and control group.ResultsThe pores of scaffold were filled with ingrowth bone tissues after 12 weeks osseointegration. However, the mean BMD peri-scaffold in surgery group was 800 ± 20 mg/cm3, which was 18.37% lower than that in the control group. There was a significant decrease in BV/TV, Tb.N, and BS/TV, and there was a significant increase in Tb.Sp and PO between the surgery group and control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in Tb.Th, SMI, Conn.Dn, BS/BV, and DA. Although ingrowth of bone tissue was very effective, some fragmented connective tissues were still found instead of bone tissues on the partial beams of scaffolds through SEM images. It was found from FTIR that there was no significant hydroxyapatite peak signal in surgery group. Collagen in the control group mainly existed as cross-link structure, while non-cross-link structure in the surgery group.ConclusionsPreload could promote the same good osseointegration ability as chemical surface modification method in the early term after surgery, and better osseointegration effect than chemical surface modification method in the mid-long term after surgery. However, histomorphological features of peri-scaffold trabeculae were still in deterioration and low collagen maturity caused by stress shielding. It was suggested from this study that extra physical training should be taken to stimulate the bone remodeling process for recovering to a healthy level.

Anthropometry, bone mineral density and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal Saudi women.

Anthropometry and bone mineral density are linked to hormonal imbalance, which plays a possible role in breast carcinogenesis. The current study was designed to explore the relationship between selected anthropometric and bone mineral density parameters and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal Saudi women. A cross-sectional study was carried out among premenopausal (n = 308) and postmenopausal (n = 148) women at two Medical Cities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May 2015 to June 2016. Selected anthropometric measurements were obtained from 456 women; 213 of them had breast cancer. Bone mineral density was also measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Greater waist circumference was significantly correlated with a higher breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (OR = 1.02, p = 0.03) but not in postmenopausal women. Greater triceps skinfold thickness had been found to be significantly correlated with a higher risk of breast cancer in premenopausal (OR = 1.06, p = 0.001) and postmenopausal (OR = 1.06, p = 0.001) women. However, bone mineral density was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk in either group of participants. Breast cancer risk was significantly associated with waist circumference and triceps skinfold thickness in premenopausal women and with only triceps skinfold thickness in postmenopausal women.

Effects of High Intensity Dynamic Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplements on Osteosarcopenia in Older Men with Low Bone and Muscle Mass. Final Results of the Randomized Controlled FrOST Study.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high intensity dynamic resistance exercise (HIT-DRT) and whey protein supplementation (WPS) on bone mineral density (BMD) and sarcopenia parameters in osteosarcopenic men. Men ≥ 72 years with osteosarcopenia (n = 43) were randomly assigned to a HIT-RT (HIT-RT: n = 21) or a non-training control group (n = 22). Supervised HIT-RT twice/week was applied for 18 months, while the control group maintained their habitual lifestyle. Supplying WPS, total protein intake amounted to 1.5–1.6 (HIT-RT) and 1.2 g/kg/body mass/d (control). Both groups were supplied with calcium and vitamin D. Primary study outcomes were BMD and the sarcopenia Z-score. After adjusting for multiplicity, we observed significant positive effects for sarcopenia Z-score (standardized mean difference (SMD): 1.40), BMD at lumbar spine (SMD: 0.72) and total hip (SMD: 0.72). In detail, effect sizes for skeletal muscle mass changes were very pronounced (1.97, p < 0.001), while effects for functional sarcopenia parameters were moderate (0.87, p = 0.008; handgrip strength) or low (0.39, p = 0.209; gait velocity). Apart from one man who reported short periods of temporary worsening of existing joint pain, no HIT-RT/WPS-related adverse effects or injuries were reported. We consider HIT-RT supported by whey protein supplementation as a feasible, attractive, safe and highly effective option to fight osteosarcopenia in older men.

Association between Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Both Male and Female Patients with Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Aim Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is associated with an increased risk of fractures. The interactions between various body composition and bone are known to be complex in nature. However, very few studies have examined this crosstalk in AGHD. In this study, we sought to investigate the relationship between various parameters of body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as determine the role of visceral fat in determining the bone mass in patients with AGHD. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 57 patients with AGHD. Anthropometry, biochemistry, and analysis of body composition and BMD were performed according to standard protocols. Male and female patients were classified into those with osteoporosis and those without osteoporosis (normal subjects and patients with osteopenia). Further, we analyzed the correlation between the BMD and measurements obtained for various body composition parameters in male and female AGHD patients. Results Our findings indicated that among female AGHD patients, those with osteoporosis had a significantly higher levels of fat mass (FM) and visceral adipose tissue mass (VATM) (both, P < 0.05) than those without osteoporosis. Further, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the values of age, body mass index (BMI), FM, and VATM correlated negatively with BMD in women with AGHD (all P < 0.05); however, this association was not noted in men. After adjusting for the other covariates, VATM was found to be independently correlated with the BMD in female patients with AGHD. Conclusions A close correlation was noted between VATM and BMD in female patients with AGHD.

The Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density based on Age and Anthropometric Parameters in Southeast Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease characterized by a reduction in bone density, resulting in high death rates and high costs among patients worldwide. This study investigated the associations among age, anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) in southeast Chinese adults and evaluated the characteristics of southeast Chinese adults at high risk of osteoporosis.Material/MethodsThis study enrolled 424 female and 265 male volunteers. Height, weight and BMD were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Based on their BMD T-scores, female and male participants were divided into groups with osteoporosis (OG1) and osteopenia (OG2) and a normal group (NG).ResultsThe findings revealed no significant correlations between BMD and anthropometric parameters in either gender. However, a significant negative correlation was noted between BMD and age in the female participants, and a significant positive correlation was observed between BMD and age in the male participants. Multiple comparisons between groups revealed that women in the OG1 and OG2 groups were significantly older than those in the NG group.ConclusionsAge, anthropometric parameters and BMD correlate differently between groups and genders in southeast Chinese adults.

Sex- and Site-Specific Reference Data for Bone Microarchitecture in Adults Measured Using Second-Generation HR-pQCT.

There are currently no population-based reference data sets available for volumetric bone mineral density and microarchitecture parameters measured using the second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), yet the technology is rapidly becoming a standard for studies of bone microarchitecture. Although cross-calibrated data sets from the first-generation HR-pQCT have been reported, they are not suitable for second-generation bone microarchitecture properties because of fundamental differences between scanner generations. This study provides site- and sex-specific centile curves across the adult life span for second-generation HR-pQCT properties. A total of 1236 adult participants (768 female and 468 male) from the Calgary area between the ages of 18 and 90 years were scanned at the distal tibia and radius using the second-generation HR-pQCT. Bone densities, microarchitectural properties, and failure load estimated using finite element analysis were determined using standard in vivo protocol. Site- and sex-specific centile curves were generated using the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) method. These data provide reference curves appropriate for predominantly white male and female adults, which can be used as a tool to assess patient- or cohort-specific bone health. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

SAT-044 Treatment of Hypogonadal Men with a New Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) Formulation Improves Psychosexual, Well-Being and Body Composition and Bone Density Parameters

Introduction and Objective: A new, first-in-class oral testosterone (T) replacement therapy product [T-undecanoate (TU) capsules] was recently approved by FDA to treat hypogonadal men. Clinical trials were conducted to evaluate, in part, the impact of oral TU therapy on important secondary efficacy endpoints: Psychosexual and/or general well-being (Trial I and II); and body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) (Trial II). Subject and Methods: Hypogonadal men (AM serum T ≤ 300 ng/dL) age 18 to 65 (Trial I) or 75 years old (Trial II) were randomized into open-label, active-comparator (T-gel/solution) trials. Subjects received: Trial 1: Oral TU (n=166) or a topical T solution (n=55) for 4-6 mos.; or Trial II: Oral TU (n=162) or T-gel (n=163) for 12 mos. The starting oral TU dose (with food) was 237 mg, BID in Trial I and 316 mg, BID in Trial II; up to 2 dose-titration opportunities were available to achieve eugonadal T concentrations (assayed by LC-MS/MS). In Trial I, Psychosexual Daily Questionnaires (PDQ) were completed by study subjects for 7 days at baseline and prior to final clinic visit (Day 105-180). In Trial II, the SF-36 well-being questionnaire was completed on Days 0, 30, 90, 180, 270 and 365 and PDQs were completed for 7 days prior to clinic visits on these same days. In Trial II body composition and BMD was assessed by DEXA scan on Days 0, 180 and 365. Safety was monitored by physical exam and standard clinical lab tests. Results: Mean serum T in response to oral TU was 489 ± 155 ng/dL (mean ± SD) (Trial I) and 628 ± 342 ng/dL (Trial II); 84% of subjects in each trial achieved mean T concentrations in the eugonadal range. Statistically significant mean changes from baseline (p<0.0001) for most SF-36 well-being parameters were observed in both oral TU and T-gel groups. Psychosexual questionnaire results also demonstrated statistically significant improvement over baseline (p<0.0001) in most parameters at Day 30 and all timepoints thereafter in both trials. On Days 180 and 365 (v. baseline) oral TU was associated with a significant reduction in fat mass [-1.92 ± 2.79 (SD) and -2.4 ± 3.6 kg, respectively] (p<0.0001) and an increase in lean body mass [+2.87 ± 2.73 and +3.15 ± 2.69 kg, respectively] (p<0.0001). Oral TU increased mean BMD over baseline on Days 180 and 365 in spine [+0.013 ± 0.035 and +0.018 ± 0.042 g/cm2, respectively (p<0.0001)] and hip [+0.006 ± 0.019 and +0.012 ± 0.023 g/cm2, respectively (p<0.0001)]. Oral TU exhibited a safety profile consistent with commonly prescribed topical T-comparators. Modest increases in cuff sBP of 2.8 ± 11.84 (SD) mm Hg and 1.8 ± 10.76 mm Hg were observed in Trial I for both oral TU and the comparator T-solution. Conclusions: Treatment of hypogonadal men with oral TU yielded circulating mean T concentrations in the mid-eugonadal range and significantly improved psychosexual, general well-being, body composition and BMD parameters comparable to transdermal T administration.

Femur strength predictions by nonlinear homogenized voxel finite element models reflect the microarchitecture of the femoral neck

In the human femoral neck, the contribution of the cortical and trabecular architecture to mechanical strength is known to depend on the load direction.In this work, we investigate if QCT-derived homogenized voxel finite element (hvFE) simulations of varying hip loading conditions can be used to study the architecture of the femoral neck. The strength of 19 pairs of human femora was measured ex vivo using nonlinear hvFE models derived from high-resolution peripheral QCT scans (voxel size: 30.3 µm). Standing and side-backwards falling loads were modeled. Quasi-static mechanical tests were performed on 20 bones for comparison. Associations of femur strength with volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) or microstructural parameters of the femoral neck obtained from high-resolution QCT were compared between mechanical tests and simulations and between standing and falling loads.Proximal femur strength predictions by hvFE models were positively associated with the vBMD of the femoral neck (R² > 0.61, p < 0.001), as well as with its cortical thickness (R² > 0.27, p < 0.001), trabecular bone volume fraction (R² = 0.42, p < 0.001) and with the first two principal components of the femoral neck architecture (R² > 0.38, p < 0.001). Associations between femur strength and femoral neck microarchitecture were stronger for one-legged standing than for side-backwards falling. For both loading directions, associations between structural parameters and femur strength from hvFE models were in good agreement with those from mechanical tests. This suggests that hvFE models can reflect the load-direction-specific contribution of the femoral neck microarchitecture to femur strength.

Defining disease progression in chinese mainland people association between bone mineral density with knee osteoarthritis

Purpose: To evaluate the change in bone mineral density (BMD) during the development of knee OA in elderly Chinese communities residents. Further, to monitor disease progression by recording speed of sound (SOS), one parameter of bone mineral density provided by quantitative ultrasound assessment.

Outcomes of Treatment in Patients with Severe Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: The Effects of Teriparatide Treatment on Bone Mineral Density, Back Pain and Biochemical Parameters

Outcomes of Treatment in Patients with Severe Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: The Effects of Teriparatide Treatment on Bone Mineral Density, Back Pain and Biochemical Parameters

Bone Mineral Density and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Women with Parkinson's Disease.

Osteoporosis and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two important age-related diseases, which have an influence on pain, physical activity, disability, and mortality. The aim of this research was to study the parameters of bone mineral density (BMD), frequency, and 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures (OFs) in females with Parkinson's disease (PD). We have examined 113 postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years old which were divided into 2 groups (I, control group (CG), n = 53 and II, subjects with PD, n = 60). Bone mineral density of lumbar spine, femoral neck, distal radius, and total body were measured, and quantity and localization of vertebral deformities were performed by the vertebral fracture assessment (VFA). Ten-year probability of OFs was assessed by Ukrainian version of FRAX®. It was established that BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, distal radius, and total body in PD women was reliably lower compared to CG. The frequency of OFs in PD subjects was higher compared to CG (51.7 and 11.3%, respectively) with prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) in women with PD (52.6% among all fractures). 47.4% of the females had combined VFs: 74.2% of VFs were in thoracic part of the spine and 73.7% were wedge ones. Ten-year probability of major OFs and hip fracture were higher in PD women compared to CG with and without BMD measurements. Inclusion of PD in the FRAX calculation increased the requirement of antiosteoporotic treatment from 5 to 28% (without additional examination) and increased the need of additional BMD measurement from 50 to 68%. Anterior/posterior vertebral height ratios (Th8-Th11) measured by VFA in PD females without confirmed vertebral deformities were lower compared to indices of CG. In conclusion, women with PD have lower BMD indices, higher rate of osteoporosis, and risk of future low-energy fractures that should be taken into account in the assessment of their osteoporosis risk and clinical management.

Protective effect of the olive hydroalcoholic extract on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in rats in comparison with estradiol.

Osteoporosis, as a skeletal disorder caused by aging, is considered a major health problem. This work was planned to assess the effect of the black olive hydroalcoholic extract on bone mineral density and biochemical parameters in ovariectomized rats. Ninety 6-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 7 sets: control (received saline); sham-operated control, Ovariectomized (OVX) rats (received saline); 3 groups of black olive-supplemented OVX rats (respectively, receiving 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg body wt black olive extract orally); and estrogen group (receiving 3 mg/kg/day estradiol valerate). Blood samples were collected 2, 4 and 6 months after treatment to measure calcium (Ca), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phosphorus (P). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was applied to measure the bone mineral density (BMD). Global, lumbar spine and lower limb BMD was measured. Ca concentration was significantly increased in the group treated with the highest dose of black olive hydroalcoholic compared to the OVX group (P<0.001). In addition, a significant decrease in ALP concentrations in the group treated with the highest dose of black olive hydroalcoholic comparing with the OVX group was observed (P<0.001). The global, tibia, femur and spine BMD in the group treated with the highest dose of black olive hydroalcoholic and estrogen group were significantly increased compared to the OVX group (P<0.05). Black olive hydroalcoholic extract at the dose of 750 mg/kg, prevented bone loss and augmented bone mineral density and could be a possible candidate for the management of osteoporosis.

An Evaluation of Bone Health Parameters in Regularly Transfused Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients.

As beta-thalassemia major patients need regular blood transfusions due to the severe hemoglobin deficiency, the occurrence of related bone defects with simultaneous fluctuations in the biochemical and hematologic parameters is seen. The hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was done to determine and correlate the bone mineral density (BMD) with biochemical parameters and hematologic parameters in 50 regularly transfused beta-thalassemia major patients of older than 6 years of age. Descriptive statistics were analyzed with SPSS version 20.0 software. A P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The prevalence of suboptimal BMD at lumbar spine was 86% and at femur neck was 74%. A statistically significant correlation of BMD was found with mean pretransfusion hemoglobin values, serum calcium levels, and serum vitamin D levels (P<0.05). It was concluded that continuous monitoring of the BMD, biochemical, and hematologic parameters in regularly transfused beta-thalassemia major patients may help assess the ongoing deficiencies; helping to maintain timely and regular blood transfusions with supplementation of calcium, vitamin D to ensure good bone health.

Parameters of mineral metabolism and bone density in young males with &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt;-associated chronic gastritis

Here we present the current data on the chronic gastritis prevalence in young people. An issue regarding involvement of Helicobacter pylori infection in formation of low bone density is discussed. Examining the features of bone tissue metabolism in infection-associated chronic gastritis to optimize diagnostic algorithm was shown to be of high significance. In the study there were enrolled 200 employees working at the EMERCOM of Russia, who suffered from the acid-dependent gastric diseases and risk factors for reducing bone mineral density. Depending on the bone mineral density parameters, examining functional activity of the gastric mucosa, verification of the H. pylori infection, examining parameters of mineral metabolism, vitamin D level, parathyroid hormone, bone tissue remodeling markers was performed. It was shown that atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa the played a lead role in developing low bone mineral density.

Collagen‐Elastin‐Like Polypeptide‐Bioglass Scaffolds for Guided Bone Regeneration

The goals of this study are to evaluate the ability of the multicomponent collagen-elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-Bioglass scaffolds to support osteogenesis of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), demonstrate in vivo biocompatibility by subcutaneous implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, monitor degradation noninvasively, and finally assess the scaffold's ability in healing critical-sized cranial bone defects. The collagen-ELP-Bioglass scaffold supports the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs over a 3 week culture period. The cellular (rMSC-containing) or acellular scaffolds implanted in the subcutaneous pockets of rats do not cause any local or systemic toxic effects or tumors. The real-time monitoring of the fluorescently labeled scaffolds by IVIS reveals that the scaffolds remain at the site of implantation for up to three weeks, during which they degrade gradually. Micro-CT analysis shows that the bilateral cranial critical-sized defects created in rats lead to greater bone regeneration when filled with cellular scaffolds. Bone mineral density and bone microarchitectural parameters are comparable among different scaffold groups, but the histological analysis reveals increased formation of high-quality mature bone in the cellular group, while the acellular group has immature bone and organized connective tissue. These results suggest that the rMSC-seeded collagen-ELP-Bioglass composite scaffolds can aid in better bone healing process.

Helikobakter pilori Enfeksiyonu Olan Çocuklarda Kemik Metabolizması ve Kemik mineral Dansitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Objective: Gastrointestinal disorders may have negative impact on bone metabolism. The aim of the study was to evaluate bone metabolism and bone mineral density in children with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Method: A total of 100 children (mean age: 13.69±2.44 years, M/F: 0.66) with chronic gastritis were divided into two groups according to presence of H. pylori infection and were tested for biochemical parameters such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. Bone mineral density was measured at lumbar spine in all of the patients by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: 48 of 72 patients with H. pylori and 16 of 28 patients without H. pylori had low vitamin D levels (p=0.35). The other biochemical parameters were within normal limits in both groups. Bone mineral density was measured -0.16±2.25 g/cm2 in H. pylori-positive patients and -0.08±2.62 g/cm2 in H. pylori-negative patients (p=0.87). Only 2 patients with H. pylori and 1 without H. pylori had BMD z scores below -2.5 (p=1.00). Conclusion: No significant difference was observed in biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and bone mineral density between H.pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative children.

Assessment of Cervical Vertebral Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents Undergoing Functional Appliance Treatment

The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method has proved to be effective to assess the adolescent growth peak in both body height and mandibular size. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images can be used to detect the changes of cervical vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) distribution and whether these changes are associated with CVM changes and mandibular length. Samples were collected from the patients of age group between 9 years and 15 years of both sexes, who reported to the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru. All the measurements were done on constructed CBCT three-dimensional images. Gray levels, which are equivalent to the BMD, were obtained for C2 and C3 vertebrae at pretreatment (T1) and six months after starting the treatment (T2). The vertebral variables [mean, standard deviation (SD)], CVM stages, and mandibular length between T1 and T2 were compared. Significant changes in the examined variables were detected during the observation period. The BMD values showed a positive correlation with mandibular length increments. The CBCT is an effective tool to analyze the volumetric parameter of BMD in routine dentofacial orthopedics and the BMD distribution changed because of active bone remodeling during the maturation. This study proves that CBCT imaging can provide additional information about the growth status of a patient above and beyond that obtained from two-dimensional cephalometric radiographs. CBCT is an effective tool to analyze the volumetric parameter of BMD in routine dentofacial orthopedics with better accuracy and minimum distortion.