BMI In Type Research Articles

MiR-29 regulates metabolism by inhibiting JNK-1 expression in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD

Abstract Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of a variety of metabolic diseases, which related to some important signal pathways. Our aim was to explore the possible mechanism of miRNAs by revealing the differential expression of serum miRNAs in different BMI of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We found that miR-29 decreased liver aminotransferase gamma-GGT and uric acid levels by inhibiting the expression of JNK-1 in non-obese T2DM patients with NAFLD, and down-regulated the expression of atherosclerosis-related factor lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Combined with bioinformatics analysis, we speculate that this may be mediated by the AMPK signaling. These findings suggest that miR-29 may be a potential targeted therapeutic strategy in T2DM patients with NAFLD.

Evaluation of Liver Enzymes Activities among Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Attending Alribat University Hospital, Khartoum State

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease known by chronic hyperglycemia which results from defective insulin action and secretion. Various studies have documented liver disease as a major cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is well known that the liver plays an important role in the maintenance of normal glucose levels during fasting as well as in the postprandial period Aim: To evaluate the levels of liver markers in type 2 diabetes patients in Khartoum state. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Alribat University hospital, Sudan during the period from January 2018 to April 2019. Hundred subjects were included in the study, fifty patients previously diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes and similar number of age- andgender-matchedhealthy control subjects. The design of the study was cross-sectional, with a retrospective historical review through apersonal interview of all subjects.Blood was collected in a heparinized tube at room temperature and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3500rpm, Serum liver markers concentrations were estimated by an enzymatic method in a fully Automated Biochemistry Analyzer (Cobas 3546). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: The majority of patients were > 55 years. serum level of AST in type 2 diabetic patients and control group respectively were (31.26±10.34, 20.35±6.48) p value= 0.00), serum levels of ALT in type 2diabetic patients and control group respectively were (33.74±6.48, 19.70±6.23) p value= 0.00, serum level of ALP in Type 2 Diabetes patients and control group respectively were (125.20±49.61, 87.90±24.35) p value= 0.00,Serum level of GGT in Type 2 Diabetes patients and control group respectively were (47.72±9.01, 43.48±8.63) p value= 0.026. The mean BMI in type 2 diabetic patients and the control group respectively were (26.36±5.94,19.19±2.67), p value= 0.00, the correlation between duration of disease and liver enzymes GGT,ALT,AST and ALP respectively were (0.47,0.34,0.57,0.93). The current study showed in significant correlation between serum (GGT and ALT) and BMI of patients among type 2 diabetic patients (p value= 0.83,0.863) but significant correlation between serum (AST, ALT) and BMI of patients ( p value= 0.002,0.032).Conclusion: In the present study, a significant increase in the level of liver enzymes, ALT, AST, GGT ALP was observed in type 2 diabetic patients when compared to the normal group. Hence, we found an association between the level of liver enzymes, ALT, AST, and GGT in type 2 diabetic patients. Thus, these liver enzymes can be used as biomarkers for the assessment of type 2 diabetes, and we found no association between the level of liver enzymes, ALT, AST, and GGT in type 2 diabetic patients and duration of disease.

Carrot Juice Consumption Reduces High Fructose-Induced Adiposity in Rats and Body Weight and BMI in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.

Nutritional intervention is a key strategy in the control and management of non-communicable diseases. Here, initially, we evaluated the effects of carrot juice (CJ) on some of the physical and biochemical parameters in rats fed with high-fructose diet, then in type 2 diabetic subjects. For the animal study, weanling male Wistar rats were given control (n = 6) or high fructose (HFr; n = 24) diet for 8 weeks. Then, the HFr group rats were subdivided into 4 groups (n = 6 in each) and continued either on HFr diet or shifted to control diet, with or without CJ (0.3 mg β-carotene) ingestion orally for 8 weeks. At the end, the ingestion of CJ reversed the HFr-induced adiposity (23 ± 1.6 vs 18 ± 1.1, P = .038), hypertriglyceridemia (182 ± 18.2 vs 90 ± 10.5 mg/dL, P<0.001), and hyperinsulinemia (81 ± 14.7 vs 40 ± 7.5 µU/mL, P = .014), while increased the retinol levels in liver (240 ± 38.4 vs 492 ± 61.2 µg/g, P = .002) and adipose tissue (1.8 ± 0.09 vs 2.5 ± 0.18 µg/g, P = .026). On the other hand, in the diabetic subjects (7 males and females each, n = 14) compared to their baseline, the daily consumption of 50 mL CJ (~2400 µg β-carotene) for 6 weeks significantly reduced the body weight (69.4 ± 4.13 vs 69.0 ± 4.09 kg, P = .014), BMI (27.4 ± 1.07 vs 27.2 ± 1.06 kg/m2, P = .007), and fat% (33.4 ± 1.87 vs 31.9 ± 2.13, P = .029) with an increase in plasma β-carotene levels (0.21 ± 0.045 vs 0.45 ± 0.089 µmol/L, P = .044). Although CJ increased the glucose (145 ± 10.4 vs 165 ± 11.4 mg/dL, P = .039), insulin, and glycated hemoglobin levels remained unaltered. In conclusion, the consumption of carrot juice reversed the HFr-induced metabolic abnormalities in a rat model and decreased body weight and BMI of diabetic subjects.

제2형 당뇨병 환자의 스마트폰 기반 신체활동과 체질량지수와의 상관관계

본 연구의 목적은 스마트폰을 사용하는 제2형 당뇨병 환자들의 신체활동량과 체질량지수(BMI; Body Mass Index)와의 상관성을 조사하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 서울에 위치한 대학병원의 전자 의무 기록(EMR; Electronic Medical Record)과 연동된 당뇨병 자가 관리애플리케이션(iCareD)을 사용하는 제2형 당뇨병 환자 232명을 대상으로 단면조사 연구를 시행하였다. 대상자의 평소 신체활동 수준을 평가하기 위해 iCareD 앱 사용 후 30일간의 보수를 수집하였고, 기본적인 특성 및 혈액 검사 데이터는 EMR을 통해 수집하였다. 수집한 데이터를 바탕으로 대상자의 신체활동 수준에 따른 개인별 특성 및 BMI의 차이를 분석하기 위해 ANOVA를 시행하였으며, 신체활동량과 BMI의 상관성, 신체활동 실천 일수와 BMI의 상관성을 분석하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 대상자의 일일 평균 보수는 5,890±3,110보로 조사되었으며, 미국당뇨병학회에서 권고하는 신체활동(≥ 7,500 steps/day) 실천 일수는 9.1±8.1일인 것으로 조사되었다. 신체활동 수준에 따른 BMI는 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며(p=0.488), 신체활동량과 BMI의 상관성 역시 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p=0.070). 권고하는 신체활동 실천 일수와 BMI는 유의한 부적 상관관계가 나타났다(p=0.039). 본 연구는 권고 수준 이상의 규칙적인 신체활동이 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 비만을 예방하고 관리하는데 있어서 관련있는 요인임을 시사한다.

Clinical characteristics, types and complications of diabetics with young age at the onset (14–25 years)

AimsTo determine the distribution, clinical features and complications of the different types of diabetes in young age. Methods: The records of children and adolescents with age at the onset of DM (14–25 years) between January 2017 and August 2018, were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients at diagnosis and type of diabetes were recorded. Results: Out of 80 patients (48 males, 32 females), 53 had type 1 DM (66.2%) and 27 had type 2 DM (33.8%). Mean age at the onset of diabetes was 19.75 ± 4.01 years for type 1 DM and 21.37 ± 3.08 years for type 2 DM. Family history of DM was more common in type 2 DM (62.9% of parents, p = 0.000389). Mean BMI in type 2 DM (25.03 ± 5.88 kg/m2) was higher than in type 1 DM (p = 0.009). Osmotic symptoms were more common in type 1 DM (73.06%, p = 0.00151). Conclusion: Osmotic symptoms and ketosis were more common in young age type 1 DM. Family history of DM was more common in parents of type 2 DM.

CORRELATION OF BLOOD SUGAR WITH BMI IN TYPE 2 DIABETES SUBJECTS

People have greater risk of diabetes due to improper dietary practice, unhealthy life style, lack of physical exercise. The present study was conducted to correlate the blood sugar level with BMI in type 2 diabetes subjects. Multistage stratified sampling technique was used for selecting 100 samples in both males and females and an interview scheduled was evolved to collect information regarding socio-economic profile, dietary pattern etc. Dietary intake between male and female diabetics was very highly significant but age , BMI, nutrients intake etc. between male and females diabetics were insignificant.

The relationship among breakfast time, morningness-eveningness preference and body mass index in Type 2 diabetes.

Obesity is prevalent and related to poor outcomes in Type 2 diabetes. Evening preference and late meal times have been shown to be associated with obesity, but data are lacking in people with Type 2 diabetes. This study examined the relationship among meal timing, morningness-eveningness preference and BMI in Type 2 diabetes, using a mediation analysis. Some 210 non-shift workers with Type 2 diabetes participated in the study. Morningness-eveningness preference was assessed using a standard questionnaire, the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Meal timing and daily calorie intake were obtained from 1-day food recall. A mediation analysis adjusting for relevant covariables was performed to explore whether morningness-eveningness had a direct effect on BMI, or whether the effect was mediated through the intermediate variable of meal timing. Mean BMI was 28.4±4.8kg/m2 . A higher BMI was associated with greater evening preference (P=0.019), and non-significantly associated with late breakfast time (P=0.053). BMI was not associated with other mealtimes or calorie intake. In addition, evening preference was associated with late breakfast time (P<0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that breakfast time mediated the association between morningness-eveningness and BMI, i.e. morning preference (CSM ≥45) was associated with earlier breakfast time, and lower BMI by 0.37kg/m2 [coefficient=-0.365, 95% confidence intervals (CI): -0.877, -0.066), whereas the direct relationship between BMI and morningness-eveningness was non-significant. Late breakfast time mediated the relationship between morningness-eveningness preference and BMI. These results suggest that circadian preference and meal timing are novel and possibly modifiable risk factors for obesity in Type 2 diabetes.

Adiponectin: Role in Glucose Homeostasis in Relation to BMI in Type 2 Diabetics

Adiponectin: Role in Glucose Homeostasis in Relation to BMI in Type 2 Diabetics

Metabolic effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): Randomized, placebo controlled double blind trial

Background: Gum Arabic (GA) is a water-soluble dietary fiber, indigestible to both humans and animals. While GA currently does not have any therapeutic potential, it has nutritional value and some effects on metabolism of glucose and lipids. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of GA on serum level of glucose, lipids, and the BMI in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial took place at Academy Charity Teaching Hospital (ACTH) in Sudan between August 2014 to February 2015. The trial was conducted in type 2 diabetic patients who were on regular oral hypoglycemic drugs and had HbA1C ≥ 6.5%. Patients excluded from the study included those on insulin, any patient with a metabolic or gastrointestinal disease, and any patient with history of drug addiction and alcoholism. Other patients excluded were patients who had previous allergic reactions to GA in addition to patients who were pregnant or planned for conception within 6 months. 120 patients were invited to participate in this trial. 100 patients gave consent and were randomized to GA and placebo groups. The GA group was given 30 g of Acacia Senegaland the placebo group was given 5 g of placebo daily for 3 months. The outcomes assessed were primarily the effect of GA on glucose levels in addition to the effects on levels of lipids and the BMI in type 2 diabetic patients.Results: The GA group showed significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c (P&lt;0.05) within the GA group. Moreover, GA supplementation improved lipid profiles; decreased LDL-Cholesterol by 5.95%, total Cholesterol by 8.28% and triglyceride by 10.95% from baseline levels. HDL-Cholesterol showed significant increase by 19.89% within GA group (P&lt;0.05), BMI was decreased significantly by 2.06% (95% CI: −0.98; −0.16), P&lt;0.05).Conclusions: Gum Arabic is a dietary supplement for improving nutrition of type 2 diabetic patients; it has demonstrated a good effect on improving their poor glycemic control. It has also shown improvement in the levels of the lipids and the BMI. Further studies are needed in obese and pre-diabetic patients to evaluate GA therapeutic potentials. Keywords: Gum Arabic, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Lipid profiles, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Dietary Fibers, HbA1c

Does body mass index influence the decline of glomerular filtration rate in diabetic type 2 patients with diabetic nephropathy in a developing country?

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with a high risk of progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). While obesity has been identified as a factor in the decline of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in chronic kidney disease, its role in the progression of DN remains controversial. The objective of this work is to determine GFR decline in relation to BMI in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients presenting a DN. Methods: A prospective 5-year study conducted in the Eastern region of Morocco. Three BMI groups were distinguished: normal weight, overweight and obese and within each group progressors (eGFR > 5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year) and non progressors (eGFR? 5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year). Results: Data on 292 patients were compiled. The progressors represented 25.8%, 23.1% and 32.3% of the normal weight, overweight and obese patient groups respectively (p = 0.29). ESRD was observed in 9.1%, 6.9% and 8.3% (p = 0.21) in normal weight, overweight and obese patients respectively. In multivariate analysis, low-baseline eGFR was identified as important predictor of progression of DN in each BMI group and in the entire cohort independently of BMI. Vascular co-morbidity events occurred in 9.1%, 16.9% and 19.8% (p = 0.04) in normal weight, overweight and obese patients respectively. Conclusion: Our results show that the decline of eGFR in the DN of T2D is not directly influenced by BMI and that the major risk factors contributing to this decline remain low-baseline eGFR and increased baseline albuminuria.

Resistin , Insulin resistance and BMI in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects.

Resistin , Insulin resistance and BMI in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects.

Efficacy of Dietetics in Low Resource Communities: Dietary Intake and BMI of Type 2 Diabetics Living in Karachi Before and After Receiving Dietician`s Guidance

This study was planned to assess the dietary intake of diabetic subjects and kind of dietary modification they have made after individualised dietary guidance. Information on clinical and dietary profile of 200 subjects was recorded at first visit of BIDE. Dietary guidance was given by dietician. Second visit was done after 3 months. Subjects having adequate intake of fruit and vegetable, milk and meat was 68, 38 and 63% for males and 52, 40 and 35% for females, respectively. Only 20.4% males and 5.9% females had usual adequate consumption of the four food groups. Overall adequacy of diet improved for 11.1% of males and 27% of females. Weight reduction was observed in 54.8% of females and 32.2% of males. Rate of BMI reduction was significantly higher in the group who had reduced their caloric intake. This first of its kind study from Pakistan, has documented the efficacy of dietary guidance and highlighted the need for further attention to assure balanced intake of foods form various food groups.

The Effects of Hypogonadism on Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

It is known that type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with hypogonadism in male subjects (1,2). Free testosterone concentrations are negatively related with BMI in type 2 diabetic patients (1,3). However, the relationship of free testosterone with adipose tissue mass and lean body mass in diabetic patients is not well described. Studies examining this relationship have been limited by the fact that they have not measured free testosterone by a reliable method such as equilibrium dialysis (4). Therefore, we decided to study the body composition of hypogonadal and eugonadal type 2 diabetic patients by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue, lean body mass, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). The study was conducted in two endocrinology practices in Midland, Texas, and Buffalo, New York. It is our practice to screen all diabetic patients for hypogonadism, due to the high prevalence of hypogonadism in diabetic patients. We also routinely evaluate body composition of our diabetic patients by DEXA (done at no cost to our patients). Therefore, informed consent was not obtained. Data from 164 consecutive male diabetic patients who presented to the endocrinology clinic were prospectively collected for the study. Patients with known history of hypogonadism; panhypopituitarism; a chronic debilitating disease such as renal failure, cirrhosis, HIV, back or hip surgery; or treatment with steroids, bisphosphonates, or recombinant parathyroid hormone were …

Genetic polymorphism within human growth hormone gene region and BMI in type 2 diabetes

Currently there is a surge of interest in the association of obesity with growth hormone (GH). Our hypothesis is that genetic variation within the hGH area could predispose to obesity in type 2 diabetes. We examined 68 Caucasian subjects with type 2 diabetes from the central area of Continental Italy. In these subjects we examined four polymorphic loci (Msp1A, Msp1B, BglIIA and BglIIB) located in the hGH gene region (chromosome 17q22-9-24). A sample of 192 adults from the population of Central Italy were studied as controls. Msp1B and Msp1A polymorphisms are associated with BMI. For both polymorphisms the proportion of overweight subjects is greater in the *1/*1 genotype than in carriers of the *2 allele (97% vs. 79% and 94% vs. 86% respectively). For both polymorphisms, the mean value of BMI is greater in the *1/*1 genotype than in carriers of the *2 allele. The mean values of age at onset of diabetes are greater in Msp1B*1/*1 and Msp1A*1/*1 genotypes than in carriers of the *2 allele. BglIIA and BglIIB polymorphisms are not associated with being overweight. The present study suggests that the structural organisation of the hGH genomic area may have an important role in being overweight associated with type 2 diabetes.

Steatosis accelerates the progression of liver damage of chronic hepatitis C patients and correlates with specific HCV genotype and visceral obesity

The role of steatosis in the progression of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) was studied. Enrolled were 180 consecutive liver biopsy-proven CHC patients and 41 additional subjects with a known duration of infection. We evaluated the histological activity index (HAI), grade of fibrosis and steatosis, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), distribution of body fat, HCV genotype, and levels of HCV RNA. Eighty six (48%) patients showed steatosis, and a higher prevalence was observed in genotype 3a infection (P < .01). A correlation between the grade of steatosis and fibrosis was observed (P < .001). Fibrosis was also associated with age (P < .001). After adjusting for age, the association between steatosis and fibrosis remained significant. The grade of steatosis also correlated with the HAI (P < .007) with a significant increase in periportal necrosis. No relation was found between steatosis and age, gender, iron storage, or levels of HCV RNA. Patients with a high grade of steatosis (>30%) showed higher serum levels of γ-GT and ALT (P < .001). Overall, steatosis was not significantly associated to BMI. Analysis by single genotype showed a significant association between the grade of steatosis and BMI in type 1 infection r = .689; P < .001) and with levels of HCV RNA in type 3a infection r = .786; P < .001). Visceral fat distribution rather than BMI proved to be associated with steatosis (P < .001). Data obtained from patients with a known date of infection confirmed that steatosis grades 3-4 were associated with a higher annual rate of fibrosis progression, and showed that alcohol and steatosis act together in increasing fibrosis (P < .05). Our data indicate that steatosis is an important cofactor in increasing liver necroinflammatory activity and in accelerating fibrosis in CHC. Visceral obesity and genotype 3a play a role in the development of steatosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2001;33:1358-1364.)