Blue Fluorescence Research Articles

A novel fluorescent probe based on coumarin derivatives-grafted cellulose for specific detection of Fe3+ and its application

Fe3+ is one of the most important ions for maintaining the normal growth of plants and animals. However, imbalance and accumulation of Fe3+ can lead to serious damage to the environmental system. Hence, it is considerably crucial to monitor the concentration of Fe3+. In this paper, a high-performance fluorescent probe CA-NCC for specifically detecting Fe3+ was obtained by grafting cellulose acetate (CA) with coumarin derivative (NCC). The resulted probe displayed a bright blue fluorescence in THF solution and showed a distinct “turn-off” fluorescence response to Fe3+, while the small molecule compound NCC could not realize the detection of Fe3+. CA-NCC displayed excellent response performance to Fe3+ including excellent selectivity and sensitivity, rapid reaction time (2.5 min), wide pH detection range (6–11), and low detection limit (0.178 µM). More importantly, CA-NCC was successfully fabricated into fluorescent film based on the good processability of cellulose acetate, and achieved highly selective recognition of Fe3+ from various metal ions.

Ratiometric fluorescent composites united metal-organic frameworks sensing system for detection of methyl-paraoxon

Organophosphorus pesticide residues pose significant risks to human health, but conventional analytical methods are costly and complex. To address this, we developed a new environmentally friendly technique using a simple hydrothermal method to create a ratiometric fluorescent composite (RFC) with two distinct signals: blue and orange. This RFC allowed for rapid detection and quantitative analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. The composite incorporated a cerium-based metal–organic framework (Ce-UiO-66), which could degrade methyl paraoxon (MP) due to the two oxidation states of cerium. The resulting degradation product, p-nitrophenol (p-NP), specifically quenched the blue fluorescence of the RFC via the inner filter effect (IFE), while the orange fluorescence remained unaffected, ensuring consistency under microenvironmental and spectrometer conditions. This innovative approach was sensitive, with a detection limit of 0.55 μM, selective, and repeatable, offering a new strategy for pesticide analysis and safety evaluation of edible and medicinal plant and water samples.

Multifunctional honeysuckle extract/attapulgite/chitosan composite films containing natural carbon dots for intelligent food packaging

In order to fulfill people's requirements for food quality and safety, it is a promising strategy to develop intelligent biodegradable food packaging materials. Herein, honeysuckle extracts/attapulgite/chitosan composite films containing natural carbon dots were fabricated for intelligent food packaging. Different characterization techniques were employed to study the obtained composite films, while the physicochemical properties, optical properties, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of composite films were determined. The obtained composite films presented good mechanical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and the antibacterial ratios of composite films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 99.27 ± 0.18 % and 98.85 ± 0.65 %, respectively. When the added amount of honeysuckle extracts/attapulgite nanocomposites was 4.76 %, the tensile strength and elongation at break of composite films reached 24.9 ± 2.35 MPa and 64.8 ± 2.11 %, respectively, which were obviously higher than that of pure chitosan film. Furthermore, the composite films exhibited excellent UV shielding and blue fluorescence properties, as well as pH-sensitivity due to the presence of caffeoquinic acid-based natural carbon dots derived from honeysuckle extract. Therefore, the composite films indicated a potential application for intelligent food packaging.

High Luminescent Carbon Dots Derived from Fermented Beverages for Sensitive Sensing of Tartrazine in Foods.

Highly luminescent carbon dots (CDs) derived from fermented beverages-kvass (K-CDs) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method with ethylenediamine (EDA) as a surface passivation reagent. Purified K-CDs with a fluorescent quantum yield of 35.1% were obtained after a dialysis process. The K-CDs were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, XPS, fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that K-CDs possess typical excitation wavelength-dependent blue fluorescence emission, and the strongest excitation and emission wavelengths are 350nm and 440nm, respectively. The great spectral overlap between the emission peak (440nm) of K-CDs and the absorption peak (430nm) of tartrazine (TAR) leads to an effective fluorescence quenching phenomenon by TAR through inner filter effect (IFE) and the calculated (lg(I0/I)) showed a linear response to TAR concentration in the range of 0.1-70 µM. The detection limit of the developed method is 23 nM for TAR, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 3.9% (c = 10 µM, n = 7). The fluorescent sensor for TAR based on K-CDs through the IFE mechanism possesses the characteristics of rapid, sensitive, and high selectivity. It has been successfully applied to detect of trace TAR in foods.

Synthesis of ruthenium-doped molybdenum disulfide quantum dots for Fe3+ detection

This research successfully achieved a high-efficiency synthesis of Ruthenium-doped molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (Ru-MoS2 QDs) with a yield of 27 wt%. The obtained Ru-MoS2 QDs possess blue fluorescence and quantum yield of 2.56 %. Moreover, these Ru-MoS2 QDs demonstrated exceptional selectivity and an impressively low detection limit of 0.55 μM for Fe3+ ions, highlighting their considerable promise for future applications in sensitive detection methodologies.

Dual-Template-Directed Zero-Dimensional Bismuth Chlorides: Structures, Luminescence, Photoinduced Chromism, and Enhanced Proton Conductivity.

Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid organic-inorganic bismuth halides have attracted immense scientific interest as promising candidates for lead-free materials. Here, by using a typical solvothermal method, two mixed-cation-phase 0D hybrid bismuth chlorides of [HPDA][H2PDA]BiCl6 (1) and [Hbzim][H2PA]BiCl6 (2) (PDA = bis(4-pyridyl)amine, bzim = benzimidazole, PA = 2-picolylamine) have been assembled based on a series of organic amine guests. Both compounds exhibit interesting photoluminescence phenomena, in which compound 1 exhibits a double emission property of blue fluorescence and yellow-green phosphorescence simultaneously, while compound 2 exhibits wide-band yellow-green emission under visible light excitation. The luminescence mechanism is explained by experiments and theoretical calculations. In view of the fact that halometallate units and the conjugated nitrogen heterocyclic systems can act as electron donors and electron acceptors, respectively, both compounds exhibit free radical-driven photochromism induced by electron transfer under xenon lamp irradiation at room temperature. In addition, benefiting from abundant hydrogen bond networks in structures, the two compounds show significant temperature-dependent proton conduction behavior in the range of 298-343 K, and the proton conductivity of both compounds is significantly improved after light irradiation. Our study demonstrates two novel hybrid mixed-cation-phase 0D hybrid bismuth halides with photoluminescence, photochromism, and photomodulated proton conduction properties, which enriches the dual-template-directed metal halide system and provides a feasible scheme for the synthesis of photoresponsive smart materials.

Host Engineering of Deep‐Blue‐Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Operational Stability and Narrowband Emission

AbstractThe realization of highly operationally stable blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is a challenge in both academia and industry. This paper describes the development of anthracene–dibenzofuran host materials, 2‐(10‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)anthracen‐9‐yl)naphtho[2,3‐b]benzofuran (Host 1) and 2‐(10‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)anthracen‐9‐yl)naphtho[2,3‐b]benzofuran (Host 2), namely for use in the emissive layer of an OLED stack. A multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed serves as the blue fluorescence emitter and exhibits an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2 and long operational stability (i.e., time to decay to 90% of initial luminance) of 249 h. Furthermore, a deep‐blue OLED with an optimized top‐emitting architecture with a high current efficiency of 154.3 cd A−1, is fabricated and calibrated to a Commission International de l’Éclairage y chromaticity coordinate of 0.048. Moreover, the emission spectrum of this OLED has a narrowband peak at 476 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm. This work provides valuable insights into the design of anthracene‐based host materials and highlights the importance of host optimization in improving the operational stability of OLEDs.

Ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on dye-encapsulated Zn-MOF for highly sensitive detection of diquat in tap water and apple samples

The development of convenient and intelligent visualization of rapid pesticide detection methods is key to ensuring food quality and safety. This paper presents a smartphone-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor for smart field visualization and detection of diquat (DQ). Three-dimensional Zn-MOFs are prepared by the solvothermal method using the rigid ligand 4,4′,4″-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyltribenzoic acid (H3TATB), the flexible ligand 1,4-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene (bimb), and the transition metal (Zn2+), which shows good structural and thermal stability. Zn-MOF is a three-dimensional framework crystallizing in a triclinic crystal system in the Pī space group. Then, RhB@Zn-MOF is obtained by introducing rhodamine B (RhB) into the Zn-MOF framework using the same method. Internal Filter Effect (IFE) quenches red fluorescence and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) enhances blue fluorescence, enabling high sensitivity and visual detection of DQ. The sensor has a low detection limit of 10.50 nM and is linear over the 0–70.00 μM concentration range. Compared to Zn-MOF (detection limit of 16.90 nM), the introduction of RhB significantly improved the precision and sensitivity of DQ detection. The combination of a smartphone and RGB analysis enables fast and accurate quantitative analysis of DQ in tap water and apple samples. The sensor platform has the advantages of convenience, intelligent real-time detection, etc. It has a wide prospect of practical application and consolidates a solid foundation for food safety control.

On-site monitoring of L-adrenaline neurotransmitter in biological samples by chitosan oligosaccharide derived carbon dots

Carbon quantum dots (CDs) are fascinating fluorescent nanomaterial for spectrofluorimetry sensor applications, owing to the fact of its strong chemical stability, high quantum yield and high photostability. At this instance, we have developed the fluorescent sensing technique to detect the L-adrenaline (L-Adr) by nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as a sensing probe. The nitrogen-doped carbon dots was synthesized using chitosan oligosaccharide by hydrothermal method. The synthesized chitosan oligosaccharide derived CDs (COL-CDs) exhibits blue fluorescence under UV light and the size of the carbon quantum dots is 3.39 ± 0.08 nm calculated from HR-TEM image. The hormone called L-Adr found in the human body is crucial for controlling visceral processes. Utilizing the process of photo-induced electron transfer (PET), the previously mentioned COL-CDs have applied to sense the L-Adr. The sensing mechanism have explained clearly using Rehm-Weller equation by calculating ΔG. Tap water, blood serum, urine and adrenaline drug samples employed as real sample for the sensing L-Adr. A reagent free paper-based kit established for the purpose of on-site monitoring L-Adr. The smartphone’s colour picker software used to measure the RGB intensity from the paper-based kit.

A novel green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Anisosciadium seeds extract as sensitive fluorescent nanosensors for determination of esomeprazole and lansoprazole in dosage forms and human plasma

This study introduces a novel and eco-friendly method for the spectrofluorimetric determination of two important anti-GERD drugs, esomeprazole and lansoprazole. The study depends on synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Anisosciadium seeds extract as a reducing agent, for the first time. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by applying various microscopic and spectroscopic methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering technique, Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry, and spectrofluorimetry. The produced silver nanoparticles demonstrated an emission band at 311 nm if excited at 222 nm, and showed powerful blue fluorescence when exposed to UV light. The obtained silver nanoparticles were employed as fluorescent nanoprobes for the determination of esomeprazole and lansoprazole spectrofluorimetrically, depending on their quenching of the native fluorescence of silver nanoparticles quantitatively. This study is the first spectrofluorimetric strategy for the determination of the investigated medications with the use of silver nanoparticles without the requirement for any pre-derivatization stages or large volumes of organic solvents. As investigated medications don’t display native fluorescent characteristics; the importance of the presented method increases. The suggested study demonstrated excellent linearity over the ranges of 1.0–10.0 μg/mL and 0.1–1.0 μg/mL with detection limits of 0.17 μg/mL and 0.015 μg/mL for esomeprazole and lansoprazole, respectively. The presented study was employed for the determination of esomeprazole and lansoprazole in human plasma samples and dosage forms with low % relative standard deviation and high % recoveries values. Greenness profile of the suggested method was assessed utilizing two various metrics, including Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE), verifying lower environmental impact of the method and excellent eco-friendliness. The proposed strategy was validated in accordance with International Council for Harmonization(ICH) Q2 (R2) guidelines.

Ketazine-Linked Crystalline Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials with well-defined π arrays and ordered channels, which can be predesigned with a topology diagram and prepared via a polycondensation reaction. Over the past decade, various types of π building units with different functional groups have been developed. Among them, aldehyde is one of the most widely used monomers that form COFs with azine, hydrazine, imine, squaranine, and C═C linkages. In contrast, its closest analogue, i.e., ketone, despite its broad structural diversity, has not yet been investigated for the design and synthesis of COFs. Herein we report the first examples of ketazine-linked COFs by developing ketones as monomers to enable polycondensation with hydrazine under solvothermal conditions. We observed that a careful screening of reaction conditions including solvent, catalyst, concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time leads to the finding of optimal polymerization systems to produce highly crystalline and porous ketazine-linked COFs. Surprisingly, the ketazine linkage enables π conjugation between knot and linker sites and renders the resultant materials able to emit a strong blue fluorescence, highlighting the π electronic features of this new family of COFs. Our findings of ketones as monomers and ketazine as linkage bring unprecedented structures, functions, and applications to the field of COFs.

Spectral Characteristics of Nitrogen-Doped CVD Synthetic Diamonds and the Origin of Surface Blue Fluorescence

Spectral Characteristics of Nitrogen-Doped CVD Synthetic Diamonds and the Origin of Surface Blue Fluorescence

Dissolution-Recrystallization: A Novel Mechanism for Fluorochromic Detection of Th4+ Using Color-Tunable Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Thorium, a predominant actinide in the Earth's crust, presents significant environmental and health risks due to its radioactive nature. These risks are particularly pronounced during the mining and processing of monazite for rare earth elements (REEs), which contain substantial thorium concentrations. Current instrumental analysis methods for thorium, offer high accuracy but require laborious sample preparation and expensive instruments, making them unsuitable for on-site analysis. Herein, we present a class of color-tunable luminescent lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) as fluorochromic sensors for Th4+ cations. Utilizing a heterobimetallic Eu3+/Tb3+ doping strategy, the luminescence colors of EuxTb1-x-BDC-OH can be finely tuned from red, to orange, and to green. More intriguingly, the higher Lewis acidity of Th4+ facilitates the transformation of EuxTb1-x-BDC-OH into a UiO-type Th-MOF via a dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. This process results in a gradual reduction of characteristic Ln3+ emissions and the emergence of blue color ligand-based fluorescence, thereby leading to selective fluorochromic responses with increasing Th4+ concentrations and enabling visible detection of Th4+ cations. Additionally, a custom-built portable optoelectronic device was fabricated, which directly converts luminescence colors into red-green-blue (RGB) values. This device enables easy quantification of Th4+ concentrations without the need for complex instrumentation.

A novel dual-site fluorescent probe for the one-step detection of Cys and SO2 in living cells

BackgroundCysteine (Cys) is the major intracellular thiol and plays a key role in human pathology. Furthermore, endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) is produced in mammals. Abnormal levels of SO2 are commonly associated with a variety of respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Therefore, given their important role in life activities, it is significant to construct a fluorescent probe that can detection between Cys and SO2. ResultsWe have designed and synthesized a two-site fluorescent probe CUM with coumarin derivative and benzaldehyde molecules, which can detect and differentiate between Cys and SO2 through dual excitation wavelengths. Its carbon-carbon double bond reacts with Cys and undergoes a nucleophilic reaction, emitting green fluorescence at 520 nm, while SO32− reacts with benzaldehyde molecules in the probe CUM and undergoes a blue fluorescence at 460 nm. SO32− reacts with the benzaldehyde molecule of probe CUM and fluoresces blue at 460 nm. Thus, the probe CUM with two reaction sites can distinguish between Cys and SO2 and shows good selectivity and fast reaction speed. In addition, we successfully utilized probe CUM to image Cys and SO2 in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). SignificanceThis work provides an effective method for the molecular design of coumarin-based fluorescent probes. Probe CUM as a promising and reliable tool for the meticulous discrimination and quantification of Cys and SO2 in diverse biological matrices, thereby opening up new avenues for various biological systems.

Advanced dual-channel sensing of coumarin with phosphorescent carbon dots: Mechanism insights

Room-temperature phosphorescence carbon dots (CDs) show the highlighted advantages in chemical sensing and bioimaging owing to its long lifetime, however, acquiring the efficient phosphorescence of carbon dots is still encountering difficulty due to the spin prohibition. Here, we synthesized one type of CDs through one-step hydrothermal method. To be specific, the CDs displayed the blue fluorescence in aqueous, and emitted the bright green phosphorescence when being coated on the filter paper. Importantly, introducing coumarin to the CDs resulted in the distinct quenching of both its fluorescence and phosphorescence. Based on this phenomenon, we successfully established a dual-channel detection of coumarin. The fluorescence detection channel exhibited a linear range of 5–350 μM with a detection limit of 0.196 μM, while the phosphorescence detection channel achieved a linear range of 50–1000 μM with a detection limit of 0.268 μM. The further investigation revealed that IFE and SQE were mainly responsible for the fluorescence quenching of CDs, while the phosphorescence quenching was originated from the increased energy gap between the singlet and triplet states (ΔEST) of CDs, thus obstructing the ISC process. Moreover, we employed the CDs as the phosphorescent ink for anti-counterfeiting.

Fluorescent nectar in non-flying mammal-pollinated plants – observations and considerations in some Asparagaceae

Background and aims – Fluorescence is the emission of light by a fluorophore that has absorbed light of shorter wavelengths. While the role of fluorescence in visual communication has been documented in some animals (budgerigars, gelatinous zooplankton), it is controversially discussed in plants. Floral nectar fluorescence has been mainly found in flowers pollinated by bees. It has been suggested as direct visual cue by which bees can evaluate the available quantity of nectar, thus being important for pollination and foraging efficiency. However, this function has been questioned, since fluorescence is said to be obscured by floral reflections due to low quantum efficiency. The aim of this study was to examine the nectar of plants pollinated by non-flying mammals, namely Eucomis regia, Massonia grandiflora, M. echinata, and M. pustulata (Asparagaceae) from South Africa. Material and methods – To detect possible fluorescence in flowers, the plants were illuminated in a darkened room under UV light and photographed with a camera equipped with a UV/IR cut filter (transmitting at 400–700 nm). Key results – Within the inflorescences, the nectar of all species showed blue to bluish fluorescence and UV absorption. Separated nectar also fluoresced. Conclusion – As fluorescence in flowers occurs not only in bee-pollinated plants but also in plants pollinated by wind, and by nocturnal or crepuscular pollinators (non-flying mammals, bats, moths) for which floral scent is an important attractant, floral fluorescence seems to have no adaptive value for the attraction of flower visitors. We discuss the potential role of fluorescence in flowers as just a by-product of compounds that might have other functions such as visual attraction by reflection (or UV absorbance), protection of genetic material in pollen from UV induced damage, or as a floral filter causing nectar to be bitter, repelling ineffective pollinators but not effective ones.

Enhanced Sensitivity and Accuracy of Tb3+-Functionalized Zirconium-Based Bimetallic MOF for Visual Detection of Malachite Green in Fish.

The ratiometric fluorescent probe UiO-OH@Tb, a zirconium-based MOF functionalized with Tb3+, was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. This probe employs the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism between Tb3+ and malachite green (MG) for the double-inverse signal ratiometric fluorescence detection of MG. The probe's color shifts from lime green to blue with an increasing concentration of MG. In contrast, the monometallic MOFs' (UiO-OH) probe shows only blue fluorescence quenching due to the inner filter effect (IFE) after interacting with MG. Additionally, the composite fluorescent probe (UiO-OH@Tb) exhibits superior sensitivity, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.19 μM, which is significantly lower than that of the monometallic MOFs (25 μM). Moreover, the content of MG can be detected on-site (LOD = 0.94 μM) using the RGB function of smartphones. Hence, the UiO-OH@Tb probe is proven to be an ideal material for MG detection, demonstrating significant practical value in real-world applications.

Ratiometric fluorescence sensing of triclosan by Lanthanide-Functionalized Metal–Organic frameworks

As a widely used antibacterial and antifungal agent in numerous personal care and consumer products, triclosan (TCS) is frequently detected in natural water bodies and has caused serious harm on human health and ecosystems. The quantitative and fast analysis of TCS is thus of paramount significance, however still remains challenging. In recent years, ratiometric fluorescence sensing has attracted vast interests in analyte detection due to the dual emission, which can effectively eliminate interference from environmental factors and improve the detection accuracy. Benefiting from the strong encapsulation capability and structural adjustability, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are demonstrated to be a perfect platform to construct ratiometric fluorescence sensors. In the present study, we modify a zirconium MOF, UiO-67-bpy, to be a ratiometric fluorescence sensor by introducing Eu3+ and carbon dots sequentially via the post-synthetic method. The obtained hybrid system, CDs@Eu/UiO-67-bpy, shows two well separated emission peaks. With the addition of TCS, the red fluorescence from Eu3+ at 611 nm decreases while the blue fluorescence from carbon dots at 412 nm remains unchanged, resulting an excellent ratiometric response. Linear relationships of the fluorescence ratio (F412/F611) against the concentration of TCS are acquired in both low and high concentration range with detection of limit as low as 0.53 and 2.3 μM, respectively. Moreover, satisfactory recoveries of TCS levels from CDs@Eu/UiO-67-bpy are achieved in various water samples and personal care products. The composite of CDs@Eu/UiO-67-bpy also displays a fluorescence color changing from red to blue responsive to different concentration of TCS, demonstrating great potential in practical application of CDs@Eu/UiO-67-bpy for visualized monitoring TCS.

High quantum yield blue fluorescent molecule of hydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-ones: Synthesis and fluorescence characteristics

Hydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-ones had been synthesized by the reaction of hydroxy‑substituted chalcone and ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of Cs2CO3 and their optical properties were then investigated. We found it particularly that dimethylamino-substituted hydroxybenzocoumarin 4e had extremely high quantum yield blue fluorescence (λem = 487 nm, ФF = 0.83) in dichloromethane and the fluorescence red shifted with the increase of solvent polarity, which had a good solvatochromic effect on the polarity of the solvent. Additionally, DFT and TD-DFT calculations were applied to explain and verify the good fluorescence properties of hydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-one 4e.

Unlocking the potential of rice husk pyrolysis oil: Dual production of high-energy solid fuel and Fe²⁺ detecting carbon nanodots for environmental application

The urgent need for sustainable energy solutions and environmental monitoring necessitates innovative approaches to biomass utilization. This study explores unlocking the potential of rice husk pyrolysis oil for dual applications: producing high-energy solid fuel and environmentally sensitive carbon nanodots (B-CDs). Slow pyrolysis of rice husk oil, followed by atmospheric distillation, transforms the oil into bio-coal with a high calorific value of 29.85 MJ/kg, significant aliphatic and aromatic carbon content, lowest ash content, and abundant oxygen functional groups, making it a viable fossil fuel alternative. Further, oxidative crystalline cutting and surface modification of this bio-coal yield B-CDs that exhibit blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 41 %, an average size of 3.4 nm, and excellent photostability and hydrophilicity. Notably, these B-CDs are self-doped with nitrogen on their surface, enhancing their functionality. They demonstrate high sensitivity for Fe²⁺ detection, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 μM over a linear range of 0–100 μM, and a strong response to alkaline conditions. Validation experiments in tap and seawater samples confirmed the practical environmental applications of B-CDs. This study not only contributes to the advancement of pyrolysis oil as a source of fuel energy but also emphasizes the production of valuable carbon nanomaterials for environmental application.