Blood Composition Research Articles

Exposure to coal mining can lead to imbalanced levels of inorganic elements and DNA damage in individuals living near open-pit mining sites

Coal mining activities are considered harmful to living organisms. These activities release compounds to the environment, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and oxides, which can cause oxidative damage to DNA. In this study, we compared the DNA damage and the chemical composition of peripherical blood of 150 individuals exposed to coal mining residues and 120 non-exposed individuals. Analysis of coal particles revealed the presence of elements such as copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), chrome (Cr), silicon (Si) and iron (Fe). The exposed individuals in our study had significant concentrations of Al, sulfur (S), Cr, Fe, and Cu in their blood, as well as hypokalemia. Results from the enzyme-modified comet assay (FPG enzyme) suggest that exposure to coal mining residues caused oxidative DNA damage, particularly purine damage. Furthermore, particles with a diameter of <2.5 μm indicate that direct inhalation could promote these physiological alterations. Finally, a systems biology analysis was performed to investigate the effects of these elements on DNA damage and oxidative stress pathways. Interestingly, Cu, Cr, Fe, and K are key nodes that intensely modulate these pathways. Our results suggest that understanding the imbalance of inorganic elements caused by exposure to coal mining residues is crucial to understanding their effect on human health.

Insulin resistance, lipids and body composition in patients with coronary artery disease after combined aerobic training and resistance training: a randomised, controlled trial

BackgroundThe effect of resistance training (RT) in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on insulin resistance remains elusive. We examined whether the addition of high-load (HL) or low loads (LL) RT has any effect on the levels of insulin resistance and lipids versus aerobic training (AT) alone in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsSeventy-nine CAD patients were randomised to HL-RT [70–80% of one repetition maximum (1-RM)] and AT, LL-RT (35–40% of 1-RM) and AT or AT (50–80% of maximal power output), and 59 patients [75% males, 15% diabetics, age: 61 (8) years, left ventricular ejection fraction: 53 (9) %] completed the study. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, blood lipids [total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] cholesterol and body composition were measured at baseline and post-training (36 training sessions).ResultsTraining intervention had only time effect on lean mass (p = 0.002), total and LDL cholesterol levels (both p < 0.001), and no effects on levels of glucose and insulin resistance (homeostatic assessment 2-insulin resistance). Total and LDL cholesterols levels decreased following AT [mean difference (95% confidence interval); total cholesterol: − 0.4 mmol/l (− 0.7 mmol/l, − 0.1 mmol/l), p = 0.013; LDL: − 0.4 mmol/l (− 0.7 mmol/l, − 0.1 mmol/l), p = 0.006] and HL-RT [total cholesterol: − 0.5 mmol/l (− 0.8 mmol/l, − 0.2 mmol/l), p = 0.002; LDL: − 0.5 mol/l (− 0.7 mmol/l, − 0.2 mmol/l), p = 0.002]. No associations were observed between post-training change in body composition and post-training change in blood biomarkers.ConclusionsRT when combined with AT had no additional effect beyond AT alone on fasting glucose metabolism, blood lipids and body composition in patients with CAD.Trial registration number NCT04638764.

Selective fiber optic TFBG-assisted biosensors featuring functional coatings

The paper reports on the results of the development of tilted fiber Bragg grating-assisted selective biosensors. The main sensing principle is based on the dependence of an optical evanescent field parameters on the composition of the medium under study. Sensors feature functional coatings of antibodies against protein molecules common in blood composition – fibrinogen and D-dimer. The work explores and clearly demonstrates the selective sensitivity of sensors to specific proteins by the example of simultaneous measurements using a pair of sensors functionalized with different antibodies.

Pilot testing of a simplified dance intervention for cardiorespiratory fitness and blood lipids in obese older women

IntroductionDance interventions require long learning periods and exert high joint loading. Therefore, a simple dance intervention is required. AimsTo examine the effects of simplified dance on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood lipid levels in obese older women. MethodTwenty-six obese older women were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The dance exercise involved pelvic tilt and rotation with basic breathing techniques. Anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood lipid levels were measured at baseline and after the 12-week training. ResultsThe exercise group had lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and improved VO2max after the 12-week training than at baseline; however, no significant difference was observed for the control group. Additionally, the exercise group had lower triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than the control group. ConclusionsSimplified dance interventions have the potential to improve blood composition and aerobic fitness in obese older women.

The Effect of Aluminum Nanoparticles on Vaccine-dosed Rabbits Investigated Using Cyclic Voltammetry

This study investigates the effect of aluminum nanoparticles (AL NPs) on vaccines (e.g., poliomyelitis and bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccines). Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the extent of its effect on the blood composition using an <i>in vivo</i> study on blood samples obtained from rabbits injected with poliomyelitic virus and BCG vaccines across a period of four weeks. The oxidation current peaks of the vaccines in the rabbit blood samples were enhanced with increasing doses of AL NPs. AL NPs acted as oxidative reagents to the rabbit blood components.

ABOUT NON-TRADITIONAL FEED ADDITIVES INFLUENCE ON SAFETY OF THE YAKUT BREED HORSES LIVE WEIGHT

Horse breeding is one of the rapidly developing branches of animal husbandry in Yakutia. Horses of the Yakut breed are only type of farm animals that are kept year-round in harsh conditions of the sharply continental climate of Yakutia. In winter, animals experience a significant lack of nutrients and minerals. This is due to fact that basic diet consists of natural feed winter pasture and hay. Therefore, the goal was to study the effect of complex feed additives from local natural raw materials on the change in live weight and biochemical composition of the blood of animals. This study used standard animal research methods. The use of non-traditional feed additives in feeding of horses contributed to an increase in the supply of nutrients and minerals to the rations. Improving feeding conditions affected the live weight of horses (live weight loss was 5.75 % и 5.45 %). The change caused by inclusion of non-traditional feed additives in the diets of horses had a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood animals. In horses from the experimental groups, an increase was found in the blood in total protein by 0.50 % and 0.30 %, albumin by 0.36 and 0.20 %, globulin by 0.13 and 0.10 %, hemoglobin by 2.91 and 1.33 %, calcium by 3.56 and 1.29%, phosphorus by 5.71 and 1.90 %. Thus, use of experimental non-traditional feed additives in feeding horses in winter contributes to the best preservation of live weight. This is due to the improvement of mineral and vitamin nutrition in a difficult period of deficiency of macro- and microelements, vitamins in the diets of horses. This improves metabolism, which is reflected in the morphological and biochemical composition of blood of horses.

Concerted phenotypic flexibility of avian erythrocyte size and number in response to dietary anthocyanin supplementation

BackgroundEndurance flight impose substantial oxidative costs on the avian oxygen delivery system. In particular, the accumulation of irreversible damage in red blood cells can reduce the capacity of blood to transport oxygen and limit aerobic performance. Many songbirds consume large amounts of anthocyanin-rich fruit, which is hypothesized to reduce oxidative costs, enhance post-flight regeneration, and enable greater aerobic capacity. While their antioxidant benefits appear most straightforward, the effects of anthocyanins on blood composition remain so far unknown. We fed thirty hand-raised European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) two semisynthetic diets (with or without anthocyanin supplement) and manipulated the extent of flight activity in a wind tunnel (daily flying or non-flying for over two weeks) to test for their interactive effects on functionally important haematological variables.ResultsSupplemented birds had on average 15% more and 4% smaller red blood cells compared to non-supplemented individuals and these diet effects were independent of flight manipulation. Haemoglobin content was 7% higher in non-supplemented flying birds compared to non-flying birds, while similar haemoglobin content was observed among supplemented birds that were flown or not. Neither diet nor flight activity influenced haematocrit.ConclusionThe concerted adjustments suggest that supplementation generally improved antioxidant protection in blood, which could prevent the excess removal of cells from the bloodstream and may have several implications on the oxygen delivery system, including improved gas exchange and blood flow. The flexible haematological response to dietary anthocyanins may also suggest that free-ranging species preferentially consume anthocyanin-rich fruits for their natural blood doping, oxygen delivery-enhancement effects.

The influence of blood composition and loading frequency on the behavior of embolus analogs

In cases of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can be used to directly remove lodged thromboemboli. Despite improvements in patient outcomes, one of the key factors affecting MT success is the mechanical properties of the occlusive thrombus. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the viscoelastic properties of embolus analogs (EAs) and determine the influence of EA hematocrit and loading frequency.Bovine blood EAs were created over a range of physiological hematocrits (0–60%) and cyclic uniaxial compression testing was performed at three loading frequencies to mimic in vivo loading conditions, followed by stress-relaxation testing. It was found that EAs exhibited behaviors typical of hyper-viscoelastic materials and that EA hematocrit played a large role in both EA stiffness and relaxation, with both parameters decreasing as hematocrit increased from 0 to 60%. The viscoelastic behavior of the EAs was also affected by the frequency at which they were loaded, with significant increases in peak stresses between the 0.5 and 2 Hz loaded EAs. Lower hematocrit EAs had very dense fibrin networks while the higher hematocrit EAs consisted of closely packed RBCs with little fibrin present. These results suggest that fibrin contributes to EA stiffness and relaxation behaviors while RBCs play a role in decreasing the overall viscous response and strain-rate dependency.An Ogden hyperelastic model was found to best reproduce the EA loading data while a 3-term Prony series was fit to the stress relaxation data. A hyper-viscoelastic modeling framework was then implemented combining the loading and stress-relaxation fits and the results could match the full cyclic loading data for EAs of varying hematocrit and loading frequency. The results of the experimental mechanical characterization and hyper-viscoelastic curve fitting can be incorporated in future modeling efforts to optimize mechanical thrombectomy for AIS patients.

A Parallelable 3D Microfluidic Chip for Circulating‐Tumor‐Cell Capture at Ultra‐High Throughput and Wide Flow Rate Range

Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide the possibility for early diagnosis and personalized treatment of cancer. Due to the complexity of blood composition and the rarity of CTCs, existing technologies still have issues in balancing the sample throughput, separate efficiency, and operation convenience. Here, a concept is proposed to improve CTCs capture performance by reforming the separation unit and rearranging functionally independent modules into 3D configuration based on the previous microfluidic chip. In this way, the novel 3D‐CTC chip can significantly decrease to a smaller size with enhanced capture efficiency (&gt;89%) at an ultra‐high throughput (70 mL h−1 with whole blood sample) over a wide range of flow rates (5–70 mL h−1). The capability of the developed chip can be improved manyfold by paralleling single chips whether the samples are injected by pump or manually. The clinical experiments of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients on these chips demonstrate a positive correlation between CTCs counts (5–34 CTCs per 2 mL whole blood) and cancer stages. In general, the proposed compact 3D‐CTC chip provides high performance with low requirements of experiment conditions, which implies an enormous potential for industrial production and handy clinical test.

Effects of mineral supplementation on qualitative beef parameters

Correct nutrition with sufficient amount of optimal doses of microelements efficiently supports high levels of beef production and health of the animals throughout the feeding period. In the sphere of beef production, microelements are needed as additional supplements to play an important role in the productivity of cattle and the quality of the products made from them. Providing cattle with a more bioavailable source of deficient microelements could increase the metabolic process of the main nutrients, which would affect the intensity of bull growth and slaughter meat parameters. It has been revealed that organic complexes of deficient microelements have greater bioavailability. Throughout the experiment, Ukrainian Black Spotted bulls of 175–200 kg live weight were fed with diets enriched by chelate compounds of microelements with lysine and methionine. Animals of the second group were fed a diet with methionates of microelements in the following doses, mg/kg of live weight: iron – 0.05, cobalt – 0.04, iodine – 0.05 and selenium – 0.02; the third group received lysinates in the same doses of microelements; and the fourth group was given lysinates and methionates in a complex with half-doses of microelements. The studies were carried out using the following methods: zootechnical (productivity), biochemical (chemical blood composition), morphological (weight and sizes of certain tissues and internal organs), physical-chemical and sanitary meat parameters and statistical (mean arithmetic value and its error, significance level of difference between parameters). We found evidence and confirmed the benefits of using microelement supplemention with essential aminoacids in the bulls’ diet. Feeding chelate supplement to animals during the second feeding period improved hematological parameters, the productivity and nutrition value of beef. We determined that the best outcomes resulted from feeding bulls with lysinates and methionates in complex with microelements (Fe, Co, Se and I) during the second feeding period. The animals had 26.0% higher mean daily increments and 11.1% greater growth rates, and they grew 25.8% more intensively than the others that consumed only the main diet. The animals of this group had 5.2% higher slaughter yield and 4.8% higher carcass yield. The experimental groups were observed to have lower number of microorganisms in the longissimus layer in one field of view when analyzing impression smears. After 14 days of beef storage, qualitative reactions in the control group were positive with formaldehyde, sulphuric-acid copper, Nessler’s reagent and negative with benzidine. The reactions in the samples from experimental groups were doubtful. Less deterioration of beef stored at low positive temperatures (0…+2 ºС) was observed for the samples of experimental groups.

The effect of corticosteroids on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and reproductive function in cows

The effect of the glucocorticoidcontaining drug on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and reproductive function in cattle was studied. It was found that against the background of treatment in the postpartum period with corticosteroids, the concentration of eosinophils in the blood decreases by 87.5% (P &lt;0.05), with a stable concentration of platelets. In animals without hormone therapy, an increase in the level of total protein was observed by 18.8% (P&lt;0.01) with a decrease in the albuminglobulin coefficient by 26.4% (P&lt;0.01), which was not observed when using corticosteroids. In the experimental group, the magnesium concentration decreased by 18.1% (P&lt;0.05), with a stable level of phosphorus and calcium. The activity of transaminases against the background of the use of glucocorticoids had no significant changes, whereas in control animals an increase in the activity of AsAT was observed by 29.5% (P &lt; 0.05). The level of total immunoglobulins in animals of the control group decreased by 77.4% (P≤0.001), whereas against the background of Cortexone use, the indicator was 3.9 times higher (P≤0.001). The small-sized CEC in the first group of cows decreased by 58.8%, which is 4.4 times lower (P&lt;0.05) compared to the control group, where, on the contrary, the indicator increased 3.4 times (P&lt;0.05). Similarly, in control cows, a decrease in the size of the CEC was observed, whereas against the background of the use of corticosteroids, on the contrary, their enlargement was observed by 83.8% (P≤0.001). The fertilization of animals after the first insemination against the background of the use of corticosteroids was 43.3% higher, with a lower (0.57) multiplicity of inseminations during fertilization and a shorter (19.2 days; P&lt;0.05) period of infertility. Thus, the use of glucocorticoids in the postpartum period had a positive effect on metabolic processes and contributed to the optimization of reproductive function in cows.

An extreme learning machine optimized by differential evolution and artificial bee colony for predicting the concentration of whole blood with Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy, with its advantages of non-contact nature, rapid detection, and minimum water interference, is promising for non-invasive blood detection or diagnosis in clinic applications. However, there is a critical issue that how to accurately analyze blood composition by Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we apply extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm and a multivariate calibration regression model to analyze the results from Raman spectroscopy and determine the component’s concentrations in blood samples, including glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Self-adaption differential evolution artificial bee colony (SADEABC) algorithm was further applied to increase the data’s accuracy and robustness. The obtained data for coefficient of determination, root mean square error of calibration, root mean square error of prediction, and relative percent deviation, were 0.9822, 0.3993, 0.3827, and 6.6679 for glucose, 0.9786, 0.2104, 0.2088 and 5.9533 for cholesterol, and 0.9921, 0.2744, 0.3433 and 10.5075 for triglyceride, respectively. Results demonstrated that the model based on SADEABC-ELM show much better prediction data than those models based on the ELM and ABC-ELM.

Влияние БАД растительного происхождения на продуктивность и показатели крови цыплят-бройлеров

Abstract. Phytobiotics have a significant impact on the health of animals and increase productive qualities. At the same time, the question of studying the effect of individual herbal supplements on the physiological and productive indicators of poultry remains open. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combinations of 4-hexylresorcinol with other herbal preparations on weight growth, as well as morphological and biochemical blood compositions of broiler chickens. Methods. The studies were conducted on 125 heads of 7-day-old broiler chickens (cross Arbor Icres, 5 groups, n = 25). Experimental scheme: control group – basic diet (BD); I experimental (BD + 4-hexylresorcinol; at a dosage of 0.5 mg /kg of live weight per day); II experimental (BD + 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone at dosages of 0.4 mg/kg and 0.1 ml/kg of live weight per day); III experimental (BD + 4-hexylresorcin + 7-hydroxycoumarin in dosages of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.15 ml/kg of live weight per day); IV experimental (BD + 4-hexylresorcin+gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin in dosages of 0.05 mg/kg, 0.15 ml/kg and 0.01 mg/kg of live weight per day). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the effect of the use of the herbal preparation 4-hexylresorcin in combination with other phytobiotics on the physiological parameters of broiler chickens has been studied. Results. It was found that chickens of the I, II and IV experimental groups at the age of 35 days were superior in live weight to individuals from the control group, with the maximum difference in relation to broiler chickens receiving a basic feeding diet. The introduction of the tested herbal preparations into the diet of the experimental bird had an ambiguous effect on the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood, which was expressed in the form of an increase in the level of individual elements with a significant decrease in others.

Physiological status and genetic abnormalities of imported cattle in extreme Arctic zone conditions

Blood in the body of animals performs various functions aimed at maintaining its vital activity. The main indicators of blood make it possible to judge the state of the body, since the processes associated with the growth, development of productivity. According to the researchers, the composition of peripheral blood is greatly influenced by the age of the animal, sex, physiological state, feeding and maintenance conditions. The current intensification of livestock development contributes to the strengthening of a number of adverse environmental factors that may lead to insufficient animal adaptation mechanisms. The most significant stress factor affecting the animal body is the seasonal factor. It was revealed that the most stressogenic for productive livestock are the winter and spring seasons of the year. At the same time, local (indigenous) animal breeds are well resistant to extreme environmental influences, but, as a rule, they have low productivity. Therefore, there has recently been a trend towards a qualitative improvement in livestock production in these areas by importing highly productive animals into them in order to acclimate them and use them to create new breeds based on crossing with natives. Yakut animals in the world gene pool of cattle in terms of distribution range occupy the northernmost part and are known for good adaptation abilities to harsh conditions of detention, resistance to many diseases. In world practice, there are no analogues to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in animal husbandry as a self-functioning system in the Arctic. The history of the development of cattle breeding shows that due to extreme natural and climatic conditions in Yakutia, a special approach to breeding work is needed. This is primarily due to the prolonged winter stall period. The basis of rational zoning accurate knowledge of the history of their development and formation of adaptive capabilities should be established. In this regard, the study of adaptive features, morphophysiological systems that cause increased resistance of animals to adverse environmental factors, in particular, to low temperatures, is of great theoretical and practical importance. Currently, in the republic, many farms are engaged in breeding specialized breeds of cattle of the dairy and meat direction. At the same time, animals are imported not only from the central regions of Russia, but even from foreign countries. In recent years, 3683 goals have been brought to the territory of Yakutia. livestock, including dairy – 2377 heads (64.5%). Among the introduced cattle there are completely new breeds for cattle breeding in the republic - such as Hereford, Kalmyk, red steppe, red-variegated, black-variegated and Sychov.

Phytoremediation potential of a few hydrophytic medicinal plants: A review

Environmental pollution is one of the explicit challenges faced globally. Pollution by heavy metal contamination is a threat to the environment and is of critical concern. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have escalated the contamination rates by heavy metals. This rapid increase resulted in different health problems inducing toxicity and damaging the proper functioning of the brain, lungs, kidney, liver, blood composition, and other vital organs. Plants have evolved particular and very efficient mechanisms to obtain essential micronutrient metals from the environment and accumulate them up to a threshold of 10-15ppm. However, certain plants categorized as "Hyper accumulators," can take up toxic metal ions at levels beyond this limit. As a result, animals and people may suffer negative impacts from bio accumulating harmful heavy metals in the biota of riverine habitats. The "life-blood of the biosphere" is water and hence these heavy metals impact the ecological well-being of aquatic systems and animal species. Water dissolves various organic and inorganic substances and environmental toxins since it is a universal solvent. Thus, it highlights the significance of ecological restoration and phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify metal and organic chemical contamination. About five phytoremediation technologies have often been employed for soil decontamination by plants: phytostabilisation, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytoextraction, and phytovolatilization. Articles from databases like PubMed and Scopus were reviewed to explore the potential plants for phytoremediation. Hydrophytes can be selected over other terrestrial plants because of their enhanced capability to accumulate almost 1450-fold the concentration of heavy metals in water. Another advantage of aquatic plants' rapid growth rate is increased biomass production, high pollutant uptake ability, and more pronounced purification because of their direct contact with water. They are also helpful in regulating oxygen levels and the food cycle by acting as a food source for small fish. In addition, some widely used aquatic medicinal plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton pectinatus, Pistia stratiotes, Nelumbo nucifera, Pontederia crassipes &amp; Bacopa monnieri were discussed. This review explores the phytoremediation potential of hydrophytic medicinal plants and through an insight to recreate and restore our ecosystem.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection among patients with thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint osteoarthritis (OA). DesignRetrospective chart review with follow-up questionnaires/surveys. Post-procedure, patients were sent standardized, automatically-generated follow-up questionnaires, and contacted for a survey regarding patient-reported outcomes. SettingSingle institution (tertiary care hospital) outpatient clinic from 2015 to 2020. ParticipantsNineteen adult patients (9 women; average age 65.0 [±6.3 years]) who received a PRP injection for OA of 1 or both thumb CMCs (N=19). InterventionsPlatelet-rich plasma injection. Main Outcome MeasuresOutcome measures included symptom improvement (subjective, visual analog scale), duration of benefit, subsequent procedures, satisfaction, and side effects/adverse events. Cellular composition of whole blood and PRP injectate (platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) were analyzed. ResultsSubjects reported moderate or excellent symptom improvement in 68.8% of injected joints and were moderately or very satisfied with 68.8% of the procedures. Mean patient-reported duration of benefit was 15.6 months (±19.5) months (mean duration of follow-up: 32.4 [±18.1] months). There were no major complications attributed to the procedures, but 1 patient was diagnosed with presumed unrelated lymphoma 2 weeks post-procedure. PRP mean platelet concentration was 1787.77 (±687.14) × 109/L, resulting in a mean platelet concentration factor of 8.80 (±4.19) times baseline and mean platelet dose of 1881 × 106. Other PRP cell concentration factors were erythrocytes, 0.02; neutrophils, 0.14; lymphocytes, 3.76; and monocytes, 3.29. ConclusionsPRP injection appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment option for pain related to first CMC OA. Further study is needed to optimize treatment protocols and better understand which patients are most likely to benefit.

Restructuring of erythropoiesis and immune status in hypotrophic calves with comorbid pathologies based on the use of aminoseleferon-B

The article presents the results of comparative therapeutic efficacy of a complex biogenic drug aminoseleferon-B based on recombinant interferons on Holstein calves with hypotrophy and comorbid pathology (anemia, immunodeficiency) in the neonatal period. According to the principle of pairanalogues, four groups of 6 individuals (hypotopic calves with comorbid pathology) were formed and the fifth – 6 normotrophic calves. The calves of the first experimental group were administered aminoseleton, the calves of the second experimental group - biferon-B, the calves of the third experimental group - the drug aminoseleferon-B. The drugs were administered subcutaneously, three times on days 1, 3 and 30 at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of animal weight. The calves of the fourth experimental group - negative control and the calves of the fifth group - positive control, the studied drugs were not used. The use of aminoseleferon-B leads to an earlier stabilization (on day 7 of our studies) of the morphological and immunological blood composition, whereas in the comparison groups, the studied indicators were optimized on day 30. In the animals of the 3rd experimental group, the level of erythrocytes increased by 9.3% and 6.4% compared to those in hypotrophic calves, a similar pattern was noted in the amount of total hemoglobin - increased by 13.7% and 7.7%. Humoral and cellular links of nonspecific protection were restored in the calves of the 3rd experimental group, due to normalization of serum compliment, lysozyme and bacterial activity, phagocytic index and number. The use of aminoseleferon-B in the treatment of polymorbid pathology (anemia, immunodeficiency) in calves with hypotrophy has a pathogenetically mediated mechanism of action and a pronounced anti-anemic and immunomodulatory effect that together improves the state of the calves body during early neonatal adaptation.

Effect of bio calcium feed additive on the biochemical status of quail blood

The authors conducted the study based on the experimental quail farm SRDIAH SFSCA RAS (Siberian Research and Design Institute of Animal Husbandry Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and at the Department of Obstetrics, Anatomy, and Histology of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The study aims to change the content of micro- and macroelements in the blood of quails of the Japanese meat breed when using the Biocalcium feed additive. The productivity of animals depends on their health and is determined by their metabolism level. Birds, unlike other animals, have an intensive mineral metabolism.Calcium and phosphorus are two biologically active components with many functions that determine ana- and catabolic processes. When oviposition begins, the calcium and phosphorus concentration in chickens’ blood serum increases. But the rate of exchange of these macronutrients is determined by the activity of oviposition, so control over the content of these substances is relevant. Indicator enzymes that perform certain intracellular functions and enter the blood from the tissues are informative indicators for assessing metabolism. Using the activity index of alkaline phosphatase is reasonable to evaluate calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Using the feed additive Biocalcium in the blood of quail of the experimental group increased the calcium concentration by 0.2%. If we talk about zinc, iron, and magnesium indicators, they increased by 0.1-0.3%. It was also found that the introduction of fiber in feed rations had a definite effect on protein metabolism. During the experiment, it was found that the feed additive based on Siberian silver fir substrate Biocalcium has no apparent negative impact on the body of the quail. The additive is effective at a late stage of rearing. The authors note an improvement in metabolism, the mineral composition of the blood is normalized; hematopoiesis is stimulated without changing the stability of hematopoiesis and the constancy of the blood composition due to the introduction of this feed additive into the diet of birds.

TGF-β2 antisense oligonucleotide enhances T-cell mediated anti-tumor activities by IL-2 via attenuation of fibrotic reaction in a humanized mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, with high mortality and recurrence rate. In this study, we generated a human immune system mouse model by transplanting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into NSG-B2m mice followed by xenografting AsPC-1 cells, after which we assessed the role of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) in T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. We observed that inhibiting the TGF-β2 production by TGF-β2 antisense oligonucleotide (TASO) combined with IL-2 delays pancreatic cancer growth. Co-treatment of TASO and IL-2 had little effect on the SMAD-dependent pathway, but significantly inhibited the Akt phosphorylation and sequentially activated GSK-3β. Activation of GSK-3β by TASO subsequently suppressed β-catenin and α-SMA expression and resulted in attenuated fibrotic reactions, facilitating the infiltration of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) into the tumor. TGF-β2 inhibition suppressed the Foxp3 + regulatory T-cells in peripheral blood and tumors, thereby enhancing the tumoricidal effects of CTLs associated with increased granzyme B and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, changes in the T-cell composition in peripheral blood and at the tumor site by TASO and IL-2 induced the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α and the decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-βs. These results indicate that the TGF-β2 inhibition by TASO combined with IL-2 enhances the T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity against SMAD4-mutated PDAC by modulating the tumor-associated fibrosis, suggesting that TASO in combination with IL-2 may be a promising immunotherapeutic intervention for PDAC.

Basic haematological and biochemical parameters of farmed red deer and fallow deer blood

Knowing the blood composition and determining the range of reference values for individual species of domestic animals is a key factor in monitoring their individual and herd health. The aim of the study was to determine the values of selected morphological and biochemical blood parameters, and also to compare the results obtained for farm red deer (Cervus elaphus) with fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood haematological parameters were determined using an automatic haematological analyzer with appropriate software, while biochemical parameters were determined using an automatic analyzer using the spectrophotometric method. The values of morphological and biochemical blood parameters of both deer species were close to the reference values of the blood of domestic ruminants. The only significant differences concerned the level of glucose and total cholesterol. Mean glucose levels of 145.90 ± 28.56 g/dl in red deer and 96.31 ± 14.51 g/dl in fallow deer were higher compared to glucose levels in sheep, goats and cattle. In contrast, the cholesterol level of 59.90 ± 3.18 mg/dl and 77.23 ± 13.74 mg/dl, respectively, in of the researched species was significantly lower compared to the reference level for domestic ruminants. To conclude, it can be assumed that these differences in blood composition may result from the species diversity of the tested animals compared to sheep, goats and cattle. In addition, it should be borne in mind that different husbandry procedures are used for these species, including limited interference with their feeding habits, which in this case are closer to the conditions of their natural habitat.